9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We are what we eat. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 How many of us know,[br]what we are actually eating? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 How many of us know, [br] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 what food does to environment[br]before it comes to our plate 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 How many of you know, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 what food does to farmer,[br]who is producing that food? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Do you know? have you ever thought? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 How many of you think[br]if you are eating food, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 about the farmer who has produced it [br]or fate of the farmer who has produced? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 You know, some of the questions[br] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 which grappled me when I was[br]studying my agriculture. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 While doing my Ph. D. in agriculture [br]I had a choice, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Like every young boy in 90's 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I was also crazy about [br]getting into Indian Civil Sercvice 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Reading the Indian Economy [br]I really understood about Indian Economy 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 by reading for an exam. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Finally by time I got into services,[br]I was selected for Indian Revenue Service. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 But, I also had a choice of joining as [br]Agricultural Research Scientist. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 It was tough choice. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I made my choice as joined as [br]Agricultural Research Scientist. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I thought, "I should continue [br]working with farmers." 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 But, that didn't last long,[br]I'll come to that. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Before I come to that, [br]let's understand ,"What is our food? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 What we are eating? How safe is our food?" 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 All of you saw this news, sometime back 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Pesticides residues in soft drinks [br]and bottled water. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 But, forgot the next day. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Have you ever thought, [br] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 How pesticides residues come into [br]this bottled water or soft drink? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 If bottled water and soft drink had [br]pesticide residues, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 The water you used to make tea or coffee[br]also must be having, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 But we never worried about it. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 The news is short the next day[br]we forget about it. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 This must be a memory,[br]Noodles having heavy metals. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 How many of you've thought,[br] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 how did this heavy metals reached [br]in the Noodles? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 If lead has to added in Noodles,[br] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Probably lead is more costly than Noodles. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Nobody will add it but it came. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 If ingredients used to make Noodles[br]had the lead, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 The "Aata" which you used to make [br]your "Chapati" also must be having. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Or the Samosa which you're eating[br]also must be having. Right? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 But we don't connect the dots. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Same is the story when we hear about[br]pesticide residues in vegetables. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 You all get horrified. [br]But, forget it in the evening. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We all think if we buy food at good place [br]or eat it in good hotel, it's safe. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Food is only as safe as it is grown. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 End of pipe solutions doesn't work. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 The pesticides which are [br]used in agriculture, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 less than 1% actually kills the insects,[br]99% gets into the water, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 get into the air [br]and comes back to your food. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 You look at it very casually. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Everything happened around us[br]you look at it casually. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I'll give you one example,[br]While having the lunch I saw people 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 painting there, what was that? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Spray Paint. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Where does it go? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Part of it goes on to the board,[br]part of it into the air. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 You all were eating there.[br]It comes there. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We all are educated,[br]We feel we can make connections. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We never make. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And we expect that farmer will[br]make those connections. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and produce safe food for all of us. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I think that's where disconnect between, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 What we observe, what we know,[br]and how we act is the serious problem. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 It's not only about the pesticides, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 do you know the eggs [br]that you buy in the market 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 what kind of eggs you buy in the market? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Applied eggs. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Half cloyed means they are produced without [br]male & female meeting together. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 That's why if you hatch the eggs,[br]they won't make chickens. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 But how they are produced?[br]They are produced by using estrogens 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And what happen to those estrogen?[br][br] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 When you eat those eggs?[br]they'll come back to you. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 That's one reason today[br]pivot in girl child has advanced. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Gynic problems in women has increased. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Breast development in men has increased. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Do you know last year's India Today's [br]survey shows that, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 the largest number of plastic surgeries [br]done in India of to remove breast in men 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 you got into that situation [br]where fruit is supposed to be healthy, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 is creating all that problems. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 It's not just pesticides or antibiotics[br]are growth hormones, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 which are used in production.[br]But also how they are processed. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 You might have heard the last one week[br]10 days doing rounds in all the media 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 artificially ripened fruits. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 But why fruits are ripened artificially? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 All of you want to fruits in off season.[br]How will they do it? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 If you want mangoes in May,[br]how do you get mangoes? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 You have to cut unripened one's [br]ripen it artificially and sell it. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Banana's which are seeing uniformed yellow[br] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 What are they? [br]They all are carbon ripen. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 The apples the shiny apples which you see,[br] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 What are they? When were they produced?[br]Where were they produced? Do you know? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 California apples, [br]you get apple from California 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Can you keep it fresh?[br]They are coated with wax. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Go back to your home, [br]take apple from your fridge. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Just scratch it. You'll see the wax. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We are eating all that. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 The watermelons which are red in color,[br] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 they are injected with injections, color. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 They are injected with growth hormones. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 The milk which is sold,[br]we have seen in news last several years, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 the reports which say, "The milk is [br]contaminated with synthetic milk." 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 If you want to have milk [br]at 40 rupees a liter thats what you get. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We want food cheaper, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and there is competition [br]between the companies 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 They pay low to the farmers, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 They also contaminate it [br]and get away with that. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 All brands that sold in Hyderabad,[br] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 prone to have contaminated with synthetic milk 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 GM Foods, How many of you know about this?[br]How many of you've heard about this? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 BT Brinjal, to tell you simply,[br]what BT Brinjal is? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 when pesticide is sprayed from outside [br]it damages the environment. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Like I said,"99% goes into the environment[br]only 1% kills the insect." 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So scientist thought why not we produce[br]pesticide in plant itself. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So plant produces insecticides.[br]So which ever insect eats plant will die. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 But what happens to us?[br]Who eats that. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So there are several bio safety questions[br]in front of us which were never addressed. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 What you see here, yellow, white,[br]golden rice which is going to come soon 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 You know why it was done?[br] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 They say "vitamin A deficiency [br]is serious problem, so we will produce 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 vitamin A in the plant." 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 If you eat that rice you can have [br]as much as vitamin A as possible. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 But do you know vitamin A is [br]fat soluble vitamin. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So it's not just enough to have vitamin A,[br]but you also need to have enough fat. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 But if you have enough fat in your food[br]you don't need golden rice. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 In 2005 we came across a farmer in Guntur,[br]Who was cultivating BT Bhendi. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We were shocked. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I said "How did you get it?" 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 He said,"Company gave me the seeds." 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We went to the company.[br]They said,"We are doing a trial." 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We went to the government.[br]Government said,"Yeah, That is seen." 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 They said, "You are not permitted."[br]Those were taken off in 2005. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 2013, similarly we came across a cotton, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Kerbside tolerant cotton which is grown.[br]No permissions. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 In 2009, when BT brinjal was permitted [br]there were public discussions. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 But It was the only time [br]there was for public discussion, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 to introduce whether we need a food or not[br]And it was banned. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Sometimes, some wise politicians [br]take better decisions. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 But by this we would have [br]flooded with GM foods. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Today there is case pending in[br]Supreme Court, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 there is expert committee appointed by[br]Supreme Court. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Which said, "We don't need this [br]for next 10 yrs. Let's wait." 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 There is parliament standing committee [br] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 which was appointed it also said [br]"We don't need." 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 But, you don't know how they are [br]going to come into your plate. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Food is not only useful energy[br]but also good for your health. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 It can treat many of the deceases.[br]Foot is a medicine. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 It can act as preventive medicine and[br]It can also act as a curative medicine. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I know many people who are working on[br]treating autism with good food. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Many of the problem which you are seeing 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Obesity, diabetes, blood pressure[br]all are because of the food which you eat. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 You need to make right choice[br]about your food. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Second, What food does to the environment. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Let's look at ecological footprints. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 How many you have seen rice fields?[br]Almost all, right. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 What comes to your mind [br]when we think of rice fields? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Full of water. How much water it takes[br]to produce an acre of rice?[br] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 6 million liters. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 6 million liters per acre of rice. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Which is equal to 100 families [br]annual consumption. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 1 family of 5 members eats about [br]a Kg of rice a day. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Which is equivalent to taker of water.[br]180 showers. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 All of us want to eat rice,[br]more and more water you'll need 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 in production of rice. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 You were making calculation 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 how much 1 meal of rice in Hyderabad [br]costs an environment? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 It's probably as big as, all over a dam. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We need to worry about,[br]the ecological footprints. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 It's not just about the water, [br]about pesticides, about growth hormone. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Everything. What agriculture leaves [br]before it comes to you plate? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Not just that. [br]What it does to farmers? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 The more and more pesticides you spray[br]insects get resistance. They don't work. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 First time you spray,[br]second time you spray 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 third time you spray it,[br]fifth time you drink. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 That's what we have seen [br]along farmer suicides. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 The fall outs of such things is [br]increasing cost of cultivation, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 but prices are not increasing. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 You know 1 Kg of rice costs [br]Rs. 2100/- as per government calcuations 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 But today price is on 1400 for farmers. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Today a ton of sugarcane is Rs. 2000/- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 A ton of firewood is Rs. 4000/-