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♪ [音乐］ ♪

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－现在我们知道了怎样发现最大利润点


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我们将要在平均成本曲线上图表展示利润的总量

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－所以 如我上次课程所说的 平均成本
就是出产的每个单位的消费

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也就是说 平均成本是全部的消费除以Q
现在还要记住总的消费可以

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分解成固定成本加上变量成本
所以 我们还可以

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将平均成本写成较长的公式

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平均成本等于固定成本除以Q加上

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变量成本除以Q－产量单位
这有点用因为

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我们能够明白 并的到启发 
对于一个典型的成本曲线的形状而言

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请注意固定成本不会因为Q的变化而改变
那就是为什么它们是固定的

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所以当Q是小数目的时候 这个数目
假设是一百 Q很小 那么

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这个数目将会很大就像100 除以1
当Q变大时 然而 这个数字

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固定成本除以Q－就会变小
所以当Q是10 数字100

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除以10 就是10。 所以它从100 降低
降低 降低 降低 降低


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越来越低 当你除以越来越大的数字

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而另一方面 变量成本随着数量而增加
还有

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在边际成本曲线上我们看到的是
在你的变量成本在某一点上

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将要比数量的增加更快
所以将要发生的事情就是

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在某点上的这个数字－变量成本除以数量


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将要变得越来越大 所以你有两件事
一种力来驱使成本降低

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那在开始尤其强烈

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然而最终的 第二种力量将要驱使平均成本增加

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那将是我们的典型平均成本曲线－
下降到达

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最低而后升高。 所以我们将它画成这般
好了 这是我们

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典型的边际成本曲线 
这是我们的边际收益曲线 与价格同等

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我们知道最大利润点是边际收益等于边际成本

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这是我们的平均成本曲线 注意它的形态
我描述过的

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它开始高 然后降低 达到最低线 然后
回到高处

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要注意的几个点是最低点
边际成本曲线

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穿过平均成本曲线的最低点

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这只是一个数学事实 让我给你们一些启发
我想谈谈平均成绩和边际成绩

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而不是成本。 所以假设你的平均成绩

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是80% 你的成绩很好
但是你的下一次考试仅仅得到60%

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－很低 这对你的平均成绩有什么影响呢？
当然它会使你的平均成绩降低

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的确 当你的边际低于平均 平均就会降低

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而另一方面 假设你下次考试得了80%，90%

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很好 那么对你的平均有什么影响呢？

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它提高了你的平均成绩 当你的边际高于平均 
平均就会升高

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现在假设 当你得了80%会发生的事 
你下一次考试也是80%

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那么你的边际就等于你的平均成绩

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那么 你的平均成绩就是平的－它不变
它是平的 但真实的是

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平均和边际成绩对平均和边际成本同理可循

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当边际成本低于平均， 平均成本就降低

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当边际成本高于平均 平均成本就升高
当边际等于平均的时候

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平均就是平坦的 也就是说
我们处在平均成本曲线的最低点

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好了 现在我们要用平均成本曲线

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来弄清楚利润－在涂上展示利润

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