[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.91,0:00:03.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we've talked about \Nhow climate change
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.81,0:00:05.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can mess with food supply,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.09,0:00:06.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but conflict can too.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.68,0:00:09.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Farmers flee, ports get cut off,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.06,0:00:11.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and bombs can devastate \Nthe utilities that irrigate land,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.51,0:00:12.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and keep the water clean.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.84,0:00:14.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's exactly what happened in Iraq.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.77,0:00:18.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's changing how people get \Nthe key ingredient in their national dish.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.29,0:00:23.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Tarek) {\i1}For thousands of years,{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.50,0:00:27.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}these marshes have provided\Nthe people of southern Iraq with fish.{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.03,0:00:29.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}Lots and lots of fish.{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.38,0:00:32.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}Carp has been the favorite here,{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.20,0:00:35.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}going back all the way to \Nwhen this area was part of Babylonia.{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.77,0:00:39.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}It is grilled and seasoned \Nto make masgouf,{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.20,0:00:41.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}which is now known\Nas Iraq's national dish.{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.85,0:00:45.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}Decades of war, invasion, \Nand political instability{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.71,0:00:48.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}have devastated the country's waterways.{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.16,0:00:53.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}But fish's place in Iraqi culture\Nis as strong as ever.{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.56,0:00:56.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}What has changed is how people get it.{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.85,0:01:01.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,TASTE OF A NATION
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.18,0:01:14.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Tarek) We are in the [unclear] marshes,\Nit's four in the morning,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.100,0:01:18.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're heading out with some fishermen \Nwho use electricity to catch their fish.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.64,0:01:21.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's an illegal form of fishing,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.31,0:01:23.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's one way for people to make money.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.87,0:01:31.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Samer) This is the generator, \Nand this is the converter.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.15,0:01:33.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It outputs two cables, live and ground.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.33,0:01:35.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The ground cable goes into the water.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.23,0:01:38.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the live cable\Nis attached to my net here.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.06,0:01:48.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the power stuns the fish to my net,\Nand I scoop it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.60,0:01:55.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Tarek) {\i1}Samer Kadhim comes to the marshes\Nfive times a week for electrofishing,{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.56,0:01:57.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}a method his father taught him{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.17,0:02:00.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}that helps him to quickly catch\Nlarge amounts of fish at once.{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.83,0:02:07.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}Electrofishing is illegal \Nin most countries, including Iraq,{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.59,0:02:11.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}because it can destroy ecosystems \Nand already fragile fish populations.{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.76,0:02:15.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Tarek) What kind of fish\Ndo you catch here?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.62,0:02:19.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Samer) We fish carp,\Ntilapia, and boshbosh.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.58,0:02:20.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is tilapia.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.60,0:02:22.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is boshbosh.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.18,0:02:27.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since it's an illegal job,\Naren't you afraid of getting arrested?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.61,0:02:29.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, I'm not afraid.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.38,0:02:31.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The police have nothing to do with it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.22,0:02:33.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't arrest you.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.95,0:02:35.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's how we get our daily income.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.83,0:02:40.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are four or five people\Nin each house,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.94,0:02:42.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a family.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.63,0:02:43.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have God and fishing.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.23,0:02:49.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}♪ And I sharpen them ♪{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.44,0:02:54.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}♪ the knives of time, I sharpen them ♪{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.96,0:03:01.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}♪ I sharpen them, and my father\Nnever had mercy on me ♪{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.20,0:03:06.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Tarek) {\i1}Abu Haider is a fisherman \Nand a tour guide.{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.25,0:03:07.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}He grew up in the marshes,{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.92,0:03:09.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}watched them changed,{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.37,0:03:11.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}and in the '90s, mourn their loss.{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.29,0:03:16.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}That's when then president\NSaddam Hussein drained the marshes--{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.07,0:03:18.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}the Middle East largest wetlands--{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.02,0:03:20.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}as a military strategy\Nto control his opposition.{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.53,0:03:25.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}Water returned to the marshes in 2003,\Nbut it wasn't the same.{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.82,0:03:34.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Abu Haider) When we lived here,\Nthe area was not like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.48,0:03:36.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The water was sweet.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.02,0:03:41.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We didn't filter the water,\Nand drank directly from the marsh.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.04,0:03:44.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If everything remains as it is,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.21,0:03:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what do you think would happen
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.92,0:03:48.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the marshes and its life in the future?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.33,0:03:50.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first shortage will be in fish.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.10,0:03:55.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The fish resources will dry out.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.36,0:04:01.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Tarek) {\i1}Pollution has made losing fish,\Nor at least one safe enough to eat,{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.91,0:04:03.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}a very real and looming threat.{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.80,0:04:08.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}But, for now, fish is savored, \Nespecially when it comes to masgouf,{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.76,0:04:13.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}and preparation is taken very seriously.{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.84,0:04:18.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Abu Haider) So, let's get them\Nin the the dishes.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.90,0:04:21.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Be careful. Don't burn your hand.\NTurn it upside down.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.50,0:04:24.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Move it like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.13,0:04:31.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Tarek) This is marshland fish.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.60,0:04:32.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Abu Haider) Marshland fish.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.17,0:04:35.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Tarek) Very tasty.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.27,0:04:39.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How much has the taste \Nof this fish changed
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.83,0:04:41.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in comparison to fish back in the day?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.53,0:04:46.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The days in the past were better.\NIn the '80s.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.64,0:04:48.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the '80s, the water\Nwas clean and clear.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.25,0:04:51.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was tastier than this fish.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.31,0:04:58.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Tarek) {\i1}The water from the marshes \Nflows south to Basra, Iraq's fish capital.{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.29,0:05:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}The quality of water here got so bad,{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.00,0:05:05.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}that in 2018, more than 100,000 people \Nwere hospitalized{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.71,0:05:08.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}with symptoms related\Nto contaminated water.{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.30,0:05:13.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}Widespread protests broke out against\Nwhat people believe caused the crisis--{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.03,0:05:16.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}government negligence and corruption.{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.28,0:05:21.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}The situation did little to change\NBasra's reputation for fish,{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.48,0:05:23.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}but restaurants have had to adjust.{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.62,0:05:31.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}[Mata'am Ma'a Shaari] is one of the city's\Nmost popular spots,{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.11,0:05:32.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}and specializes in masgouf.{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.14,0:05:38.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We usually bring the fish\Nand every day is fresh.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.94,0:05:43.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is actually raised in ponds,\Nit's not really from the river, you know.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.46,0:05:46.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Tarek) {\i1}They've turned away \Nfrom wild caught fish{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.85,0:05:48.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}in favor of those raised on farms,{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.97,0:05:52.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}which many owners see \Nas safer and more dependable.{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.90,0:06:00.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This cutting method\Nis specific to masgouf.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.76,0:06:03.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You go from the head to the tail.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.84,0:06:12.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Tarek) On a day like today,\Nwhich is Friday,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.03,0:06:13.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how many fish do you grill?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.73,0:06:17.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, around 80 or 80 or 70.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.20,0:06:27.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How important is masgouf to Iraqis?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.78,0:06:32.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Masgouf has really specific importance, \Nto be frank with you.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.01,0:06:33.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has a special taste, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.71,0:06:37.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like even the time they spend\Nwhen they grow the fish,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.13,0:06:39.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it gives value to the dish.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.35,0:06:40.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So people loves it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.46,0:06:44.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Tarek) {\i1}All the factors that threaten \Nthe country's fish{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.12,0:06:46.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}are not going away anytime soon.{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.45,0:06:50.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}But in some ways,\Nthey've made fish more appreciated,{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.56,0:06:54.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}a way to feel connected to what Iraq is...{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.45,0:06:55.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}and has been.{\i0}