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A Multiplicação do Dinheiro

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Agora que já sabemos como
definir a moeda,

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vejamos como os bancos podem
influir na oferta monetária,

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pelo sistema de reservas fracionárias.

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Imagine que você se formou
na faculdade

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e sua avó lhe dá $1000 em dinheiro,

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que ela vem guardando debaixo do
colchão desde os anos 1970.

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Você deposita esse dinheiro na
sua conta corrente.

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O que é que o banco faz com
o seu dinheiro?

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Será que ele guarda no cofre,
com o seu nome numa etiqueta?

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Não.

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Os bancos emprestam a maioria do dinheiro
para quem deseja tomar emprestado.

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E só mantêm em reserva uma
fração do seu dinheiro,

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disponível nos caixas automáticos,

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ou para sacar na boca do caixa.

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Por isso é que se chama de "sistema
de reservas fracionárias".

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Assim, que fração eles
mantêm em reserva?

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Bem, os bancos grandes nos
Estados Unidos

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precisam manter pelo menos $1 para
cada $10 depositados.

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Ou, como dizemos, os bancos grandes

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precisam ter uma reserva de 
pelo menos 10%.

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Mas os bancos normalmente têm
reservas maiores,

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dependendo da liquidez que desejem ter.

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Se um banco teme

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que seus clientes possam sacar
muito dinheiro amanhã,

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ou se os empréstimos deixaram
de ser muito lucrativos,

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vão manter uma reserva maior.

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Por isso, a fração pode ser
maior que 10%

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e pode mudar com o tempo.

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Por causa da reserva fracionária,

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