[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.58,0:00:21.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hi everyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.86,0:00:26.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm here to wake you up, because\NI'm speaking in English about Chinese.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.24,0:00:29.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, could get a little complicated, but --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.56,0:00:35.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to take you with me on a search\Nfor traces of culture in language.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.02,0:00:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because I feel that this\Ncan help us overcome
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.00,0:00:42.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the outer limits of cultural difference.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.54,0:00:46.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm taking Chinese\Nbecause I study Chinese,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.87,0:00:48.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Chinese is often thought,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.81,0:00:51.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chinese characters are often thought of,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.04,0:00:55.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as very simple pictures representing\Nwhat they're supposed to refer to.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.78,0:01:00.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because Chinese doesn't have\Na phonetic alphabet.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.05,0:01:01.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, if we look at this sign,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.83,0:01:05.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can try to guess what it means,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.43,0:01:09.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and maybe you guessed right,\Nit's actually just a painting of water.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.74,0:01:12.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the sign for water looks like water.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.26,0:01:16.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, there are many characters\Nin Chinese
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.38,0:01:19.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which will have much more profound\Nand poetic meaning,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.52,0:01:24.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they actually refer back\Nto their cultural and historic context.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.56,0:01:27.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I want to take an example,\Nthis is the word "xiang";
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.66,0:01:30.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it means "to miss someone".
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.16,0:01:32.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, it's composed\Nof 3 different characters.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.30,0:01:34.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the bottom we have heart,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.33,0:01:38.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is obvious\Nwhen you are missing someone.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.15,0:01:44.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the top we have, on the left, a tree,\Nand on the right, an eye.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.49,0:01:47.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, it's kind of weird.\NWhy do we have tree and eye
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.17,0:01:52.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or wood and sight together in the word,\Nwhich means to miss someone?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.95,0:01:57.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So to find this out, we have to go back\Naround 3,000 years in history,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.66,0:02:01.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and look at a Chinese divination book,\Nthe "I Jing",
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.41,0:02:03.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is also called\Nthe "Book of Changes",
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.74,0:02:06.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm sure you've all heard of it,\Nor some of you.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.47,0:02:10.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in it there is one sentence,\Nwhich is quite banal,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.27,0:02:12.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it combines these two words.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.34,0:02:15.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the sentence goes something like this:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.32,0:02:18.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we can see most of\Non Earth are trees.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.76,0:02:20.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, it's a very banal sentence.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.49,0:02:25.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But ever since this sentence,\Nthese two characters have been combined
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.83,0:02:30.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in different Chinese words\Nto have the meaning "to see".
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.25,0:02:32.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, if you remember this,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.16,0:02:34.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can look at this character\Nand think of a story.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.75,0:02:37.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Basically, in my heart,\NI'm thinking of a person,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.15,0:02:38.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've missed this person.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.90,0:02:41.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I get up, I go to the window,\Nand look out,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.04,0:02:42.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hoping to see this person,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.66,0:02:44.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but all I see is trees.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.58,0:02:50.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before I continue to the next character,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.58,0:02:53.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wanted to talk about another thing:\NMemory.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.17,0:02:57.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Memory is very important in our connection\Nto thought and language,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.32,0:03:00.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what I notice\Nwhen I was intensively studying Chinese,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.29,0:03:02.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that my memory started to change.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.36,0:03:04.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I started to get a photographic memory.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.95,0:03:06.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That means that\Nwhen I remembered words,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.98,0:03:10.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I started to remember\Nhow they looked on the page.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.01,0:03:13.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is something I couldn't do before.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.24,0:03:15.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another thing is,\Nthat when I started to dream in Chinese,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.84,0:03:20.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which happened around a year after I was\Nstudying the language and living in China,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.16,0:03:22.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I actually started to have\Na different dreamscape,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.74,0:03:25.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which felt and looked differently\Nin my dreams.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.58,0:03:27.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, these are all just different examples
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.82,0:03:30.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the neurological\Nand psychological process
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.94,0:03:34.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which goes on in our brain\Nwhen we're learning a new language.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.18,0:03:36.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Scientists have done\Na lot of research on this,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.88,0:03:40.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we found out that language is actually\Nthe fundament of our memory.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.79,0:03:42.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so when you learn a new language,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.80,0:03:46.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually, you're also learning\Na new way of remembering things,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.59,0:03:53.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also you have a new perspective\Non what it is you remember.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.39,0:03:55.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, the next character\NI want to talk about,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.30,0:04:02.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is one about individuality,\Nbecause it means I or me.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.26,0:04:06.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And before I explain the character\NI want to ask --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.20,0:04:08.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just think about it --\Nwhy has China --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.90,0:04:12.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why have Chinese scientists\Nand researchers and artists
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.42,0:04:14.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,won so few Nobel Prizes?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.79,0:04:19.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the truth is that China has won\Nremarkably few Nobel Prizes
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.45,0:04:21.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,compared to the size of its population.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.42,0:04:23.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can count them on your hands.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.83,0:04:25.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So why is this so?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.34,0:04:28.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Is it because China is not\Nan innovative country?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.68,0:04:32.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think far from it.\NThere's actually a different reason.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.36,0:04:34.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's take an example, in the 60's,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.65,0:04:40.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a Chinese research team developed\Na new way of producing synthetic insulin,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.60,0:04:44.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they were supposed\Nto be nominated for the Nobel Prize.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.24,0:04:48.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, the Nobel Prize Committee\Nasked the Chinese institute
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.13,0:04:51.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to submit the exact names\Nof the researchers
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.36,0:04:55.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who had made this discovery.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.20,0:05:00.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what the noble prize committee got,\Nwas a list of 230 names.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.99,0:05:03.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, it was everyone\Nin that Research Institute,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.74,0:05:06.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the director down\Nto the cleaning lady.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.94,0:05:09.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.23,0:05:12.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, basically they weren't nominated\Nand didn't win.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.73,0:05:16.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this this is a different perspective\Non individual achievement,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.02,0:05:20.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the way individual achievement\Ncontributes to the group.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.39,0:05:23.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can still find it today in,\Nfor example, the political context
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.87,0:05:25.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when harmony is emphasized.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.93,0:05:29.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or we find it in the scientific context
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.29,0:05:33.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we're talking about the difficulty\Nof intellectual property rights
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.26,0:05:36.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being put in place in China.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.67,0:05:40.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, basically this sign reflects\Nall of these thoughts.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.43,0:05:42.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because it's composed of two characters:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.70,0:05:45.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the left, we have a hand\Nwhich is grasping;
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.72,0:05:50.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the right, I don't know\Nif you can recognize it, an ax.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.15,0:05:53.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, basically, an ax can be a weapon,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.04,0:05:56.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it can also be an instrument, a tool.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.07,0:06:01.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I interpret this sign as meaning\Nthat an individual, I or me,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.31,0:06:04.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is someone who actually contributes\Nto the group,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.08,0:06:08.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,either by working for the group,\Nor by protecting the group.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.14,0:06:14.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To explain this sense of community,\NI wanted to take another example,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.29,0:06:16.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is eating.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.37,0:06:23.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Food is so important in Asian culture,\Nwe could talk about it until dinner time,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.01,0:06:24.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I'm just going to take\Nthis simple example,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.97,0:06:30.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and say that you'll never see\Na person eating alone in China.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.75,0:06:32.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, this is actually something,\Nif you think about it,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.84,0:06:34.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we do quite often ourselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.28,0:06:38.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We grab a sandwich on the go,\Nwe have a snack, we eat alone.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.27,0:06:40.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in China, there's a sentence,\Nthere's a phrase,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.92,0:06:43.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's "吃獨食",\N[Pinyin: chī dú shí]
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.14,0:06:46.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it means "to eat alone" word-for-word,\N"to eat alone".
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.81,0:06:48.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you say it about another person,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.88,0:06:51.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you say, "This person is eating alone,"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.38,0:06:54.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it actually means this person\Nis very egotistical,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.91,0:06:57.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and only thinks of him or herself.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.90,0:07:00.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, if you reflect on that,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.78,0:07:04.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you notice that eating together\Nwith other people
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.03,0:07:07.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a responsibility,\Na way of taking care of others,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.20,0:07:11.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's also the prerequisite\Nto experiencing culinary pleasures.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.80,0:07:15.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, to enjoy the food,\Nyou have to eat it with others.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.12,0:07:18.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's why Chinese tables\Nare mostly round.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.46,0:07:22.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even the act of paying for a dinner --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.21,0:07:25.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you're out in a group,\Nyou've eaten dinner,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.46,0:07:30.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they'll be one person, so: I will pay,\NI will pay because -- for everyone --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.03,0:07:34.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I know that next time,\Nsomeone else will pay for everyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.10,0:07:37.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, you may think this is of no interest\Nand it's like banal,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.92,0:07:41.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but actually it inscribes the relationship\Nbetween me and this group
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.42,0:07:43.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into a continuity, into time,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.100,0:07:46.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it produces a stability\Nand a sustainability
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.82,0:07:50.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the relationship\NI have with this group.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.69,0:07:56.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Finally, I want to come\Nto the third character I want to present
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.73,0:08:01.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is love,\Nso representing all emotions today.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.32,0:08:05.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And love is often thought to be universal,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.59,0:08:08.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we're supposed to\Nrecognize it everywhere,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.26,0:08:11.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it has the power\Nto overcome all limits.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.55,0:08:16.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, actually, if we start thinking about\Nthe way love is lived and perceived
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.42,0:08:20.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by individuals,\Nand inside of different cultures,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.37,0:08:24.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's actually a big difference\Nthe way we understand love to be.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.27,0:08:31.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, already in the West,\N83% of Americans feel
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.07,0:08:36.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that true love is possible\Nwithout physical fulfillment.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.42,0:08:42.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, only 34% of French people\Nagree to this.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.42,0:08:46.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we see then in France,\Nromantic words, language, literature,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.73,0:08:50.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is very important in relation to love.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.100,0:08:56.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Coming back to China, I would say\Nthat it's almost the opposite,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.30,0:08:59.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because in China many couples,\Nand also many married couples,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.40,0:09:05.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually, have never told each other the\Nthree magic words "I love you".
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.49,0:09:07.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we look at this sign --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.33,0:09:11.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,oh, yeah, by the way, being too romantic\Nin China, it seems insincere --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.87,0:09:16.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so guys remember this, could be useful.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.30,0:09:18.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.30,0:09:22.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, if we come back to the character --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.07,0:09:24.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you've already seen\Ntwo different characters --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.63,0:09:27.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so this one has the hand on top,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.33,0:09:29.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's held over a roof.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.77,0:09:32.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And under that roof we have one\Nwhich we could recognize,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.77,0:09:34.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's the heart -- again.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.61,0:09:37.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And under the heart,\Nwe have the sign for friendship,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.96,0:09:42.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is actually two hands\Nclasped into each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.66,0:09:44.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, if we take this thing seriously,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.90,0:09:48.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we understand that\Nthe Chinese notion of love,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.28,0:09:50.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is embedded in this word,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.93,0:09:55.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a notion of a feeling,\Nwhich is living together as a family,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.93,0:09:58.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and which becomes more valuable over time.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.99,0:10:03.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is relevant, because our idea\Nof romantic love is actually the opposite,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.12,0:10:06.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's something which is special\Nin the beginning.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.06,0:10:08.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's why, for example,\Nyoung couples in China,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.96,0:10:12.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they will try to marry very fast\Nafter they've met each other,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.48,0:10:15.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe even two or three months\Nafter they first met.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.65,0:10:19.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You will never see a Chinese couple\Nsplitting the bill,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.48,0:10:22.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,each person paying for themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.06,0:10:26.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why? Because, already,\Nthey have associated the concept of love
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.56,0:10:30.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the concept of family being one.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.09,0:10:35.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before I conclude, I wanted\Nto talk about fighting
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.28,0:10:38.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because fighting is important in emotion.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.40,0:10:43.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there's actually a quite -- almost --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.22,0:10:46.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well, many Chinese couples fight\Nin a special way,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.61,0:10:49.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is called "几天不说话",\N[Pinyin: jǐ tiān bù shuō huà]
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.76,0:10:53.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it means not to speak\Nfor several days --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.65,0:10:55.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it actually means\Nnot to speak to each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.98,0:10:58.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the silent treatment.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.55,0:11:01.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've actually witnessed this\Nwith a middle-aged couple,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.70,0:11:04.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they didn't speak to each other,\Nafter they got angry with each other,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.94,0:11:06.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for 7 days.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.42,0:11:09.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, 7 days they were cooking,\Nmaking meals for their kids,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.35,0:11:12.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doing everything as usual,\Nexcept in silence.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.44,0:11:15.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And after 7 days,\Nthey suddenly started to talk again
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.42,0:11:17.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as if everything was back to normal
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.08,0:11:23.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they didn't talk about\Nwhat they were upset about or the past.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.13,0:11:26.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, it's just from this type of phenomena,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.69,0:11:31.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we recognize that, actually,\Nwords and language
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.03,0:11:35.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,influence the way,\Nwe, as individuals, feel emotions.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.80,0:11:40.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And also that words are important,\Njust as important as objects,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.77,0:11:43.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they have just as much meaning\Nfor others, and weight,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.94,0:11:47.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we should be just as careful\Nhandling our words,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.65,0:11:54.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as we do when we're handing\Nmaterial objects.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.34,0:11:57.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, to finish I took this image.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.65,0:12:03.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a pictogram\Nfrom the Chinese sign for you,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.20,0:12:04.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's only part of the sign,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.57,0:12:09.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it actually represents,\Nwith some imagination maybe we --
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.16,0:12:15.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it represents threads on a loom,\Nmétier à tisser,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.02,0:12:17.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a cross into a pattern.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.81,0:12:22.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I wanted to take this image\Nas a symbol of our own personalities,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.39,0:12:25.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our own personalities made up\Nof many different strands,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.59,0:12:28.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're woven into a certain pattern,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.25,0:12:32.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the way we grew up\Nin our family and our culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.50,0:12:34.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, basically, learning\Na different language
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.79,0:12:38.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gifts you the opportunity\Nto untangle these strands,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.15,0:12:42.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and weave them again\Nin your own new and authentic pattern.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.65,0:12:46.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, what I want us to remember,\Nis that learning a language
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.83,0:12:49.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not learning\Nanother professional skill,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.94,0:12:53.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's actually giving yourself\Nthe opportunity to change.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.68,0:12:56.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example,\NI'm actually a German-American,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.65,0:12:58.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I live in France and in China,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.90,0:13:01.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and each time\NI switch languages or places,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.77,0:13:06.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I actually show a slightly new side\Nof my own personality.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.63,0:13:10.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, basically, learning\Na different culture or different language
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.30,0:13:12.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is an opportunity for change,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.25,0:13:16.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I want you to think that if you learn\Nan exotic language,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.89,0:13:18.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it might just be your own gateway
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.85,0:13:22.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a different way of dreaming,\Neating and loving.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.42,0:13:23.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.56,0:13:25.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)