[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.99,0:00:03.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I get out of bed for two reasons.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.34,0:00:07.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One, small-scale family farmers\Nneed more food.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.74,0:00:12.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's crazy that in 2019\Nfarmers that feed us are hungry.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.35,0:00:18.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And two, science needs to be\Nmore diverse and inclusive.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.68,0:00:22.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we're going to solve\Nthe toughest challenges on the planet,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.12,0:00:26.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like food insecurity for the millions\Nliving in extreme poverty,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.48,0:00:28.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's going to take all of us.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.68,0:00:31.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to use the latest technology
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.28,0:00:34.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the most diverse\Nand inclusive teams on the planet
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.60,0:00:36.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help farmers have more food.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.54,0:00:39.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm a computational biologist.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.45,0:00:42.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know -- what is that\Nand how is it going to help end hunger?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.88,0:00:46.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Basically, I like computers and biology
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.15,0:00:48.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and somehow,\Nputting that together is a job.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.62,0:00:49.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.72,0:00:51.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't have a story
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.27,0:00:54.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of wanting to be a biologist\Nfrom a young age.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.58,0:00:58.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The truth is, I played\Nbasketball in college.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.58,0:01:03.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And part of my financial aid package\Nwas I needed a work-study job.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.30,0:01:05.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So one random day,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.86,0:01:09.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wandered to the nearest building\Nto my dorm room.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.08,0:01:11.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it just so happens\Nit was the biology building.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.35,0:01:14.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I went inside and looked at the job board.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.49,0:01:17.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, this is pre-the-internet.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.43,0:01:20.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I saw a three-by-five card
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.46,0:01:23.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,advertising a job\Nto work in the herbarium.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.60,0:01:26.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I quickly took down the number,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.63,0:01:28.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it said "flexible hours,"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.36,0:01:31.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I needed that to work around\Nmy basketball schedule.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.20,0:01:36.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I ran to the library\Nto figure out what an herbarium was.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.82,0:01:39.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.05,0:01:40.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it turns out
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.38,0:01:44.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an herbarium is where they store\Ndead, dried plants.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.38,0:01:47.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was lucky to land the job.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.12,0:01:50.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So my first scientific job
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.35,0:01:55.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was gluing dead plants onto paper\Nfor hours on end.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.71,0:01:58.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.01,0:02:00.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's so glamorous.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.18,0:02:03.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is how I became\Na computational biologist.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.32,0:02:05.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During that time,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.53,0:02:08.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,genomics and computing were coming of age.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.28,0:02:10.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I went on to do my masters
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.70,0:02:13.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,combining biology and computers.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.82,0:02:14.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During that time,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.01,0:02:16.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I worked at Los Alamos National Lab
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.82,0:02:19.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the theoretical biology\Nand biophysics group.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.78,0:02:23.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it was there I had my first encounter\Nwith the supercomputer,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.53,0:02:25.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and my mind was blown.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.84,0:02:27.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With the power of supercomputing,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.90,0:02:32.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is basically thousands\Nof connected PCs on steroids,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.15,0:02:37.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we were able to uncover the complexities\Nof influenza and hepatitis C.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.13,0:02:40.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it was during this time\Nthat I saw the power
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.49,0:02:44.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of using computers\Nand biology combined, for humanity.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.63,0:02:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I wanted this to be my career path.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.03,0:02:49.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, since 1999,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.83,0:02:52.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've spent the majority\Nof my scientific career
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.55,0:02:54.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in very high-tech labs,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.51,0:02:57.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,surrounded by really expensive equipment.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.71,0:02:59.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So many ask me
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.38,0:03:03.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how and why do I work\Nfor farmers in Africa.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.80,0:03:06.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, because of my computing skills,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.13,0:03:10.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in 2013, a team of East African scientists
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.69,0:03:14.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,asked me to join the team\Nin the plight to save cassava.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.77,0:03:22.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cassava is a plant whose leaves and roots\Nfeed 800 million people globally.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.64,0:03:26.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And 500 million in East Africa.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.99,0:03:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's nearly a billion people
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.02,0:03:31.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,relying on this plant\Nfor their daily calories.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.58,0:03:36.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If a small-scale family farmer\Nhas enough cassava,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.45,0:03:38.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she can feed her family
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.62,0:03:42.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she can sell it at the market\Nfor important things like school fees,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.69,0:03:44.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,medical expenses and savings.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.75,0:03:49.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But cassava is under attack in Africa.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.66,0:03:54.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whiteflies and viruses\Nare devastating cassava.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.59,0:03:56.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whiteflies are tiny insects
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.82,0:03:59.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that feed on the leaves\Nof over 600 plants.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.66,0:04:01.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are bad news.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.49,0:04:02.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are many species;
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.67,0:04:04.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they become pesticide resistant;
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.97,0:04:09.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they transmit hundreds\Nof plant viruses
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.24,0:04:11.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that cause cassava brown streak disease
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.79,0:04:13.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and cassava mosaic disease.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.08,0:04:16.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This completely kills the plant.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.04,0:04:18.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if there's no cassava,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.88,0:04:22.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's no food or income\Nfor millions of people.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.14,0:04:26.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It took me one trip to Tanzania
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.64,0:04:29.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to realize that these women\Nneed some help.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.40,0:04:33.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These amazing, strong,\Nsmall-scale family farmers,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.68,0:04:34.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the majority women,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.97,0:04:36.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are doing it rough.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.74,0:04:39.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't have enough food\Nto feed their families,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.20,0:04:40.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's a real crisis.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.53,0:04:43.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happens is
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.05,0:04:46.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they go out and plant fields of cassava\Nwhen the rains come.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.07,0:04:47.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nine months later,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.80,0:04:50.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's nothing, because of these\Npests and pathogens.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.90,0:04:53.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I thought to myself,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.08,0:04:56.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how in the world can farmers be hungry?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.82,0:04:59.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I decided to spend\Nsome time on the ground
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.16,0:05:00.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the farmers and the scientists
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.86,0:05:03.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to see if I had any skills\Nthat could be helpful.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.43,0:05:07.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The situation on the ground is shocking.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.31,0:05:11.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The whiteflies have destroyed the leaves\Nthat are eaten for protein,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.60,0:05:15.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the viruses have destroyed the roots\Nthat are eaten for starch.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.59,0:05:18.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An entire growing season will pass,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.06,0:05:22.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the farmer will lose\Nan entire year of income and food,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.20,0:05:25.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the family will suffer\Na long hunger season.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.94,0:05:28.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is completely preventable.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.05,0:05:29.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If the farmer knew
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.39,0:05:32.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what variety of cassava\Nto plant in her field,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.48,0:05:36.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was resistant\Nto those viruses and pathogens,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.83,0:05:38.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they would have more food.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.76,0:05:41.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have all the technology we need,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.62,0:05:44.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the knowledge and the resources
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.85,0:05:47.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not equally distributed\Naround the globe.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.71,0:05:51.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what I mean specifically is,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.30,0:05:53.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the older genomic technologies
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.17,0:05:56.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that have been required\Nto uncover the complexities
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.06,0:05:59.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in these pests and pathogens --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.15,0:06:02.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these technologies were not made\Nfor sub-Saharan Africa.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.06,0:06:05.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They cost upwards of a million dollars;
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.42,0:06:07.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they require constant power
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.34,0:06:09.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and specialized human capacity.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.97,0:06:12.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These machines are few\Nand far between on the continent,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.86,0:06:17.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is leaving many scientists\Nbattling on the front lines no choice
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.50,0:06:19.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but to send the samples overseas.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.52,0:06:21.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when you send the samples overseas,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.51,0:06:24.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,samples degrade, it costs a lot of money,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.16,0:06:27.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and trying to get the data back\Nover weak internet
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.35,0:06:28.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is nearly impossible.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.14,0:06:33.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So sometimes it can take six months\Nto get the results back to the farmer.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.46,0:06:35.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And by then, it's too late.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.24,0:06:36.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The crop is already gone,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.85,0:06:40.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which results in further poverty\Nand more hunger.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.31,0:06:43.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We knew we could fix this.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.99,0:06:45.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2017,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.42,0:06:50.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we had heard of this handheld,\Nportable DNA sequencer
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.23,0:06:52.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called an Oxford Nanopore MinION.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.76,0:06:56.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was being used\Nin West Africa to fight Ebola.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.94,0:06:58.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we thought:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.46,0:07:01.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why can't we use this\Nin East Africa to help farmers?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.77,0:07:06.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, what we did was we set out to do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.61,0:07:09.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the time, the technology was very new,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.33,0:07:12.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and many doubted we could\Nreplicate this on the farm.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.88,0:07:14.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we set out to do this,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.22,0:07:18.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of our "collaborators" in the UK
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.12,0:07:21.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,told us that we would never\Nget that to work in East Africa,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.78,0:07:23.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let alone on the farm.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.86,0:07:25.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we accepted the challenge.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.93,0:07:32.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This person even went so far as to bet us\Ntwo of the best bottles of champagne
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.41,0:07:35.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we would never get that to work.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.87,0:07:38.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two words:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.47,0:07:39.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pay up.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.65,0:07:41.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.85,0:07:45.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.02,0:07:48.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pay up, because we did it.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.96,0:07:52.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We took the entire high-tech molecular lab
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.27,0:07:55.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the farmers of Tanzania,\NKenya and Uganda,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.94,0:07:57.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we called it Tree Lab.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.94,0:08:00.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what did we do?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.16,0:08:02.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, first of all,\Nwe gave ourselves a team name --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.76,0:08:04.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's called the Cassava Virus\NAction Project.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.96,0:08:06.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We made a website,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.34,0:08:09.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we gathered support from the genomics\Nand computing communities,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.97,0:08:11.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and away we went to the farmers.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.41,0:08:15.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything that we need for our Tree Lab
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.24,0:08:17.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is being carried by the team here.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.68,0:08:21.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of the molecular and computational\Nrequirements needed
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.75,0:08:25.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to diagnose sick plants is there.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.43,0:08:28.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's actually all\Non this stage here as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.16,0:08:32.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We figured if we could get the data\Ncloser to the problem,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.77,0:08:34.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and closer to the farmer,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.41,0:08:37.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the quicker we could tell her\Nwhat was wrong with her plant.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.17,0:08:40.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And not only tell her what was wrong --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.07,0:08:41.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,give her the solution.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.48,0:08:42.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the solution is,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.83,0:08:45.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,burn the field and plant varieties
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.48,0:08:48.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are resistant to the pests\Nand pathogens she has in her field.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.94,0:08:54.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the first thing that we did\Nwas we had to do a DNA extraction.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.17,0:08:56.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we used this machine here.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.05,0:09:00.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's called a PDQeX,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.27,0:09:04.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which stands for\N"Pretty Damn Quick Extraction."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.19,0:09:06.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.26,0:09:07.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.77,0:09:10.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My friend Joe is really cool.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.39,0:09:14.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the biggest challenges\Nin doing a DNA extraction
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.78,0:09:18.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is it usually requires\Nvery expensive equipment,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.12,0:09:19.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and takes hours.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.54,0:09:21.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But with this machine,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.06,0:09:23.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've been able to do it in 20 minutes,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.84,0:09:25.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at a fraction of the cost.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.11,0:09:27.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this runs off of a motorcycle battery.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.16,0:09:34.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From there, we take the DNA extraction\Nand prepare it into a library,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.33,0:09:36.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,getting it ready to load on
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.13,0:09:40.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to this portable, handheld\Ngenomic sequencer,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.45,0:09:41.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is here,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.62,0:09:45.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we plug this\Ninto a mini supercomputer,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.39,0:09:47.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is called a MinIT.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.73,0:09:51.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And both of these things are plugged\Ninto a portable battery pack.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.57,0:09:54.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we were able to eliminate
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.47,0:09:56.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the requirements\Nof main power and internet,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.90,0:10:00.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are two very limiting factors\Non a small-scale family farm.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.81,0:10:04.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Analyzing the data quickly\Ncan also be a problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.03,0:10:08.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this is where me being\Na computational biologist came in handy.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.38,0:10:11.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All that gluing of dead plants,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.64,0:10:13.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all that measuring,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.22,0:10:15.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all that computing
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.24,0:10:19.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,finally came in handy\Nin a real-world, real-time way.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.41,0:10:22.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was able to make customized databases
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.49,0:10:27.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we were able to give the farmers\Nresults in three hours
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.11,0:10:28.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,versus six months.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.69,0:10:36.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.08,0:10:40.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The farmers were overjoyed.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.80,0:10:44.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how do we know\Nthat we're having impact?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.62,0:10:46.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nine moths after our Tree Lab,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.64,0:10:49.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Asha went from having\Nzero tons per hectare
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.90,0:10:51.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to 40 tons per hectare.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.93,0:10:53.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She had enough to feed her family
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.75,0:10:56.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she was selling it at the market,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.47,0:10:59.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she's now building a house\Nfor her family.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.21,0:11:01.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah, so cool.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.40,0:11:05.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.67,0:11:07.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how do we scale Tree Lab?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.94,0:11:09.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The thing is,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.34,0:11:11.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,farmers are scaled already in Africa.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.47,0:11:13.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These women work in farmer groups,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.38,0:11:17.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so helping Asha actually helped\N3,000 people in her village,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.53,0:11:21.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because she shared the results\Nand also the solution.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.67,0:11:25.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember every single\Nfarmer I've ever met.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.66,0:11:30.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their pain and their joy
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.25,0:11:32.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is engraved in my memories.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.96,0:11:34.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our science is for them.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.71,0:11:40.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tree Lab is our best attempt\Nto help them become more food secure.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.18,0:11:42.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I never dreamt
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.99,0:11:45.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the best science\NI would ever do in my life
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.96,0:11:49.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would be on that blanket in East Africa,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.48,0:11:51.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the highest-tech genomic gadgets.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.31,0:11:54.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But our team did dream
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.79,0:11:59.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we could give farmers answers\Nin three hours versus six months,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.08,0:12:00.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we did it.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.54,0:12:04.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because that's the power\Nof diversity and inclusion in science.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.16,0:12:06.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.33,0:12:09.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.51,0:12:13.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Cheers)