(Bell)

(Bell)

(Bell)

Dear respected Thay,
dear brothers and sisters, dear friends,

good morning.

Today is Sunday the 28th of October

and we are in the Dharma Nectar Temple
of Plum Village, Lower Hamlet.

In this retreat we have been looking into
the 14 mindfulness trainings

of the Order of Interbeing.

The Order of Interbeing was formed by Thay
in the mid 1960's

at the time of the Vietnam War.

There was a great need

for some understanding and compassion

in order to take care of the hatred and
violence that was happening in the country.

The 14 mindfulness trainings have to do
with how we live our daily lives,

how we live in the world.

How we respond to issues in the world

by our way of thinking,

our attitude or our view.

So these 14 mindfulness trainings
help us to see very clearly

the impact of our thinking,

of our speaking and actions

on our environment, and on the world,
and on the way we live together.

These trainings

they really express a mind of true love

and the insight that happiness
is not an individual matter.

They are the 14 mindfulness trainings
of the Order of Interbeing

that was founded by Thay

but they can be practiced by anyone.
You don't need to be

an official member
of the Order of Interbeing

in order to practice
the 14 mindfulness trainings.

In fact, the more people
they practice them, the better.

So, you may like

to have a look at them by yourself

and study them

to see in what way the resonate for you.

Especially in the light of
the state of the world.

The more I study
these 14 mindfulness trainings

the more my heart rejoices.
Because I see a way out,

I can see a way that can lead to
healing and transformation,

not just of myself
but of the whole of humanity.

And that uplifts my spirit
and gives me a lot of joy.

These 14 mindfulness trainings
we are all capable of practicing them,

of applying them in our daily life.

To practice these 14 mindfulness trainings
it's very good to have a sangha,

a place of refuge
to do it together with others.

Because with a sangha we can share
our joys and our difficulties

and we can -

Excuse me.

Interacting with others
will reveal our habit energies.

And as I said before,
especially our habit energies of thinking.

A thinking is
the foundation of everything.

Whatever we say, whatever we do,
we have already thought.

So becoming aware of our thinking

and the inclination of our thinking
is very important.

Because that is
where the transformation starts.

It's very good to have a sangha
to practice with.

The sangha is like what we call
a "kalyanamitra",

it means, a spiritual friend.

And a spiritual friend is somebody

who knows how to skillfully
point things out to us.

A habit we have of speaking or acting
that has it's roots in our thinking.

They will be able to say it in a way
that we can receive it.

And that will help us to recognize
the effect of our actions.

So to have a kalyanamitra
is very precious.

On the other hand,

do we know how to be a kalyanamitra?

If you like to have a kalyanamitra

it is very good to first become
our own kalyanamitra,

to develop the qualities
of a kalyanamitra in ourselves

so we can help ourselves and then
we can help others also on this path.

So these 14 mindfulness trainings
help us to see very clearly

the impact of our thinking,
speaking and actions

on our environment, the world
and how we live together.

They are really guidelines
for everyday living.

Most what we call precepts,
they are prohibitions.

And they begin
with bodily actions.

In the 14 mindfulness trainings,
we used to call them precepts,

now we call them trainings,

like we call the 5 precepts
the 5 mindfulness trainings also.

The 14 mindfulness trainings
begin with the mind.

And the Noble Eightfold Path
also begins with the mind.

And this shows the importance
that the Buddha gave to the mind,

the actions of the mind.

So the 14 mindfulness trainings,
there are 3 categories.

The first category are the mindfulness
trainings 1 to 7

and they concern primarily the mind.

The second is the 8th and the 9th
mindfulness trainings

and they concern the speech.

From 10th to 14th
is primarily our bodily actions.

But our actions of mind, of course,
and speech, and body,

have the mind as their foundation.

So when we practice
these 14 mindfulness trainings,

we are practicing to transcend our greed,
our anger, our hatred

and our delusions.

And we cultivate compassion and wisdom.

They also help us to look into
and to understand

the nature of interbeing of all that is.

This means that
nothing can exist by itself,

everything is because of
many causes and conditions.

We are because of
many causes and conditions.

We know that without the air,
without water, without the earth,

without fire, warmth, the Sun, the Moon,
we can't live.

So we are because of
many causes and conditions.

And we are as we are
because of many causes and conditions.

We are as we are,
how we have nourished ourselves,

our body and our mind.

When we wake up in the morning,
and if our body and mind feels light,

it is very likely we had a light meal
the evening before.

If we had a party the evening before

we may wake up not so fresh. Right?

We may have something
that is called a hangover.

I don't know if anybody here
still has those,

since we are all practicing very well,

but just to be aware

of how we nourish ourselves

with the food and the drink
that we take in.

What is the effect that this has
on our body and our mind?

You are what you eat.

I would say, we are what we eat,
what we drink, what we think.

What we see, what we hear,
what we smell, what we touch.

Because everything that we take in
through our sense doors

waters seeds in us. It waters seeds
in our store consciousness.

Store consciousness is that function of
our consciousness that keeps everything.

It holds all our potential.

And our potential is what we call a seed.

We have the capacity to be happy.

So we say we have a seed of happiness.

We have the capacity to be joyful,
we have a seed of joy.

We also have the capacity to be angry.
So we have a seed of anger.

We have a seed of hatred, we have
a seed of greed, a seed of discrimination.

All of us have these potentials.
We all have the same.

But in some of us,
some are stronger than others.

And they are stronger because we may have
inherited the strength of a seed

from our parents, or our grandparents,
or ancestors,

our society, our nation.

And we have, out of ignorance,
allowed certain seeds to be watered in us

that would had been better
not to be watered.

With the practice of mindfulness,
we have a say in what seed will be watered

in our store consciousness.

That is what we'd like
to talk about a little bit today.

The practice of the mindfulness trainings
help us to become aware

of the seeds that are being watered
in our store consciousness.

So for me they are a sort of empowerment.

Now I am empowered.

It doesn't mean that I have received them
so I am empowered, no.

I have come in contact with them, I've
read them, I've become aware of them.

And I'm empowered now.

Now I have a say in which seeds
are going to be watered

in my store consciousness.

And the foundation of this here
is the practice of mindfulness.

Mindfulness means
bringing body and mind together.

Often we will find that our body is here
and our mind is there.

Whatever the 'there' is.

Maybe outside or it may be
at the other side of the globe.

Or who knows, on the Moon.

But very, very far away.

Could be in the past or in the future.

Or being carried away
by something in the present.

And mindfulness means to bring our mind
there where our body is.

It means here, whatever that 'here' is.

To bring the mind home to the body,
the home...

Our body is the first home of our mind.
It is 'the' home of our mind.

So to bring our mind home to the body.

So maybe with a sound of the bell
we shall practice just that.

As we hear the sound of the bell,

the sound of the bell is happening
in the present moment.

Like our body is also a happening,
our body is not static, it is a happening.

So the bell, which is a happening,

helps us to bring our mind 
home to our body,

to see what is happening in our body.

So let us enjoy the sound of the bell
and bring our mind home to our body

and maybe scan our body
from the top of our head

all the way down to the tip of our toes.

And if anywhere in our body
we find some tension,

to acknowledge it,

to acknowledge its presence and
to gently breathe with it for a moment

before we continue scanning our body.

To be with it and breathing it
may soften the tension

or whatever it is
that you feel in your body.

(Bell)

When I did the body scan,

I was relaxing my body

and after I had finished the body scan
I sort of remained aware of my body

and at the same time I became aware of
what was happening around me.

And I realized

it's raining outside.

It sounded so loud!

Inside it was very quiet

inside in the hall and maybe also
inside of my mind.

So the rain sounded loudly.

When we bring our mind home to our body,

we became aware of
what is happening inside of our body

and we can take care of it.

And we also become aware of
what is happening around us.

The mindfulness trainings

give us an ethical

way of life.

Every training () an ethical action.

And that is an action
that benefits everyone.

It is truly based on non-duality,

on the fact that happiness
is not an individual matter.

And on compassion.

The 14 mindfulness trainings,
we practice them to change ourselves

so we can bring about a change in society.

And that society can go in the direction
of understanding and compassion.

Thay says, 'By living
a joyful and a mindful life'.

So the practice is not only mindful,
to live mindfully,

but also it leads us to live joyfully.

So living mindfully
is not a serious matter.

When we look at these trainings,
we both see

that the most important aspect
of these trainings is

never to abandon anyone.
They are very inclusive.

They don't leave anyone
lying to the side of the road

who is in need of help.

So today we would like to look at
the 6th and the 7th mindfulness trainings,

and we would like to look at them
in the light of Right Diligence.

And I will read
the 6th mindfulness training

in case you don't have the text.

The 6th mindfulness training

shows us how we can
take care of our anger.

"Aware that anger blocks communication
and creates suffering,

we are committed to taking care of
the energy of anger when it arises

and to recognizing and transforming
the seeds of anger

that lie deep in our consciousness.

When anger manifests, we are determined
not to do or say anything,

but to practice mindful breathing
or mindful walking

to acknowledge, embrace,
and look deeply into our anger.

We know that the roots of anger
are not outside of ourselves

but can be found in our wrong perceptions

and lack of understanding of the suffering
in ourselves and others.

By contemplating impermanence,

we will be able to look with
the eyes of compassion at ourselves

and at those we think
are the cause of our anger,

and to recognize the preciousness
of our relationships.

We will practice Right Diligence

in order to nourish our capacity of
understanding, love, joy, and inclusiveness

gradually transforming our anger,
violence, and fear,

and helping others do the same."

We are committed to taking care of
the energy of anger when it arises.

This is already a practice by itself.

We may have got angry in the past

and somebody tells us: 'You're angry.'

And we say: 'I am not angry.'

You know... no!

I mean, in a way, that is clear

that we are angry.

So to recognize it, you know?

And to take care of it
from the moment it arises.

Sometimes we need somebody else
to point out that we are angry.

In the first instance,
we may not recognize it.

How can we recognize anger
before it arises?

First of all, we have to know
that we have a seed of anger.

It may not manifest very often,

but when it does maybe very gently,
but we do have a seed.

And when causes and conditions
are sufficient, it will arise.

So we have these seeds 
in our store consciousness.

One of our practices is

to not water the seed of anger in us.

To avoid watering the seed of anger.

Thay says we can ask others to help us.

If there is something that

maybe a loved one, a friend,
or somebody in the sangha

does or says that touches,
that waters our seed of anger,

we can ask them:

'Please, know that when you say
something in that way,

or when you act in that way,
it waters my seed of anger.

Could you please support me

by not watering my seed of anger?

I'm happy to hear
what you have to tell me,

but could you find another way
of telling me this?'

And if we ourselves can think of a way
that we will able to hear

what somebody else wants to tell us,
we can give them some suggestions.

Maybe they can start by:

'It is my perception that'

instead of 'You do this'.

It is my perception.

Maybe we can point out that
we have a perception which may be wrong.

But I would like to share
that perception with you anyway.

And the best way

to support others

in interacting with us like that

is to interact with them the way
we would like them to interact with us.

And again, for me this is an empowerment.

I can be part of this process.

I'm not just there as a victim

of the interactions with others.
But I can be part of this.

So a seed of anger

may be watered by what we hear,
what others tell us.

We don't always

can give input how other people
tell us something.

So what to do then?

Then it's good to take some time

to reflect.

And to ask the question,
is there any truth in what they say?

This is what I try to practice.
Is there truth in what they say?

Then sometimes the answer is,
I don't see any truth.

And sometimes the answer is,
maybe a little bit.

So I just take that little bit,
I do not need to take everything.

I take that little bit.

And I can look and I can see

what is the root of my action

that my friend gives some feedback about.

Where does it come from?

Maybe before I continue
we can have another sound of the bell.

(Bell)

(Bell)

Maybe that way of responding

was also the way of responding
of our mother or our father.

And we have inherited, we are continuing
our mother and our father in that way.

And as we continue to practice,

we realize we are not only transforming
ourselves, we're also practicing

transforming our parents.

We are their continuation,

whatever we transform, we transform also
for our parents and for our ancestors.

If at the root of our action
there was fear,

maybe our parents had fear.

Maybe our father, our mother
had a strong seed of fear.

And maybe fear
was the root of her action

that our friend gave some feedback about.

And fear always has to do
with the unknown.

We don't fear the past,
we fear the future.

We do not know what is going to happen
in the future.

It is unknown.

And whatever is unknown, we fear.

Is it going to be

of benefit to me or not?
It is going to

be good for me or not?

I find the best way of taking care of fear
as it comes up

is to remain firmly established
in the present moment.

Because in the present moment,
I can see what is happening.

I do not know what will happen
in the next moment,

but when the next moment
becomes the present moment,

I can see what is happening.

And the image I have is,

I walk through a tunnel,

or let's say, yes,
let's keep it a tunnel,

that is what I use to use.
I walk through a tunnel, and it's dark.

And I don't know what is in the tunnel.

But I can touch

the wall of the tunnel with my hands,
and of course, with my feet.

So I touch the wall so I get to know
what is happening right now,

what is the present moment like right now.

And I'm aware of my feet on the ground,
and I know what it is like.

And then, very carefully,
I put my feet forward,

and then, my foot touches
the ground in front of me.

I'm already in the present moment then.
And I know I can take that step.

If I put my foot and there is nothing,

I still don't know,
and I won't take the step,

because the fear is still there.

So I take my foot back and
I try a little bit to do right or left.

You see what I mean.

So I found out if I have this image,

if I walk, if I always stay
in the present moment

and don't think: there is light
at the end of the tunnel,

I rush towards the end,

I may fall in a hole,
I may stumble over something

because I'm not in the present moment.

I'm trying to run to the future
to know what is at the end of the tunnel.

But I have the whole tunnel to go through.

So if I stay in the present moment

and the future comes to us, if you like.
We don't have to run to the future.

So wait to the next moment to come

and then in that moment
I can see what is happening

and I can respond in an appropriate way.

I cannot respond
in an appropriate way to the future,

I don't know exactly
what is going to happen.

I can make plans, yes,
we have to make plans,

but we may need to adjust the plans when
that future becomes the present moment.

So that was the seed of fear.

Another way when there is fear in me,
there is fear present right now,

we have a practice. Breathing in,
I am aware fear is present in me now.

Breathing out, I take good care
of the fear, I embrace it.

Or I smile to my fear.

Maybe it's my practice,
I'm not yet very good at doing this,

and I don't necessarily succeed.

It doesn't calm my fear.

So then, I bring my mind home to my body,
because I know what is in my mind

is also manifested in my body
in some way or another,

in some place in my body.

So I bring my mind home to my body

and I do a body scan, as we did just now,

and when I find a strong sensation,

a physical sensation, I think:

That is my fear. And I can breathe
with this physical sensation.

I bring my mind to that part of my body

and I breathe while I just stay with it.

At times, I feel I go back to a story

but I'm no longer
with the physical sensation.

So then, I bring my mind
back to the physical sensation

every time I notice
I have been carried away by the story.

And slowly, slowly, by being with it,

this sensation kind of becomes softer

and it feels like it melts away.

Then, miracle, oh miracle,

the fear is no longer present in my mind
as a mental formation.

And then, a very important point.

At that point we should not
go back to the story and bring it back.

Because that brings immediately
the fear back.

Leave the story.

And first,

we need to calm ourselves,
to find stability,

maybe to practice walking meditation

to come back to our steps
as they touch the earth.

In, in, in, out, out out.

So that we walk really very firmly
established in the present moment.

We may water some seeds
of joy, of happiness

as a counterbalance to the fear.

Then, this may take a few days
or maybe weeks,

when we feel now we have enough

stability, enough calm, enough peace,
enough joy, happiness,

to look at the fear.

What is it that I am afraid of?

The unknown, yes.

But what is it about this unknown?

And we may find

that we are going to go on a long journey,
to a country we don't know.

We do not know what we will find there.

And once we know what we are afraid of,
it is much easier to be with that fear,

and we will also be able
to do something about it.

If we travel to another country,
we may find out

by asking other people or by reading,
what we could expect when we go there.

And at the same time,

we continue to strengthen our capacity
to dwell in the present moment,

to be part of the journey as we journey.

To journey along with the journey
at to not to run ahead of the journey

so that we can respond to
every situation we encounter

from a place of calm and clarity.

We were speaking also about anger.

So to see what is the root of our anger.

But first, the mindfulness training
advises us not to do or say anything.

This is quite a practice.

Not to do or to say anything.

But we also get immediately
the practice to do.

We turn to our breathing
and mindful walking

and to acknowledge that we are angry.

And then to look deeply.

Often,

the roots of our anger
maybe found in ourselves,

we may have wrong perceptions.

Somebody said something,

and we think
they said it on purpose to hurt us.

They were unskillful.

They may not have been wanting to hurt us.
They may just have been unskillful.

They may not even have known that
what they are going to say would hurt us.

They said it to somebody else
and nothing happened.

So why would it hurt somebody else?
Why would it hurt us?

We may also not understand

that somebody else may said or
done something out of their own suffering.

I think we know ourselves very well.
When we suffer,

it is not so obvious and not so easy
to practice loving speech.

It takes some practice

to practice loving speech at all times.

Especially when our suffering considers
the person we are speaking to.

Maybe they upset us.

We suffer,

and when we speak to them,

there is no loving kindness.

This practice of not do or say anything
especially when we are angry,

can be quite challenging,
because, how do we do this?

When we live in a community,
and then we get angry with somebody,

don't we say anything
to the person at all?

At all times?

That is maybe not the best way
of not saying anything.

So how can we keep on interacting

but not address the issue
that made us angry?

For me, that is what is meant by
'not to say anything'.

Otherwise, if we all would,
in our community,

we are angry with somebody, I'm upset
so I'm not speaking to that person,

maybe we would be a very silent community.

(Laughter)

We all get angry at times.

So it's a real practice
to keep on communicating

in a 'civil' way, if you like, mindfully,

but not address the issue
until we have calmed down.

And maybe looked into ourselves
what actually happened for us.

Here in Plum Village,

when we are in a meeting
or just with a group, sitting together,

if there is something that has upset us,

something that somebody said that 
upsets us or watered our seeds of anger,

we can join our palms, bow and say,
'Please, excuse me. I just would like

to absent myself, be absent, I'd like to
go and do some walking meditation

or get a cup pf tea'.

And we can go out and practice walking
meditation and take care of the anger

that has arisen in us.

So these practices also are very important
in any kind of relationship.

And maybe it's just a matter
in your relationships

to bring this space
within the relationships,

that when we are angry, we can just
withdraw for a moment.

If we work in an office,
if that still happens nowadays,

most people work from home,
I just read somewhere,

we can just say, 'Excuse me,
I just need to...'

go to the bathroom or something. And
we can breathe and take care of our anger.

And come back again more calm.

It's not ourselves, we will benefit
from that but everybody else also.

By contemplating impermanence, we will be
able to look with the eyes of compassion

at ourselves and others.

And recognize the preciousness
of our relationships.

I think it is also good to
look at the impermanence

in general.

When I look back

at the previous generation,

my previous generation,

they have all already passed away.

And it struck me that when, for instance,

my grandfather, my grandmother
passed away,

yes I missed them,

but I also noticed I had a regret.

Maybe something I didn't do
that I know would have made them happy,

or maybe something I did

that I realized
did not make them so happy.

And this actually has happened
with every single person

of the previous generation in my life that
passed away. There was always something.

And it took me a while
to find peace with that.

And I ask myself a question:

Okay, what would they like me to be?

And every time I came to the answer,

'Happy.'

Happy.

And then I was able to accept

what I had done or not done.

And I thought, 'Okay,

I have learned something from this.'

And maybe when I look I see
I've learned something from that.

So it's not

come to waste at the experience.

And in the practice we speak of
the goodness of suffering.

Suffering becomes good
when we learn something from it.

When it enriches our life.

When it helps us to go in the direction of
healing and transformation.

So looking and contemplating impermanence

helps us to look with the eyes
of compassion at ourselves

and also at others.

We like to nourish

our capacity of understanding,
love, joy and inclusiveness,

to transform our anger,

and help others to do the same
with the practice of Right Diligence.

Let us...

So Right Diligence means
taking care of the seeds we have

and taking care of the mental formations.

A mental formation is a seed
that manifests in our mind

as a state of mind, if you like.

We may find that
there are certain mental formations

that are present more often that others.

And we call them then 'habit energies'.

Habit energy of thinking,
of speaking, and of acting.

Let us, with a sound of the bell,
take a moment

to reflect, when we go back to ourselves,
at some of our habit energies.

Maybe we have
the habit energy of thinking,

can also be of speaking
or physical action.

It can be a wholesome habit energy,

and that's a habit energy

that leads us in the direction of
transformation and healing.

Or it can be what we would call
an impulse, some habit energy,

that habit energy
that leads us in the direction of

suffering, basically.

So just let us go back to ourselves,

and just see which habit energy
comes up spontaneously,

what kind of habit energy.

(Bell)

(Bell)

We may find that the habit energy
that came up in us

is one of our habitual ways of responding
to life's situations.

I would like now

to draw a diagram

of the Four Right Diligences.

That will help us to understand

how to practice or how to put these

four practices or four diligences
into practice.

This makes it more interesting
as when I just list them.

Lists, we have already, we have many.

So this is the seed.

[Seed]

And this is also seed.

[Seed]

And this is a mental formation,
'mf' for short.

And this also is mental formations.

[mf]

So a seed is a potential

and a mental formation is when that
potential manifests as a state of mind.

Then we call it a mental formation.

Speaking of anger,
we all have a seed of anger.

And we would like to avoid

that seed of anger manifested itself
as a mental formation.

Because that then means that the energy
of anger is really present in us.

It's not pleasant for us

and very often not pleasant
for others as well.

So how...

What to do, how to practice

in order not to turn that seed of anger
into a mental formation called anger.

Then, the Buddha says, 'Easy.

Do you have a garden at home?'

That's not what the Buddha said but

the Buddha could have said that.
Do you have a garden at home?

Have you ever sown seeds in your garden?

Wanting to have
a lot of cosmos flower in your garden?

Yes.

So if you have those seeds
of cosmos flowers in the garden,

what do you need to do
in order to make it flourish?

You have to water it.

If you just put a seed in there
and never water your garden,

unless it rains, very unlikely
you get the cosmos flower.

In the garden,
there is also maybe a seed of...

a weed, many weeds.

And you don't want
all those weeds to come up.

Well, then don't water them.

So if we have a,

here, let's say, we have a seed of anger
in our garden, the garden of our mind,

we like to sort of keep it
for most time in the seed form.

Okay, we don't mind,
don't mind the seeds at all!

But we have to mind them,
you see what I mean.

We have to take care of them,
but we don't mind they being there.

So, if we don't want our seed of anger

to flower as a flower
in the garden of our mind,

typical a mental formation,

we should not water it.

And just in one word, we say avoid.

[Avoid]

Avoid.

Avoid to water the seed of anger.

Do not water.

[Do not water]

Do not water the seed of anger.

But if accidentally we water it anyway,
or we allow it to be watered by others,

and the mental formation of anger
comes up,

the flower of anger blooms in our mind,

then, the most important thing is to

stop watering that seed.

If we don't water it, it will wilt,
it will dry up, shrink.

It will go back to the seed form.

Stop watering.

Another word is overcome.

[Overcome]

Stop watering,
in Plum Village parlance.

[Stop watering]

Stop watering the seed.

Nothing can survive without food.

And our anger will not survive
if we stop feeding our anger.

And we can stop feeding our anger

by not always going back
to what brought up our anger.

Not to keep going back to that.

We need to

stop, or break the contact

with the source

that triggered our anger.

Don't stay in contact with that incident.
Don't keep thinking,

'Why did this person say that?
Why did she, or he say that?'

'What was she trying to do?
So mean!'

We keep on ruminating,
ruminating, ruminating

this thought over and over again, it means
we keep on watering the seed of anger.

I don't know if you've ever tried this,
kind of this rumination, ruminification.

When we turn something
over, and over in our mind,

especially when it's -
since we are talking about anger,

considering anger, maybe after 5, or 10,
or 15, or 20 or half an hour of doing that

our anger has grown enormously.
We've been watering it the whole time.

It is like shooting the second arrow.
We were shot by an arrow,

by somebody who said that, that hurt,

and then, we keep repeating, and repeating,

and reliving, and reliving that incident.
It's like shooting another arrow,

and maybe another,
and another, and another.

And the second arrow
is not twice as painful,

it's a hundred times more painful.

So, stop watering the seed,
break the contact.

Turn away.

[Break the contact]

Turn away from the source
that brought up your anger.

As I said before,

one way of doing that is to
bring our mind home to our body,

becoming aware of our body,

aware of where anger manifests in our body
and breathing with it.

And then, when it's calmed down,

we will feel much better.

We can also practice something
that we call 'change the CD'.

If we catch it in time.

I have found, if I turn something over
in my mind for 5, 10 minutes,

it's better for me to go back to my body,

and take care of the mental
formation in that way,

rather than trying to change

the CD.

Because I may go to another thought
that is uplifting,

joyful,

but only for few minutes, and then
I'm pulled back again by the emotion.

So the practice is to become aware,

what is the best way for us,
each individual, each one of us,

the best way to change the CD?

Is it to bring up another thought?

Think of something pleasant?
Something beautiful?

Or is it to come back to the body?

Or go for a walk, which is also
going back to the body.

Nourishing other things, getting different
input through different sense organs.

Change CD.

[Change CD]

Here, a kalyanamitra comes in handy.

And actually, the whole sangha
is a kalyanamitra.

When we are upset about something
and when we're angry,

there is always something
happening in the sangha,

there is always people who are around,
they are doing things,

we can go and join them.

Maybe working in the garden.
And just by that joyful energy,

it helps us to change the CD.

Or a good friend who will say,
'Come on! Let's go for a walk,

let's have a cup of tea.'

Change the CD.

If we have a-

I think I need that one.

No, I see.

I'm sorry. I knew something
was not quite right.

So. That's better.

If we have a positive seed,

that we would like to strengthen,
we encourage,

[Encourage]

that seed to manifest itself
by watering that seed.

[To water]

And the practice of mindfulness
helps us here also to do this.

We water our seeds of joy
by being present in the present moment

and recognize all the sources of joy
that are present in our life.

You may like to sit down,
maybe with some others,

and make a list of joys.

What are your sources of joy in your life.

And it can be something very small.

A smile,

of another member of the community.

I don't know if anyone of you
has seen the full moon these days.

A wonderful source of joy.
Beautiful!

But the full moon can only be
a source of joy if we are truly present.

The full moon maybe there,

but we need to be there
in order to enjoy the full moon.

I know this from experience.

The full moon rises at the-
to the East of our hamlet.

And there is a path in this hamlet
where you walk.

Well, the sisters walk.

And we can see the rising moon.

And I would often stand there,
when it is full moon,

and watch the full moon arising.

Especially because it's next to the bell
tower and it looks so, so beautiful.

One evening,

I was not present, being carried away
by some mental formation,

and I was walking towards
our sisters' building,

walked right past the bell tower,

and there was a sister standing there,
and she said, 'Sister, the full moon!

The full moon! Look!.'
And this is what happened.

So, let's say the full moon is there.

Oh, yes!

(Laughter)

And we continue to walk!

And she said, 'Sister, sister,
the full moon! Look at the full moon!'

Because she had seen me
standing there many, many times.

I've told her,
'Come, look at the full moon.'

And now, I was walking straight on.

And she had to call me a number of times,
that it dawned on me,

the full moon!

So, thank you. So I went back
and enjoyed the full moon.

And she really helped me with that
to change the CD.

Here. Because I was not
in such a joyful mood,

and she may have understood.

She called me back

and encouraged me to water
a positive seed,

the seed of joy and happiness.

And she did. Is that truly a spiritual friend.

So, find ways to water the positive seeds.

So that they flower and the become
a mental formation.

And once they are a mental formation,

then, what do we do?

So we are having -

We are happy, we are joyful,

the mental formation of joy has arisen.

Everything is impermanent, you know?
Everything comes, and it goes.

So joy can come
and can be gone in the next second.

Unless,

you practice to keep it there.

Our joy comes and goes,
our anger comes and goes.

And if we want our joy to stay,
we have to nourish it.

It is nourishing our joy
that keeps it longer.

To become aware of the source
that has brought about joy

and stay in contact with that source.

As long as we stay
in contact with the source,

our joy will increase.
As long as I look at the full moon,

that is watering seeds of joy.

Instant after instant.

So,

we maintain our joy,

[Maintain]

and concretely, we continue to water

by staying in contact.

[Continue to water]

Continue to water our mental formation

by staying in contact with the source.

This is basically
the practice of Right Diligence.

Unwholesome seeds, avoid watering.

If accidentally they got watered anyway,
stop watering them.

The wholesome seeds, water them.

They manifest, continue to water them.

Simple?

But it takes some practice.

This practice
is a practice of transformation.

The unwholesome seeds

will not have a chance to grow stronger.
They may even weaken.

And the wholesome seeds
get the chance to grow stronger.

So the unwholesome seeds
will manifest less often.

And the wholesome seeds
will manifest more often.

This is a very important practice
in the light of taking care of our anger.

At the same time, 
it is a very important practice

in the light of just about everything.

Nowadays, we hear a lot about depression.

People say,
'I am in a depression, I'm depressed.'

Take this

kind of overview, and ask yourself,

'What kind of seed
have I been watering in myself lately?

Or what kind of seed have I allowed
to be watered in me by others?'

And that is not just other people,
maybe it is the news,

how often do we listen to the news?

It's Okay to listen to the news,
or watch it, or read it,

whatever we do nowadays,

but what seed,
what kind of seed does it water in us?

How much can we take before

we go towards a depression?
For instance.

And the way out is
to stop watering those seeds

and to start watering wholesome seeds and
then to continue to water wholesome seeds.

With the help of a good friend,
with the help of a kalyanamitra,

maybe with the help of the sangha,
we can do it.

Maybe we can have a sound of the bell,

before I continue to come to a close
of this talk today.

(Bell)

Right Diligence is nourished
by joy and interest.

By joy and interest in the practice.
And the 7th mindfulness training

is 'Dwelling happily
in the present moment.'

It gives us very clear practices to do
to dwell happily in the present moment

and to water our seed
of joy and happiness.

The 7th mindfulness training helps us to
be aware that life is only available now.

Yesterday is already passed,
tomorrow not yet there.

Now is the only moment we have.

We like to

really train ourselves
to live deeply each moment of our live.

And not to loose ourselves in dispersion
or be carried away by regrets

about the past.

Or the worries about the future,

or craving, anger, or jealousy
in the present moment.

And we take mindful breathing
as our anchor.

We always come back to mindful breathing

to know what is happening
in the here and the now,

so that we can be in touch
with the wonderful, refreshing,

and also the healing elements
that are in the here and the now.

We all know that nature is very healing.

How often have we walked through nature,
our mind was somewhere else,

and we miss the opportunity
to be healed by nature.

Mother Earth is so beautiful.

It's so, so beautiful.

I have a photograph of Mother Earth,
our jewel of the cosmos, as we call her,

and just looking at that picture
makes me so happy.

I know we are doing
terrible things to Mother Earth.

And still,

she is so loving, and so embracing.

And looking at this picture,

makes me reflect, how can we live our life
so as to take care of Mother Earth?

Because she is the one that nourishes us,
that holds us,

that also embraces us. And we need
to take care of our Mother.

Many of us, many of our sangha members
are engaged in protecting Mother Earth.

And here in Plum Village also

we were vegetarians, now, as a community
in the whole we are vegan.

Also because we want to contribute
to protecting Mother Earth,

protecting the species on Earth.

We do our best

to use our vehicles

mindfully.

That is why also in bigger retreats,
we order buses,

so everybody can come by bus,

and not the French
who have come in individual cars

come by their cars, but come by bus.

We have Happy Farms in all three hamlets,
and we are very happy to have Happy Farms.

Thank you to the happy farmers.

We do things to protect Mother Earth.

Little by little, we're going
more and more, as a big community,

in the direction of
protecting Mother Earth.

So we will come back to
the present moment,

and water the seeds of joy, peace,
love and understanding in ourselves,

so that our consciousness
can transform and heal.

And also we like to become aware that

real happiness basically depends
on our mental attitude.

And not necessarily
on external conditions.

When we practice that, we see that
we can live happily in the present moment,

because we see we have already
enough conditions to be happy.

The mental attitude and not external
conditions, it can be challenging.

For instance,

we may know people

whom we

are angry with
and find that very difficult

to overcome that anger.

We have a practice we just call 'The
five ways of putting an end to anger',

in which there's one sentence
that keeps coming back:

'If you are angry and you are a wise,
you will know how to meditate

to put an end to your anger.'

And it gives us five ways to
look at the person we are angry with.

'If there is someone whose bodily actions
are not kind, but the words are kind,

then do not pay attention
to the bodily actions,

only pay attention to their words,
and that can help you

to put an end to your anger.

And when their words are not kind,
but their bodily actions are kind,

if you are wise,

you do not pay attention to the words, but
only pay attention to the bodily action.'

It is recognizing that
there is still a seed of kindness

that is able to manifest itself
in this person.

And by recognizing
that their words are kind,

or in other case
their bodily actions are kind,

you may be able also
to interact with them in a way

that waters that seed of kindness in them.

So instead of focusing on the unkind,
to focus on the kind.

Until we will help them bring about
the change within themselves.

So, if the bodily actions are not kind
and neither the words are kind,

then we need to look a little bit deeper.

And we may notice that there is
still somewhere in their heart,

a little kindness.

And then, we are advised to pay attention
to that little kindness,

and not to their words or actions.

And maybe also nourish
that little kindness in them.

Then, you may all be
waiting for the next one,

if the bodily actions are not kind,
the words are not kind

and you cannot find any, any, any
ounce of kindness in their hearts,

then what? Are we then
allowed to get angry?

No, the Buddha says.

If you meet somebody
whose words are not kind,

whose actions are not kind and who

you cannot find
any kindness in their heart,

then, please, know that
that person is suffering deeply,

and they need your help.

Find ways to help them.

And I've looked into this

time and time again,
whenever I come to this, I think,

how is that possible?

And I realize -

First I thought, Okay,
if there is no kindness in their words,

actions or in their heart,

I need to find ways to help them,
but they've caused another suffering.

Until I realized, by helping them
it doesn't mean

that I condone
what they did, said or thought.

I didn't condone any of their actions
of body, speech or mind.

I just see that they must be suffering

in order to cause
so much suffering to others.

And if we can help them,
they may stop

causing suffering
with their words or deeds,

and they may find some goodness
in their heart.

It was very important for me to
discover that, to come to that insight.

Help.
So you may have people in your live

and maybe people in your country,

you don't see any kindness in actions,
speech or maybe in their heart,

but they need your help.

Especially if it's someone who is
or has a word to say

about what happens in a country.
They may need help.

And Thay

is a real great bodhisattva.

I said before that the essence
of the 14 mindfulness trainings,

which are what we call
bodhisattva trainings,

is never to abandon anyone.

Even if they cause great suffering.

I shall never forget
the 25th of September in 2001,

when Thay gave a talk in a church,
in New York.

And Thay was responding

to the 9/11 event.

The attack on the... Trade Center? World?

I was right, yes.

On the buildings in New York,
World Trade Center, I think it was called.

Correct? Yes.

First of all, I go back
a little bit briefly.

When we heard the news,

we were in California, in a center,
one of our centers in California,

in Deer Park.

So a number of our monastics
went to Thay and said,

'Thay, this has happened.
Can we do something?

Now we have to speak out,
we have to do a walking meditation,

a protest march, or something like that.'

And Thay said, 'No.

We are going to the beach.'

And we went, 'We are going to the beach?'

'Yes, we are going to the beach.
Hire a bus we are going to the beach

and we are bringing a picnic.'

So we went to the beach.

And as we go to the beach, Thay said,
'Go and play', it means,

go and wait in the water
playing soccer, whatever.

And the attendants spread out 
a mat for Thay and Thay was lying down.

And the whole time, as we were playing,

Thay was just lying there. Very quietly.

And then, we had lunch,

and then we went back
to the temple where we were staying.

And then Thay called us together later,
and said,

Thay would give a talk in New York,
and Thay would address the issue.

So this is how Thay came
to address the issue in New York.

And before Thay went up
to address the issue,

we were with Thay, waiting.
And Thay said,

'What Thay is going to say
may put Thay's life in danger,

but Thay has to say it.'

And in the speech, we started first
by reading the invocation of Avalokita,

evoking the energy of compassion
of Avalokita.

We chanted and then Thay gave the speech.

And the basic message was, Thay said that

America has to ask Iraq,
what did we do

for you to do this to us?

Thay was not abandoning anybody.

Everything is because of
causes and conditions.

So a bodhisattva never abandons anyone.

And we do not condone that act.

We do not, somebody who causes suffering,
condone the act. But we try to see

how we can help them.

And by saying what Thay said,
Thay was to say,

'Okay, what can we do?

What are we doing? Tell us.'

To do this in our daily life

is a real practice of a bodhisattva.
We'll practice our compassion

for ourselves and for others.

And we can do it
with the help of a kalyanamitra.

We can do it, while practicing
Right Diligence,

to understand that everything
is because of causes and conditions.

And,

compassion arises from understanding.
If we have no understanding,

compassion cannot arise.

We can think we are compassionate,
but if there is no understanding,

we have to question whether
that compassion is true compassion.

Compassion is born from understanding.

So, we start with ourselves,

we look at ourselves
with the eyes of compassion

to understand why we think as we think,
why we say what we say,

why we do what we do.

What seeds have we watered

through our sense organs, our seeing,
hearing, smelling, tasting, touching,

and above all also through our thinking.

We may see something,
but we will think as a response.

And what is that thinking?
What is that watering in us?

And the foundation is

to generate the energy of mindfulness
throughout the day

by coming back to our breathing
with the sound of the bell,

bring our mind home to our body

and by walking meditation.

Walking mediation is a practice
I take refuge in

to make it,

to make my steps walking meditation steps
throughout the day.

There are moments I forget.

And then it may be the sound of a bird,
a sister, a brother, a sound,

that brings me back.
And to touch the earth.

As I said, when I see
the picture of Mother Earth,

I feel happy
and I feel also a lot of care.

So when I walk on Mother Earth,
I really walk with gentleness

and with gratitude for Mother Earth.

Thay says, walk as if
you are caressing Mother Earth.

And I found if I have that,

when we caress, it is very gentle,
it doesn't go-

With a bang we arrive on the earth
and then we caress,

on the earth or on a cat,
or a beloved one,

we even land on our beloved one gently,
to caress gently. To land gently

with our foot on the earth. The impact.

When we hear somebody coming,

by the sound of the footsteps,
we can usually tell what the mood is.

You know from school,
when the teacher came,

like, 'We'd better sit up straight
and concentrate',

or "'It's Okay.' You know?

We hear. So the impact,

to be aware of the impact
between our foot and the earth,

and to make it gentle.

To walk with gentleness.

And then,

I have noticed,
whatever the energy was before,

when I start walking like that,

there is an energy of care, of gentleness
that comes up in me.

And it feels

wonderful.

It is a very good way of practicing
the Four Diligences.

Walking meditation.

It's a good way to avoid, to overcome,
to encourage and to maintain.

So we do not need to make time
in the morning, in the evening,

to have 20 minutes of sitting.

In between, we can practice

mindfulness throughout the days

by enjoying our steps.

So, thank you for listening,
I will finish, here,

and we will have walking meditation,

weather permitting, before too long.

Thank you. I wish everybody
a happy practice.

(Bell)

(Bell)

(Bell)

(Bell)