[Script Info]
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[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.32,0:00:03.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am an astrophysicist.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.83,0:00:06.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I research stellar explosions\Nacross the universe.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.60,0:00:08.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I have a flaw.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.32,0:00:11.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am restless, and I get bored easily.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.36,0:00:14.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And although as an astrophysicist
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.06,0:00:17.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have the incredible opportunity\Nto study the entire universe,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.53,0:00:20.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the thought of doing\Nonly that, always that,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.90,0:00:23.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,makes me feel caged and limited.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.76,0:00:28.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if my issues with\Nkeeping attention and getting bored
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.70,0:00:30.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were not a flaw though?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.21,0:00:32.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if I could turn them into an asset?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.83,0:00:36.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An astrophysicist cannot touch or interact
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.33,0:00:38.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the things that she studies.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.06,0:00:41.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No way to explode a star in a lab\Nto figure out why or how it blew up.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.16,0:00:44.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just pictures and movies of the sky.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.34,0:00:47.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything we know about the universe,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.58,0:00:50.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the big bang\Nthat originated space and time,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.70,0:00:53.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the formation and evolution\Nof stars and galaxies,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.52,0:00:55.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the structure of our own solar system,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.00,0:00:58.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we figured out studying images of the sky.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.01,0:01:03.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to study a system\Nas complex as the entire universe,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.98,0:01:05.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,astrophysicists are experts
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.93,0:01:10.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at extracting simple models and solutions\Nfrom large and complex data sets.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.70,0:01:14.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what else can I do with this expertise?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.03,0:01:20.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if we turned the camera\Naround towards us?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.06,0:01:24.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the Urban Observatory\Nthat is exactly what we are doing.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.07,0:01:26.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Greg Dobler, also an astrophysicist
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.59,0:01:27.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and my husband,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.78,0:01:31.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,created the first urban observatory\Nin New York University in 2013,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.76,0:01:33.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I joined in 2015.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.75,0:01:36.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here are some of the things that we do.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.20,0:01:38.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We take pictures of the city at night
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.49,0:01:41.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and study city lights like stars.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.51,0:01:43.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By studying how light changes over time,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.55,0:01:45.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the color of astronomical lights,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.65,0:01:48.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I gain insight about the nature\Nof exploding stars.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.93,0:01:51.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By studying city lights the same way,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.23,0:01:55.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can measure and predict how much energy\Nthe city needs and consumes,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.93,0:01:57.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and help build a resilient grid
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.73,0:02:01.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that will support the needs\Nor growing urban environments.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.28,0:02:05.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In daytime images\Nwe capture plumes of pollution.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.27,0:02:09.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Seventy-five percent\Nof greenhouse gases in New York City
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.77,0:02:13.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,come from a building like this one,\Nburning oil for heat.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.48,0:02:16.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can measure pollution\Nwith air-quality sensors,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.90,0:02:20.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but imagine putting a sensor\Non each New York City building,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.73,0:02:23.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reading in data from a million monitors.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.49,0:02:24.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine the cost.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.05,0:02:29.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With a team of NYU students,\Nwe built a mathematical model,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.50,0:02:32.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a neural network that can detect\Nand track these plumes
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.91,0:02:34.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over the New York City skyline.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.63,0:02:36.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can classify them:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.13,0:02:39.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,harmless steam plumes,\Nwhite and evanescent,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.16,0:02:42.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,polluting smoke [unclear],\Ndark and persistent,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.70,0:02:46.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and provide policy makers\Nwith map of neighborhood pollution.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.78,0:02:51.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This cross-disciplinary projects\Ncreated transformational solutions.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.94,0:02:56.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the data analysis methodologies\Nwe use in astrophysics
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.88,0:02:58.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can be applied to all sorts of data,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.86,0:03:00.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just images.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.45,0:03:02.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were asked to help\Na California district attorney
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.96,0:03:06.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,understand prosecutorial delays\Nin their jurisdiction.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.84,0:03:09.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are people on probation\Nor sitting in jail,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.53,0:03:12.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,awaiting for trial sometimes for years.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.16,0:03:14.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They wanted to know\Nwhat kind of cases dragged on,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.63,0:03:17.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and had a massive data set\Nto explore to understand it,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.78,0:03:19.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but didn't have the expertise
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.22,0:03:21.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the instruments\Nin their office to do so.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.79,0:03:23.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's where we came in.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.56,0:03:26.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I worked with my colleague,\Npublic policy professor Angela Hawken,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.98,0:03:30.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and our team first created\Na visual dashboard
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.49,0:03:34.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for DAs to see and better understand\Nthe prosecution process.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.100,0:03:37.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But also, we ourselves\Nanalyzed their data,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.95,0:03:40.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looking to see if the duration\Nof the process
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.49,0:03:43.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,suffers from social inequalities\Nin their jurisdiction.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.37,0:03:45.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We did so using methods
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.93,0:03:48.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I would use to classify\Nthousands of stellar explosions,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.93,0:03:51.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,applied to thousands of court cases.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.61,0:03:52.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in doing so,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.78,0:03:55.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we built a model that can be applied\Nto other jurisdictions
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.64,0:03:57.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are willing to explore their biases.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.86,0:04:01.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These collaborations between\Ndomain experts and astrophysicists
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.12,0:04:03.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,created transformational solutions
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.20,0:04:05.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help improve people's quality of life.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.43,0:04:08.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it is a two-way road.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.93,0:04:11.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I bring my astrophysics background\Nto urban science,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.50,0:04:15.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I bring what I learn in urban science\Nback to astrophysics.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.93,0:04:17.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Light echoes.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.46,0:04:23.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reflections of stellar explosions\Nonto interstellar dust.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.05,0:04:29.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In our images, these reflections appear\Nas white evanescent moving features,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.86,0:04:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just like plumes.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.36,0:04:35.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am adapting the same models\Nthat detect plumes in city images
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.28,0:04:38.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to detect light echoes\Nin images of the sky.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.29,0:04:43.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By exploring the things\Nthat interest and excite me,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.61,0:04:45.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reaching outside of my domain,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.43,0:04:48.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I did turn my restlessness into an asset.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.03,0:04:54.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We, you, all have a unique perspective\Nthat can generate new insight
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.10,0:04:58.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and lead to new, unexpected\Ntransformational solutions.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.94,0:05:00.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.13,0:05:04.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)