[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:03.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Three reasons why we should stop using nuclear energy.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.45,0:00:06.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One: Nuclear weapons proliferation.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.30,0:00:10.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nuclear technology made a violent entrance onto the world stage.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.78,0:00:15.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just one year after the world’s first-ever nuclear test explosion in 1944,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.05,0:00:18.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two large cities were destroyed by just two single bombs.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.47,0:00:23.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After that, reactor technology slowly evolved as a means of generating electricity,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.50,0:00:27.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it’s always been intimately connected with nuclear weapons technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.34,0:00:30.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s nearly impossible to develop nuclear weapons
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.12,0:00:32.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without access to reactor technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.24,0:00:35.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.39,0:00:38.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,serves the purpose of spreading nuclear reactor technology
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.22,0:00:41.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without spreading nuclear weapons with limited success.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.50,0:00:44.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 40 years, five countries have developed their own weapons
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.89,0:00:46.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the help of reactor technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.99,0:00:49.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The fact of the matter is that it can be very hard
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.49,0:00:52.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to distinguish a covert nuclear weapons program
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.40,0:00:54.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the peaceful use of nuclear energy.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.97,0:00:59.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the 1970s, the big nuclear powers were happily selling peaceful technology
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.59,0:01:03.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to smaller countries, which then developed weapons of their own.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.60,0:01:09.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The road to deadly nuclear weapons is always paved with peaceful reactors.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.15,0:01:12.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two: Nuclear waste and pollution.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.01,0:01:15.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Spent nuclear fuel is not only radioactive,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.37,0:01:19.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also contains extremely poisonous chemical elements like plutonium.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.76,0:01:24.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It loses its harmfulness only slowly over several tens of thousands of years.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.53,0:01:27.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there is also a process called reprocessing,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.92,0:01:31.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which means the extraction of plutonium from spent nuclear fuel.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.64,0:01:33.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It can be used for two purposes:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.54,0:01:36.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to build nuclear weapons or to use it as new fuel.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.55,0:01:38.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But hardly any of it is used as fuel,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.93,0:01:41.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we don’t have the right kind of reactors for that.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.64,0:01:45.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A milligram will kill you; a few kilograms make an atomic bomb;
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.20,0:01:49.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even an inconspicuous country like Germany literally has tons of the stuff,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.87,0:01:54.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just lying around, because reprocessing sounded like a good idea decades ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.43,0:01:56.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And where will all the waste go?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.33,0:02:00.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After dumping it into the ocean was forbidden, we’ve tried to bury it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.16,0:02:02.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we can’t find a place where it will definitely stay secure
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.93,0:02:04.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for tens of thousands of years.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.73,0:02:08.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over 30 countries operate nearly 400 reactors,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.34,0:02:11.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,managing several hundred thousands of tons of nuclear waste
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.39,0:02:14.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and only one is currently serious about
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.46,0:02:18.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,opening a permanent civilian waste storage: tiny Finland.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.62,0:02:21.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Three: Accidents and disasters.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.69,0:02:26.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over 60 years of nuclear power usage, there have been seven major accidents
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.02,0:02:29.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in reactors or facilities dealing with nuclear waste.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.53,0:02:31.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Three of those were mostly contained,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.48,0:02:36.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but four of them released significant amounts of radioactivity into the environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.15,0:02:42.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1957, 1987, and 2011, large areas of land in Russia, Ukraine, and Japan
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.92,0:02:47.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were rendered unfit for human habitation for decades to come.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.03,0:02:51.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The number of deaths is highly disputed, but probably lies in the thousands.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.49,0:02:55.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These disasters happened with nuclear reactors of very different types,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.44,0:02:58.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in very different countries, and several decades apart.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.80,0:03:01.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Looking at the numbers, we may as well ask ourselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.74,0:03:07.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are 10% of the world’s energy supply worth a devastating disaster every 30 years?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.55,0:03:13.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Would 30% be worth another Fukushima or Chernobyl somewhere on Earth every 10 years?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.11,0:03:18.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What area would have to be contaminated, so we say "no more"?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.08,0:03:19.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where is the line?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.63,0:03:22.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, should we use nuclear energy?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.60,0:03:25.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The risks may outweigh the benefits
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.12,0:03:27.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and maybe we should stop looking into this direction
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.56,0:03:29.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and drop this technology for good.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.83,0:03:32.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you want to hear the other side of the argument
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.11,0:03:35.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or a short introduction to nuclear energy, click here.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.78,0:03:39.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our channel has a new sponsor: Audible.com.
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