[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.90,0:00:03.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want you to, for a moment,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.45,0:00:06.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think about playing a game of Monopoly.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.09,0:00:12.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Except in this game,\Nthat combination of skill, talent and luck
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.53,0:00:15.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that helped earn you success\Nin games, as in life,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.31,0:00:16.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been rendered irrelevant,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.74,0:00:18.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because this game's been rigged,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.92,0:00:20.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you've got the upper hand.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.80,0:00:22.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You've got more money,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.60,0:00:25.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more opportunities to move\Naround the board,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.16,0:00:26.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and more access to resources.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.40,0:00:29.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as you think about that experience,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.29,0:00:30.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want you to ask yourself:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.10,0:00:36.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How might that experience of being\Na privileged player in a rigged game
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.18,0:00:38.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,change the way you think about yourself
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.17,0:00:41.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and regard that other player?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.91,0:00:45.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, we ran a study\Non the UC Berkeley campus
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.02,0:00:48.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to look at exactly that question.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.28,0:00:51.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We brought in more than 100 pairs\Nof strangers into the lab,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.86,0:00:54.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with the flip of a coin,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.60,0:00:58.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,randomly assigned one of the two\Nto be a rich player in a rigged game.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.66,0:01:00.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They got two times as much money;
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.51,0:01:04.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they passed Go,\Nthey collected twice the salary;
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.34,0:01:07.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they got to roll\Nboth dice instead of one,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.64,0:01:09.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they got to move\Naround the board a lot more.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.96,0:01:11.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.02,0:01:13.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And over the course of 15 minutes,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.75,0:01:16.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we watched through\Nhidden cameras what happened.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.26,0:01:19.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I want to do today,\Nfor the first time,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.38,0:01:21.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is show you a little bit of what we saw.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.55,0:01:23.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You'll to have to pardon\Nthe sound quality,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.87,0:01:25.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because again, these were hidden cameras.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.87,0:01:27.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we've provided subtitles.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.95,0:01:30.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Video] Rich Player: How many\N500s did you have?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.29,0:01:31.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Poor Player: Just one.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.46,0:01:32.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,RP: Are you serious?\NPP: Yeah.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.91,0:01:36.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,RP: I have three. (Laughs)\NI don't know why they gave me so much.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.06,0:01:39.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Paul Piff: So it was quickly apparent\Nto players that something was up.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.45,0:01:42.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One person clearly has\Na lot more money than the other person,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.60,0:01:45.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and yet, as the game unfolded,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.18,0:01:49.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we saw very notable differences,\Ndramatic differences begin to emerge
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.74,0:01:51.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between the two players.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.49,0:01:55.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The rich player started to move\Naround the board louder,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.83,0:01:58.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,literally smacking the board\Nwith the piece as he went around.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.88,0:02:00.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Game piece smacks board)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.61,0:02:03.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were more likely\Nto see signs of dominance
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.58,0:02:07.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and nonverbal signs, displays of power
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.62,0:02:10.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and celebration among the rich players.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.50,0:02:14.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We had a bowl of pretzels\Npositioned off to the side.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.21,0:02:15.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's on the bottom right corner.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.78,0:02:19.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That allowed us to watch\Nparticipants' consummatory behavior.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.26,0:02:22.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we're just tracking\Nhow many pretzels participants eat.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.78,0:02:25.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Video] RP: Are those pretzels a trick?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.75,0:02:27.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,PP: I don't know.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.71,0:02:30.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Paul Piff: OK, so no surprises,\Npeople are on to us.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.85,0:02:34.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They wonder what that bowl of pretzels\Nis doing there in the first place.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.37,0:02:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One even asks, like you just saw,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.03,0:02:38.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Is that bowl of pretzels\Nthere as a trick?"
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.04,0:02:42.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And yet, despite that,\Nthe power of the situation
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.10,0:02:44.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seems to inevitably dominate,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.34,0:02:47.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and those rich players\Nstart to eat more pretzels.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.40,0:02:48.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.29,0:02:53.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Video] RP: I love pretzels.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.73,0:02:55.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.31,0:03:00.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Paul Piff: And as the game went on,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.45,0:03:02.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of the really interesting\Nand dramatic patterns
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.95,0:03:05.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we observed begin to emerge
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.25,0:03:09.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was that the rich players\Nactually started to become ruder
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.08,0:03:10.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,toward the other person --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.10,0:03:14.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,less and less sensitive to the plight\Nof those poor, poor players,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.73,0:03:18.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and more and more demonstrative\Nof their material success,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.29,0:03:21.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more likely to showcase\Nhow well they're doing.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.08,0:03:25.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Video] RP: I have money ...
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.74,0:03:27.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughs) I have money for everything.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.01,0:03:29.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,PP: How much is that?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.51,0:03:31.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,RP: You owe me 24 dollars.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.40,0:03:36.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're going to lose all your money soon.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.14,0:03:38.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll buy it. I have so much money.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.30,0:03:40.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have so much money, it takes me forever.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.34,0:03:42.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,RP 2: I'm going\Nto buy out this whole board.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.46,0:03:44.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,RP 3: You're going\Nto run out of money soon.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.56,0:03:46.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm pretty much untouchable at this point.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.64,0:03:48.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.25,0:03:51.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Paul Piff: And here's what I think\Nwas really, really interesting:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.46,0:03:53.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's that, at the end of the 15 minutes,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.30,0:03:57.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we asked the players to talk\Nabout their experience during the game.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.65,0:04:02.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when the rich players talked\Nabout why they had inevitably won
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.76,0:04:04.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this rigged game of Monopoly ...
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.45,0:04:08.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.47,0:04:15.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They talked about what they'd done\Nto buy those different properties
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.84,0:04:17.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and earn their success in the game.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.83,0:04:18.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.89,0:04:21.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they became far less attuned
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.31,0:04:23.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to all those different\Nfeatures of the situation --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.85,0:04:25.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including that flip of a coin --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.50,0:04:30.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that had randomly gotten them\Ninto that privileged position
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.53,0:04:31.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the first place.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.85,0:04:34.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's a really,\Nreally incredible insight
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.71,0:04:38.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into how the mind\Nmakes sense of advantage.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.10,0:04:42.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, this game of Monopoly can be used
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.30,0:04:47.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a metaphor for understanding society\Nand its hierarchical structure,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.29,0:04:50.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wherein some people\Nhave a lot of wealth and a lot of status,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.93,0:04:52.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a lot of people don't;
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.44,0:04:55.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they have a lot less wealth\Nand a lot less status
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.35,0:04:58.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a lot less access to valued resources.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.42,0:05:01.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what my colleagues and I\Nfor the last seven years have been doing
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.83,0:05:04.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is studying the effects\Nof these kinds of hierarchies.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.71,0:05:09.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we've been finding\Nacross dozens of studies
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.11,0:05:12.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and thousands of participants\Nacross this country
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.48,0:05:16.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that as a person's levels\Nof wealth increase,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.09,0:05:20.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their feelings of compassion\Nand empathy go down,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.04,0:05:26.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and their feelings of entitlement,\Nof deservingness,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.79,0:05:30.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and their ideology\Nof self-interest increase.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.28,0:05:32.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In surveys, we've found
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.90,0:05:36.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it's actually wealthier individuals\Nwho are more likely to moralize
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.79,0:05:38.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,greed being good,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.52,0:05:42.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that the pursuit of self-interest\Nis favorable and moral.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.06,0:05:46.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, what I want to do today\Nis talk about some of the implications
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.72,0:05:48.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of this ideology self-interest,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.67,0:05:52.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,talk about why we should\Ncare about those implications,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.34,0:05:53.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and end with what might be done.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.56,0:05:57.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of the first studies\Nthat we ran in this area
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.01,0:05:59.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looked at helping behavior,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.37,0:06:02.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something social psychologists\Ncall "pro-social behavior."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.45,0:06:04.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we were really interested
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.93,0:06:08.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in who's more likely\Nto offer help to another person:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.44,0:06:10.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,someone who's rich or someone who's poor.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.56,0:06:12.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In one of the studies,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.85,0:06:18.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we bring rich and poor members\Nof the community into the lab,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.39,0:06:21.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and give each of them\Nthe equivalent of 10 dollars.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.78,0:06:25.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We told the participants they could keep\Nthese 10 dollars for themselves,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.02,0:06:28.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or they could share\Na portion of it, if they wanted to,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.93,0:06:31.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a stranger, who's totally anonymous.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.30,0:06:34.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They'll never meet that stranger;\Nthe stranger will never meet them.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.58,0:06:36.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we just monitor how much people give.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.55,0:06:42.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Individuals who made 25,000,\Nsometimes under 15,000 dollars a year,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.23,0:06:45.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gave 44 percent more\Nof their money to the stranger
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.57,0:06:49.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than did individuals making\N150,000, 200,000 dollars a year.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.98,0:06:53.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've had people play games
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.81,0:06:56.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to see who's more or less likely to cheat
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.50,0:06:58.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to increase their chances\Nof winning a prize.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.88,0:07:01.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In one of the games,\Nwe actually rigged a computer
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.65,0:07:05.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that die rolls over a certain score\Nwere impossible --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.35,0:07:09.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You couldn't get above 12\Nin this game, and yet ...
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.56,0:07:13.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the richer you were, the more likely\Nyou were to cheat in this game
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.78,0:07:16.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to earn credits toward a $50 cash prize --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.15,0:07:19.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes by three to four times as much.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.11,0:07:22.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We ran another study
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.29,0:07:26.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we looked at whether people\Nwould be inclined to take candy
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.47,0:07:29.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from a jar of candy\Nthat we explicitly identified
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.14,0:07:31.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as being reserved for children --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.04,0:07:34.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.66,0:07:38.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not kidding -- I know it sounds\Nlike I'm making a joke.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.22,0:07:41.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We explicitly told participants:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.48,0:07:45.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"This candy is for children participating\Nin a developmental lab nearby.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.83,0:07:47.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're in studies. This is for them."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.98,0:07:50.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we just monitored\Nhow much candy participants took.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.57,0:07:54.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Participants who felt rich\Ntook two times as much candy
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.51,0:07:56.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as participants who felt poor.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.68,0:07:59.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've even studied cars.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.32,0:08:01.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not just any cars,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.01,0:08:05.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but whether drivers\Nof different kinds of cars
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.30,0:08:08.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are more or less inclined\Nto break the law.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.34,0:08:09.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In one of these studies,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.56,0:08:15.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we looked at whether drivers\Nwould stop for a pedestrian
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.31,0:08:18.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we had posed waiting\Nto cross at a crosswalk.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.19,0:08:20.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now in California, as you all know,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.06,0:08:22.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I'm sure we all do this,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.49,0:08:26.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's the law to stop for a pedestrian\Nwho's waiting to cross.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.43,0:08:28.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here's an example of how we did it.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.30,0:08:31.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's our confederate off to the left,\Nposing as a pedestrian.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.87,0:08:35.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He approaches as the red truck\Nsuccessfully stops.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.22,0:08:37.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In typical California fashion,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.02,0:08:40.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's overtaken by the bus\Nwho almost runs our pedestrian over.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.02,0:08:42.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.39,0:08:44.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now here's an example\Nof a more expensive car,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.62,0:08:48.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a Prius, driving through,\Nand a BMW doing the same.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.59,0:08:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we did this for hundreds of vehicles
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.03,0:08:56.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on several days,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.51,0:08:58.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just tracking who stops and who doesn't.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.59,0:09:04.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we found was as the expensiveness\Nof a car increased ...
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.86,0:09:06.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.96,0:09:10.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the drivers' tendencies\Nto break the law increased as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.22,0:09:13.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,None of the cars -- none of the cars --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.04,0:09:16.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our least expensive car category
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.14,0:09:17.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,broke the law.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.79,0:09:22.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Close to 50 percent of the cars\Nin our most expensive vehicle category
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.66,0:09:23.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,broke the law.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.55,0:09:26.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've run other studies,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.82,0:09:30.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,finding that wealthier individuals\Nare more likely to lie in negotiations,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.73,0:09:32.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to endorse unethical behavior at work,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.95,0:09:35.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like stealing cash from the cash register,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.66,0:09:38.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,taking bribes, lying to customers.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.70,0:09:42.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I don't mean to suggest
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.31,0:09:45.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it's only wealthy people\Nwho show these patterns of behavior.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.91,0:09:48.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not at all -- in fact,\NI think that we all,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.74,0:09:51.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in our day-to-day, minute-by-minute lives,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.68,0:09:54.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,struggle with these competing motivations
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.56,0:10:00.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of when or if to put our own interests\Nabove the interests of other people.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.27,0:10:02.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's understandable,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.57,0:10:05.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the American dream is an idea
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.49,0:10:10.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which we all have an equal opportunity\Nto succeed and prosper,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.35,0:10:12.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as long as we apply\Nourselves and work hard.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.93,0:10:15.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And a piece of that means that sometimes,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.67,0:10:18.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you need to put your own interests
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.62,0:10:22.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,above the interests and well-being\Nof other people around you.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.15,0:10:25.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what we're finding\Nis that the wealthier you are,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.55,0:10:29.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the more likely you are to pursue\Na vision of personal success,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.41,0:10:31.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of achievement and accomplishment,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.76,0:10:33.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the detriment of others around you.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.93,0:10:38.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here I've plotted for you\Nthe mean household income
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.22,0:10:41.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,received by each fifth\Nand top five percent of the population
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.48,0:10:42.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over the last 20 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.58,0:10:44.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1993,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.84,0:10:47.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the differences between the different\Nquintiles of the population,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.99,0:10:49.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in terms of income,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.20,0:10:51.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are fairly egregious.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.73,0:10:54.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not difficult to discern\Nthat there are differences.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.45,0:10:57.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But over the last 20 years,\Nthat significant difference
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.30,0:10:59.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has become a Grand Canyon of sorts
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.62,0:11:02.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between those at the top\Nand everyone else.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.66,0:11:06.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, the top 20 percent\Nof our population
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.32,0:11:09.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,own close to 90 percent\Nof the total wealth in this country.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.44,0:11:13.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're at unprecedented levels\Nof economic inequality.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.86,0:11:19.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What that means is that wealth is not only\Nbecoming increasingly concentrated
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.72,0:11:22.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the hands of a select group\Nof individuals,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.68,0:11:27.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the American dream\Nis becoming increasingly unattainable
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.03,0:11:29.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for an increasing majority of us.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.23,0:11:33.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if it's the case,\Nas we've been finding,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.05,0:11:34.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the wealthier you are,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.52,0:11:37.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the more entitled you feel to that wealth,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.07,0:11:40.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the more likely you are\Nto prioritize your own interests
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.09,0:11:41.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,above the interests of other people,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.87,0:11:45.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and be willing to do things\Nto serve that self-interest,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.42,0:11:49.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well, then, there's no reason to think\Nthat those patterns will change.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.11,0:11:52.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, there's every reason\Nto think that they'll only get worse,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.66,0:11:55.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's what it would look like\Nif things just stayed the same,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.87,0:11:58.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the same linear rate,\Nover the next 20 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.16,0:12:02.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now inequality -- economic inequality --
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.93,0:12:05.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is something we should\Nall be concerned about,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.15,0:12:08.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not just because of those\Nat the bottom of the social hierarchy,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.78,0:12:11.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but because individuals and groups
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.14,0:12:15.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with lots of economic\Ninequality do worse ...
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.35,0:12:18.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just the people\Nat the bottom, everyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.21,0:12:21.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a lot of really\Ncompelling research
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.30,0:12:23.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,coming out from top labs\Nall over the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.98,0:12:28.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,showcasing the range of things\Nthat are undermined
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.66,0:12:31.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as economic inequality gets worse.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.20,0:12:34.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Social mobility,\Nthings we really care about,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.05,0:12:36.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,physical health, social trust,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.53,0:12:39.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all go down as inequality goes up.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.49,0:12:44.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Similarly, negative things\Nin social collectives and societies,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.04,0:12:46.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things like obesity, and violence,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.14,0:12:47.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,imprisonment, and punishment,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.76,0:12:51.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are exacerbated as economic\Ninequality increases.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.91,0:12:55.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, these are outcomes\Nnot just experienced by a few,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.48,0:12:58.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that resound\Nacross all strata of society.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.94,0:13:01.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even people at the top\Nexperience these outcomes.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.22,0:13:04.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what do we do?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.31,0:13:08.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This cascade of self-perpetuating,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.91,0:13:11.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pernicious, negative effects
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.42,0:13:14.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could seem like something\Nthat's spun out of control,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.84,0:13:16.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there's nothing we can do about it,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.75,0:13:19.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,certainly nothing\Nwe as individuals could do.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.56,0:13:25.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in fact, we've been finding\Nin our own laboratory research
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.52,0:13:31.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that small psychological interventions,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.70,0:13:34.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,small changes to people's values,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.83,0:13:38.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,small nudges in certain directions,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.21,0:13:41.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can restore levels\Nof egalitarianism and empathy.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.76,0:13:46.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For instance, reminding people\Nof the benefits of cooperation
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.06,0:13:47.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the advantages of community,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.96,0:13:52.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cause wealthier individuals\Nto be just as egalitarian
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.80,0:13:54.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as poor people.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.37,0:14:00.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In one study, we had people watch\Na brief video, just 46 seconds long,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.92,0:14:02.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about childhood poverty
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.14,0:14:07.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that served as a reminder of the needs\Nof others in the world around them.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.26,0:14:10.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And after watching that,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:10.18,0:14:13.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we looked at how willing people\Nwere to offer up their own time
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.24,0:14:18.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a stranger presented to them\Nin the lab, who was in distress.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.03,0:14:22.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After watching this video, an hour later,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.27,0:14:25.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rich people became\Njust as generous of their own time
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.67,0:14:27.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help out this other person, a stranger,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.84,0:14:29.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as someone who's poor,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:29.31,0:14:33.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,suggesting that these differences\Nare not innate or categorical,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.60,0:14:37.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but are so malleable\Nto slight changes in people's values,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.38,0:14:40.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and little nudges of compassion\Nand bumps of empathy.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.17,0:14:42.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And beyond the walls of our lab,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.77,0:14:46.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're even beginning to see\Nsigns of change in society.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.89,0:14:50.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bill Gates, one of our nation's\Nwealthiest individuals,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.06,0:14:51.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in his Harvard commencement speech,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:52.02,0:14:54.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,talked about the problem\Nof inequality facing society
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.90,0:14:57.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as being the most daunting challenge,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:57.59,0:15:00.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and talked about what must\Nbe done to combat it,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.45,0:15:05.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,saying, "Humanity's greatest advances\Nare not in its discoveries --
Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.49,0:15:08.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in how those discoveries are applied
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.54,0:15:10.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to reduce inequity."
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.36,0:15:13.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there's the Giving Pledge,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.31,0:15:17.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which more than 100\Nof our nation's wealthiest individuals
Dialogue: 0,0:15:18.08,0:15:21.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are pledging half\Nof their fortunes to charity.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.89,0:15:26.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there's the emergence of dozens\Nof grassroots movements,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:27.14,0:15:28.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like "We are the 1 percent,"
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.51,0:15:30.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Resource Generation,"
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.56,0:15:33.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or "Wealth for Common Good,"
Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.47,0:15:37.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which the most privileged\Nmembers of the population,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.83,0:15:40.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,members of the one percent and elsewhere,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:40.80,0:15:42.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people who are wealthy,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:42.66,0:15:46.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are using their own economic resources,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:46.14,0:15:50.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,adults and youth alike --\Nthat's what's most striking to me --
Dialogue: 0,0:15:50.40,0:15:53.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leveraging their own privilege,\Ntheir own economic resources,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:53.98,0:15:56.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to combat inequality
Dialogue: 0,0:15:56.85,0:15:59.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by advocating for social policies,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.87,0:16:01.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,changes in social values
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.75,0:16:04.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and changes in people's behavior
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.14,0:16:07.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that work against\Ntheir own economic interests,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.21,0:16:10.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that may ultimately\Nrestore the American dream.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:11.42,0:16:12.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.66,0:16:17.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)