[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.61,0:00:09.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's currently over a thousand\NTED Talks on the TED website.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.79,0:00:14.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I guess many of you here\Nthink that this is quite fantastic,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.81,0:00:16.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,except for me, I don't agree with this.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.71,0:00:18.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think we have a situation here.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.32,0:00:21.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because if you think about it,\N1,000 TED Talks,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.80,0:00:25.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's over 1,000 ideas worth spreading.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.25,0:00:28.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How on earth are you going\Nto spread a thousand ideas?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.27,0:00:33.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even if you just try\Nto get all of those ideas into your head
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.16,0:00:35.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by watching all those thousand TED videos,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.20,0:00:38.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it would actually currently take you\Nover 250 hours to do so.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.36,0:00:41.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I did a little calculation of this.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.95,0:00:46.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The damage to the economy for each one\Nwho does this is around $15,000.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.48,0:00:50.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So having seen this danger to the economy,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.04,0:00:53.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I thought, we need to find\Na solution to this problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.96,0:00:56.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's my approach to it all.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.35,0:01:00.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you look at the current situation,\Nyou have a thousand TED Talks.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.58,0:01:05.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each of those TED Talks has\Nan average length of about 2,300 words.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.47,0:01:10.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now take this together, and you end up\Nwith 2.3 million words of TED Talks,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.20,0:01:12.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is about\Nthree Bibles-worth of content.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.91,0:01:13.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.23,0:01:18.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The obvious question here is,\Ndoes a TED Talk really need 2,300 words?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.01,0:01:20.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Isn't there something shorter?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.50,0:01:22.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, if you have\Nan idea worth spreading,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.61,0:01:26.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,surely you can put it\Ninto something shorter than 2,300 words.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.09,0:01:28.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The only question is,\Nhow short can you get?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.81,0:01:32.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's the minimum amount of words\Nyou would need to do a TED Talk?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.74,0:01:34.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While I was pondering this question,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.49,0:01:37.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I came across this urban legend\Nabout Ernest Hemingway,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.71,0:01:40.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who allegedly said\Nthat these six words here:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.81,0:01:43.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"For sale: baby shoes, never worn,"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.68,0:01:46.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were the best novel he had ever written.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.42,0:01:49.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I also encountered a project\Ncalled Six-Word Memoirs
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.07,0:01:51.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where people were asked,\Ntake your whole life
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.22,0:01:53.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and please sum this up\Ninto six words, such as these here:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.98,0:01:55.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Found true love, married someone else."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.01,0:01:58.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or "Living in existential\Nvacuum; it sucks."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.41,0:01:59.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I actually like that one.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.09,0:02:04.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if a novel can be put into six words
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.52,0:02:07.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a whole memoir can be put\Ninto six words,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.62,0:02:10.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you don't need more than six\Nwords for a TED Talk.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.56,0:02:13.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We could have been done by lunch here.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.80,0:02:15.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.31,0:02:17.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you did this\Nfor all thousand TED Talks,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.55,0:02:20.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you would get from 2.3 million\Nwords down to 6,000.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.90,0:02:22.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I thought this was quite worthwhile.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.80,0:02:24.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I started asking all my friends,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.58,0:02:27.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,please take your favorite TED Talk\Nand put that into six words.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.60,0:02:29.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here are some of the results\Nthat I received.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.87,0:02:31.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think they're quite nice.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.24,0:02:34.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, Dan Pink's talk\Non motivation, which was pretty good,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.36,0:02:37.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you haven't seen it:\N"Drop carrot. Drop stick. Bring meaning."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.49,0:02:40.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's what he's basically talking about\Nin those 18,5 minutes.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.89,0:02:43.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or some even included references\Nto the speakers,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.21,0:02:46.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as Nathan Myhrvold's speaking style,\Nor the one of Tim Ferriss,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.44,0:02:48.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which might be considered\Na bit strenuous at times.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.07,0:02:53.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The challenge here is,\Nif I try to systematically do this,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.21,0:02:55.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would probably end up\Nwith a lot of summaries,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.56,0:02:57.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but not with many friends in the end.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.36,0:03:01.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I had to find a different method,\Npreferably involving total strangers.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.51,0:03:05.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And luckily, there's a website for that,\Ncalled Mechanical Turk,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.14,0:03:07.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a website\Nwhere you can post tasks
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.33,0:03:09.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you don't want to do yourself,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.04,0:03:12.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as "Please summarize this text\Nfor me in six words."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.07,0:03:14.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I didn't allow any low-cost\Ncountries to work on this,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.93,0:03:18.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I found out I could get\Na six-word summary for just 10 cents,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.66,0:03:20.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which I think is a pretty good price.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.52,0:03:23.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even then, unfortunately,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.25,0:03:26.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's not possible to summarize\Neach TED Talk individually.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.12,0:03:28.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because if you do the math,\Nyou have a thousand TED Talks,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.90,0:03:30.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you pay 10 cents each;
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.09,0:03:33.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have to do more than one summary\Nfor each of those talks,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.06,0:03:35.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because some of them will probably\Nbe, or are, really bad.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.87,0:03:38.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I would end up paying\Nhundreds of dollars.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.70,0:03:40.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I thought of a different way,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.50,0:03:45.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by thinking, well, the talks\Nrevolve around certain themes.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.20,0:03:50.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what if I don't let people summarize\Nindividual TED Talks to six words,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.88,0:03:52.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but give them 10 TED Talks\Nat the same time
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.92,0:03:55.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and say, "Please do a six-word\Nsummary for that one."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.57,0:03:57.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would cut my costs by 90 percent.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.76,0:04:00.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So for $60,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.31,0:04:04.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I could summarize a thousand TED Talks\Ninto just 600 summaries,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.32,0:04:06.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which would actually be quite nice.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.30,0:04:09.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Obviously, some people that did that -
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.17,0:04:13.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of course, I payed everyone the 10 cents -
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.85,0:04:17.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of you might actually\Nright now be thinking,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.16,0:04:20.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's downright crazy to have 10 TED Talks\Nsummarized into just six words.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.08,0:04:22.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's actually not,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.79,0:04:25.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because there's an example\Nby statistics professor Hans Rosling.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.94,0:04:28.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I guess many of you have seen\None or more of his talks.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.55,0:04:29.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's got eight talks online,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.91,0:04:33.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and those can basically be summed up\Ninto just four words,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.25,0:04:37.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that's all he's basically\Nshowing us, our intuition is really bad.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.88,0:04:39.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He always proves us wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.17,0:04:42.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So people on the Internet,\Nsome didn't do so well.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.76,0:04:46.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when I asked them to summarize\Nthe 10 TED Talks at the same time,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.17,0:04:47.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some took the easy route out.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.68,0:04:49.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They just had some general comment.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.09,0:04:51.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Others -
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.61,0:04:54.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were others --\Nand I found this quite cheeky --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.17,0:04:56.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They used their six words\Nto talk back to me
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.61,0:04:58.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and ask me if I'd been too much\Non Google lately.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.94,0:05:00.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.12,0:05:03.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And finally also, I never understood this,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.24,0:05:06.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some people really came up\Nwith their own version of the truth.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.40,0:05:09.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know any TED Talk\Nthat contains this.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.04,0:05:10.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, oh well.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.16,0:05:12.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the end, however,\Nand this is really amazing,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.46,0:05:15.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for each of those 10 TED Talk\Nclusters that I submitted,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.33,0:05:17.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I actually received meaningful summaries.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.32,0:05:18.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here are some of my favorites.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.78,0:05:21.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, for the TED Talks about food,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.09,0:05:24.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,someone summed this up into: "Food shaping\Nbody, brains and environment,"
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.57,0:05:25.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which I think is pretty good.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.98,0:05:29.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or happiness: "Striving toward happiness =\Nmoving toward unhappiness."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.30,0:05:30.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here I was.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.47,0:05:32.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had started out\Nwith a thousand TED Talks
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.51,0:05:35.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I had 600 six-word\Nsummaries for those.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.63,0:05:37.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually, it sounded nice\Nin the beginning,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.66,0:05:41.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but when you look at 600 summaries,\Nit's quite a lot, it's a huge list.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.08,0:05:42.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.12,0:05:45.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I thought, I probably have\Nto take this one step further here
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.20,0:05:48.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and create summaries of the summaries,\Nand this is exactly what I did.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.85,0:05:52.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I took the 600 summaries that I had,\Nput them into nine groups
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.15,0:05:56.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,according to the ratings that the talks\Nhad originally received on TED.com
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.06,0:05:58.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and asked people to do summaries of those.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.98,0:06:01.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, there were some misunderstandings.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.98,0:06:04.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, when I had a cluster\Nof all the "Beautiful" talks,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.96,0:06:08.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,someone thought I was just trying\Nto find the ultimate pick-up line.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.21,0:06:10.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in the end, amazingly,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.11,0:06:12.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,again, people were able to do it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.71,0:06:14.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, all the courageous TED Talks:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.79,0:06:17.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"People dying" or "People\Nsuffering" was also one,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.25,0:06:18.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"with easy solutions around."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.68,0:06:21.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or the recipe for the ultimate\Njaw-dropping TED Talk:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.18,0:06:23.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Flickr photos of intergalactic\Nclassical composer."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.74,0:06:26.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean that's the essence of it all.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.61,0:06:31.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now I had my nine groups, but, I mean,\Nit's already quite a reduction.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.61,0:06:35.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But of course, once you are that far,\Nyou're not really satisfied.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.07,0:06:38.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wanted to go all the way,\Nall the way down the distillery,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.32,0:06:40.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,starting out with a thousand TED Talks.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.23,0:06:43.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wanted to have a thousand TED Talks\Nsummarized into just six words --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.62,0:06:48.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which would be a 99.9997 percent\Nreduction in content.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.12,0:06:51.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I would only pay $99.50 --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.78,0:06:53.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so stay even below $100 for it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.91,0:06:56.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I had 50 overall summaries done.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.63,0:06:58.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This time I paid 25 cents
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.06,0:07:00.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I thought the task\Nwas a bit harder.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.19,0:07:03.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And unfortunately,\Nwhen I first received the answers --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.94,0:07:07.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and here, you'll see six of the answers --\NI was a bit disappointed.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.18,0:07:10.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because I think you'll agree,\Nthey all summarize some aspect of TED,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.83,0:07:13.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but to me, they felt a bit bland,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.08,0:07:16.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or they just had\Na certain aspect of TED in them.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.97,0:07:18.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I was almost ready to give up
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.76,0:07:21.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when one night, I played around\Nwith these sentences
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.88,0:07:25.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and found out that there's actually\Na beautiful solution in here.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.83,0:07:28.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here it is,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.22,0:07:32.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a crowd-sourced, six-word\Nsummary of a thousand TED Talks
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.22,0:07:34.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the value of $99.50:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.03,0:07:37.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Why the worry? I'd rather wonder."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.70,0:07:38.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.98,0:07:44.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)