WEBVTT 00:00:07.036 --> 00:00:08.073 Hi everyone! 00:00:08.446 --> 00:00:12.675 Welcome to "Globalization, Education, and Localization: 00:00:12.675 --> 00:00:16.413 How a little bit of language can go a long way at work." 00:00:16.770 --> 00:00:19.434 My name is Stephanie Horn and I'm excited 00:00:19.434 --> 00:00:23.722 to be presenting today from my home in New-York, in the United States, 00:00:23.722 --> 00:00:26.204 which is actually nowhere near New-York City. 00:00:26.655 --> 00:00:29.038 This is my second time at the Gathering, 00:00:29.038 --> 00:00:31.378 I actually wanted to... 00:00:31.378 --> 00:00:33.237 I've wanted to go for years, 00:00:33.539 --> 00:00:36.856 but I've been a teacher and it's right around final exam time 00:00:36.856 --> 00:00:39.013 so not really time to travel, so 00:00:39.564 --> 00:00:41.852 I was able to attend virtually last year, 00:00:41.852 --> 00:00:44.918 and you know, hopefully I'll be able to come in person someday. 00:00:46.638 --> 00:00:50.269 So the title is definitely a cute rhyme, 00:00:50.269 --> 00:00:52.720 but it's also the structure of the presentation, 00:00:52.720 --> 00:00:56.568 so, let's break down what each part means. 00:00:57.640 --> 00:01:00.038 The first part is "Globalization", 00:01:00.038 --> 00:01:04.420 and we often use this word when talking about international companies, 00:01:04.420 --> 00:01:06.438 and international influences. 00:01:06.438 --> 00:01:08.817 I went to business school to study accounting 00:01:08.817 --> 00:01:12.730 and my professors would always talk about the world getting smaller, 00:01:12.730 --> 00:01:16.198 which means that you know, with the Internet, the ability to travel, 00:01:16.198 --> 00:01:20.582 and disposable income, people can now access more parts of the world 00:01:20.582 --> 00:01:22.632 than they could even a few decades ago. 00:01:23.515 --> 00:01:26.913 With access to the world, comes access to language, cultures, 00:01:26.913 --> 00:01:30.064 and sometimes more jobs or business opportunities. 00:01:30.315 --> 00:01:32.991 So under this umbrella of globalization, 00:01:32.991 --> 00:01:35.846 I will talk about my experiences trying out languages 00:01:35.846 --> 00:01:38.974 with colleagues and clients who are from all over the world. 00:01:40.341 --> 00:01:41.956 Next is "Education". 00:01:42.139 --> 00:01:44.990 As I mentionned at the beginning, I used to be a teacher. 00:01:44.990 --> 00:01:48.255 I taught English to speakers of other languages for seven years 00:01:48.255 --> 00:01:50.902 in the United States and in a few other countries, 00:01:50.902 --> 00:01:53.724 and the interesting thing about teaching 00:01:53.724 --> 00:01:56.407 your native language in your native country 00:01:56.407 --> 00:01:59.617 is that you often end up with students from all over the world, 00:01:59.617 --> 00:02:02.708 with multiple languages spoken in the classroom, and many of which 00:02:02.708 --> 00:02:04.353 you don't even know yourself. 00:02:04.518 --> 00:02:09.792 So I'll explain how I navigated some of these multilingual challenges as a teacher 00:02:09.792 --> 00:02:11.926 in this education segment. 00:02:12.993 --> 00:02:14.807 Then, we have "Localization". 00:02:15.474 --> 00:02:20.274 "Localization" is a term used for adapting products or services to different regions. 00:02:20.503 --> 00:02:23.808 And this often means translating into the local language, 00:02:23.808 --> 00:02:26.807 or adjusting for cultural norms and expectations. 00:02:27.874 --> 00:02:30.924 I'm currently project manager in the translation industry, 00:02:30.924 --> 00:02:35.040 and I very often work with languages that I can't read or write, 00:02:35.040 --> 00:02:38.807 so I'll explain how all of that works in localization. 00:02:40.107 --> 00:02:42.356 And then, the final part of the title is 00:02:42.356 --> 00:02:45.507 "How a little bit of language can go a long way at work." 00:02:45.805 --> 00:02:48.289 And so, that's kind of trying to answer the question 00:02:48.289 --> 00:02:52.607 "How can I use basic language skills to benefit myself and others?" 00:02:53.008 --> 00:02:54.841 And that keyword is "basic", 00:02:54.841 --> 00:02:58.911 which I guess we could say is like A1 or A2 in the common european framework. 00:02:58.911 --> 00:03:01.835 So knowing a bit of vocabulary, being able to 00:03:01.835 --> 00:03:04.524 hold a small conversation, things like that. 00:03:05.350 --> 00:03:08.433 There's definitvely lots of different schools of thought 00:03:08.433 --> 00:03:10.301 in the language learning community, 00:03:10.301 --> 00:03:12.992 about what it really means to know a language, 00:03:12.992 --> 00:03:15.339 or when knowledge can be considered useful, 00:03:15.339 --> 00:03:18.267 and, you know I'm not trying to argue that 00:03:18.267 --> 00:03:21.834 being able to say "sziasztok" means that you're fluent in Hungarian, 00:03:21.834 --> 00:03:24.482 but I do think that any amount of knowledge 00:03:24.482 --> 00:03:26.707 can be useful in the right context. 00:03:27.151 --> 00:03:29.874 So in short, I'll be explaining how I've been able 00:03:29.874 --> 00:03:32.824 to use basic language skills to make a difference 00:03:32.824 --> 00:03:36.556 in different multicultural and multilingual worplaces, 00:03:36.556 --> 00:03:38.640 and how you might be able to as well. 00:03:39.881 --> 00:03:43.394 So let's talk first about this term "Imposter Syndrome". 00:03:43.394 --> 00:03:46.290 It's probably something that many of us can relate to. 00:03:46.820 --> 00:03:49.176 So Imposter Syndrome is doubting your abilities 00:03:49.176 --> 00:03:51.740 or thinking you're not good enough, 00:03:51.740 --> 00:03:53.539 or that you don't deserve your accomplishments. 00:03:53.874 --> 00:03:56.453 I see this all the time, and experience it myself, 00:03:57.143 --> 00:03:59.315 people write a gramatically perfect post, 00:03:59.315 --> 00:04:02.119 and then end it with, you know, "Sorry for my bad English!" 00:04:02.119 --> 00:04:05.603 or they scored a C1at a language exam, and like, 00:04:05.603 --> 00:04:08.845 "Oh, must have just been a lucky day, because my Dutch is terrible!" 00:04:08.845 --> 00:04:10.724 or, you know, 00:04:10.724 --> 00:04:13.128 "Oh, well I speak three languages but you know, 00:04:13.128 --> 00:04:16.229 it's not that big of a deal, because this person speaks five!" 00:04:16.489 --> 00:04:17.882 It's great to be humble, 00:04:17.882 --> 00:04:20.255 and recognize that you have more to learn, 00:04:20.255 --> 00:04:23.962 but being too humble can actually be detrimental 00:04:23.962 --> 00:04:26.195 to your motivation and success. 00:04:27.303 --> 00:04:29.833 So what can we do to stop feeling 00:04:29.833 --> 00:04:31.646 like our skills are not good enough? 00:04:31.845 --> 00:04:33.504 It's really about your mindset. 00:04:33.624 --> 00:04:36.312 Start by setting small realistic checkpoints 00:04:36.312 --> 00:04:37.858 on the way to your end goal, 00:04:37.858 --> 00:04:39.508 and celebrate when you reach them! 00:04:39.938 --> 00:04:42.228 I studied abroad in Hungary many years ago 00:04:42.228 --> 00:04:44.299 and my goal was to be able to have 00:04:44.299 --> 00:04:46.456 a conversation with my friends in hungarian 00:04:46.456 --> 00:04:47.557 by the time I left. 00:04:48.190 --> 00:04:50.850 Some of my goals along the way included 00:04:50.850 --> 00:04:52.885 buying a bus ticket without anyone translating for me, 00:04:52.885 --> 00:04:55.203 or asking a stranger for directions 00:04:55.203 --> 00:04:57.610 and understanding the response. 00:04:57.393 --> 00:04:59.978 And each time I did something like that, 00:04:59.978 --> 00:05:02.700 I just had to remind myself that you know, 00:05:02.700 --> 00:05:03.603 "I couldn't do this yesterday, 00:05:03.603 --> 00:05:05.564 so it's awesome that I can do it today!" 00:05:05.592 --> 00:05:07.873 And just, you know, celebrating that little win. 00:05:08.523 --> 00:05:12.121 A lot of us also dream of being mistaken for native speakers, 00:05:12.121 --> 00:05:14.752 and it's really cool when you are, 00:05:14.752 --> 00:05:17.547 but I also think, spending too much time 00:05:17.572 --> 00:05:19.522 comparing yourself to native speakers 00:05:19.522 --> 00:05:21.587 can be destructive to your self-esteem. 00:05:22.174 --> 00:05:24.720 Native speakers have had an entire lifetime 00:05:24.720 --> 00:05:27.305 of experience speaking your target language, 00:05:27.305 --> 00:05:29.589 so they have years more practice than you do. 00:05:30.250 --> 00:05:33.508 It's like starting piano lessons and thinking you're terrible 00:05:33.508 --> 00:05:36.910 because you don't play as well as Mozart and Beethoven. 00:05:36.910 --> 00:05:38.341 You know, it's great to look up to these people, 00:05:38.341 --> 00:05:40.920 and use them as role models for improving your skills, 00:05:40.920 --> 00:05:42.908 but just, you know, be careful 00:05:42.908 --> 00:05:45.997 with how you let that affect your self-worth. 00:05:46.215 --> 00:05:48.300 As long as your making progress, 00:05:48.300 --> 00:05:50.107 you're moving in the right direction. 00:05:50.267 --> 00:05:52.884 And finally, consider your purpose for learning 00:05:52.884 --> 00:05:55.050 and use that to mesure your progress. 00:05:55.633 --> 00:05:58.131 So if you want to be conversationnal in Korean, 00:05:58.131 --> 00:05:59.550 and you can make jokes, 00:05:59.550 --> 00:06:03.017 you can navigate the honorific system correctly, 00:06:03.017 --> 00:06:06.100 you can carry on conversations about various topics, 00:06:06.100 --> 00:06:07.683 but you can't understand 00:06:07.683 --> 00:06:10.499 a Korean research paper about organic chemistry, 00:06:10.499 --> 00:06:13.665 I think you can still call yourself conversationnal. 00:06:14.031 --> 00:06:17.998 Because your goal was never to discuss scientific issues 00:06:17.998 --> 00:06:20.599 at an intense, you know, level, 00:06:20.599 --> 00:06:22.649 so it makes sense that you never focused 00:06:22.649 --> 00:06:25.881 on the terminology or background knowledge needed to do so. 00:06:26.399 --> 00:06:29.782 So using that to measure your abilities is unfair to yourself. 00:06:30.678 --> 00:06:34.368 You know, hopefully the next time you find yourself dwelling on your mistakes 00:06:34.368 --> 00:06:36.934 or feeling bad about your language learning abilities, 00:06:36.934 --> 00:06:39.427 you'll remember some of these tips and keep going. 00:06:40.757 --> 00:06:43.101 Moving on to "Globalization", 00:06:43.101 --> 00:06:45.533 just something that I wanted to point out, 00:06:45.533 --> 00:06:48.533 last year Aleksandar Medjedovic did a great presentation 00:06:48.533 --> 00:06:50.116 called "Do you speak business?", 00:06:50.116 --> 00:06:51.809 about the way knowing languages 00:06:51.809 --> 00:06:54.232 could impact your career in different job sectors. 00:06:54.583 --> 00:06:56.800 And I'd really recommend checking that out 00:06:56.800 --> 00:06:58.998 if you are looking to market your languages 00:06:58.998 --> 00:07:00.265 for job opportunities. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Since we are focusing more on basic skills here I'll just talk a little bit 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 about when I think you should or shouldn't try to communicate in a foreign language 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that you're just begining to learn. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So why you should try : 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 One thing is that people care when they think that /you/ care. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So of courses there are cultural differences, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 in how employers and employees 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 treat each other and interact with each other in the workplace 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 depending on where you are, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but I think that most of us would agree that we like to feel valued and included, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and when we feel valued and included, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 we take more pride in what we do, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and that leads to better performance and productivity, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 which is great for everyone. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So when you have employees or colleagues that speak another language, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 taking the time to learn about their language and culture 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 sends a message that they're important to you, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and worth your time, and you get 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to establish much more meaninful connections with them. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 My friend worked in a kitchen with mostly Spanish speaking employees 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and when she started using Spanish to talk with them, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 it really improved the mood in the kitchen and boosted morale, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 because everyone really appreciated 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that their boss was going out of her way 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to communicate with them in their language. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And a lot of bosses don't really take the time to do that. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I worked in a school with a colleague from Nepal, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and I had worked in previous jobs with Nepalese students, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I was getting ready for a trip to Nepal, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 so I started, you know, speaking a little bit of Nepalese with him 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and he was really excited because no one else had really tried to do that before. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And we ended up becoming friends, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and we developped a bond that helped both of us, you know, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 personally and profesionally. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So without that language as a common ground, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 we might have not thought to connect in that way. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 We might not have been, you know, as likely to establish a friendship. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Language can also open the door to business and networking opportunities. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I used recruit international students at a local school, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and I once traveled with a group of recruiters 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to a business school in China. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 None of us spoke Mandarin very well, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but some of us tried to speak what we knew, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and engage in small talk with students and teachers. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 When it came time for students to pick the school they liked, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 they almost always picked the school with recruiters who tried 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to speak in their language. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Because we were the ones who showed that we cared about them, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 beyond just the money they were going to give us. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And you know, we made the kids feel like we'd do our best to look out for them, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and make them feel safe and comfortable if they came to study with us. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So that personal touch and connection can make a big difference in business, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 so language is just one of the ways you can do that, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 you don't need to be fluent or very proficent 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to be able to, you know, make a little difference. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Those are just two ways that basic language skills 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 can be helpful in the workplace, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but of course there are times when you should stick to your native language 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 or the established language of business for your workplace. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So when I say "the established language of business", 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 my current company for example has offices and business partners 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 in many countries around the world, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but we're supposed to do all official client communication in English. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So that's our, like, established language of business. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 You should really be careful of anything beyond small talk, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 any negotiation, technical discussions, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 topics that require expressing complex ideas, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 those should be done in a language you speak conmfortably. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 It's really important that everyone's thoughts and questions 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 are communicated accurately when business is at stake, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 so you should do that in a language 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that you feel really comfortable with, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 even if it requires, you know, the use of a translator or interpreter. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 The same with legal informations, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 or informations that your colleagues might need access to later, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and they don't speak your target language. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So that would be like contracts, instructions, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 policy updates, any of those should be documented 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 in the established language of business. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And you know, I do believe that any employee 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 who don't speak or read the established language of business very proficiently 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 should have access to this type of information 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 in their home language, but that's not something 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that you as a beginner should be doing, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 you should be outsourcing that to someone who is fluent in the home language, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 like a profesionnal translator or interpreter. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Next we move on to "Education". 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So, just to show you how truly multilingual this experience has been, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I've compiled a list of languages 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and created a map of the birthplaces of students I've worked with 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 as an "English as a New Language" or an ENL teacher. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And these are the ways the students have identified their languages themselves, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 it's not meant to be political in any way. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Yeah, so to give a bit of background, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I've taught every grade from kindergarten, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 which in the U.S begins at age four or five, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 or adult education classes, with students 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 as old as 75. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Some were international students, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 meaning they came to the U.S for the purpose of studying, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 some were immigrants whose families had chosen to move here for work 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 or other opportunities. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And most were refugees who were displaced from their homes for a variety of reason, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and selected to relocate to my city. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Even though the United States doesn't have an official language, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 most of the schools in the country have instructions in English. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So when a student enroll in school for the first time in New York state, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 they are asked which languages are spoken at home and, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 depending on the answer, they take a placement exam 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to determine their level of English, and what language services they need. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 The students take another exam at the end of the school year 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to measure their progress and decide 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 what services they need next year, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and they keep taking this test every year 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 until their scores are high enough to be proficient. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 We do teach social English, but the primary goal is 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 English for academic purposes, because we want all of our students 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to graduate and have professional success, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 whether they go to college or go right into the workplace. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 It's probably a very different experience that some of you have had 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 learning languages for fun. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I also want to bring up some of the challenges that my students have faced. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Because I don't think that it applies to all language learners, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but it's really like a good perspective to have. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Some of my students have missed years of school, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 maybe even never went to school before, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 due to circumstances like sickness or war. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 They might have never even learnt to read or do maths, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 which means even, you know, some teenagers we start working with, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 we need to teach them the fundamentals of learning in addition to language skills. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So many of our students struggle with adapting to 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 american school culture but the kids with interrupted and limited schooling 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 have even more difficult adjusting and progressing. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Which is not to say they can't be successful, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but they just have more challenges to overcome than other kids their age. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Many of my students experience post-traumatic stress disorder, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 based on situations that happened to them 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 before they came to our school. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And this can affect their concentration 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and ability to take in new informations. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Lack of technology skills or ressources is a huge issue as well. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Even before school went remote because of the pandemic, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 in the U.S most schools required students to carry around a computer, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and do all their work online. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 But not all students are comfortable with technology, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 or have access to it at home. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I actually once worked with a 17 years old who grew up in a refugee camp, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and didn't know what a computer was until his first day in our school. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So we actually had to spend like, a week, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 teaching him how to sign on a computer, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and to use a password, and then we had to teach him to, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 you know, use Google Docs. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I'm sure technology has been a great benefit 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to many of you while learning languages 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 so you know, just imagine how different the experience might have been 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 without all the access to it. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Age is also a factor, which is not to say 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 you can't learn a language after a certain age, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but it does affect the services that people can receive. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So, in New-York state, most american kids ograduate high-school by age 17 or 18, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but you can go to public school until age 21. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So anyone in public school who requires english services receive them for free. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Once you graduate or turn 21, you're no longer eligible for free services. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So, depending on how old you are when you arrive in New-York 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 you need to learn english completely by yourself 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 or just do volunteer programs, that sometimes don't have certified teachers. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 That's often easier said than done 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 when you consider some of these others factors. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And, due to the limited services for adults, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 there is many situations where immigrant and refugee children 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 speak english better than their parents, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 so parents often rely on their children 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to interprate and translate and take care of important matters for the family. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Sometimes parents aren't able to help 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 with homework or other importants school issues, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 because they aren't educated themselves or, you know, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 just the american school environment is just so new to them, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that they don't know how to help. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Sometimes children miss school or can't get their homework done 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 because they're working or taking their parents to appointments. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So very often these kids, you know, a lot of my students said 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that they always felt like the adult in the family, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and it can lead to power struggles within the family, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and it can often lead to less emphasis on school. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And finally, while many of my students are polyglots, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I mean, I worked with a few students who spoke five or six languages 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 before learning english, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 sometimes they feel that their skills are not valued, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 because they don't speak, maybe like a cool language, or a popular language, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 which is unfortunately often tied to race or country of origin, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and these students might struggle with motivation or confidence or making friends, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and they might struggle more with that Impostor Syndrome. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 You know, thinking that, you know, they have all these skills 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but it doesn't matter, because they don't speak the right languages, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 or they might think that they're stupid 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 because they haven't picked up english quickly. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 But, you know, we all know that 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 the ability to learn a language is not based on just your intelligence. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 It's also based on your motivation, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 the degree of similarity with other languages you know, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and a whole multitude of things. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 All of these perceptions could affect the ability to improve english 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 or even motivation to come to school at all. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I think that these are important to point out, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 because many of us have the privilege of learning languages, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 so you know, we think it's fun, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 or we want to be able to watch Japanese anime, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 or we want to make more money at work, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and if you're at this conference you have a large support system of fellow polyglots 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 who can encourage you and help you practice 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but in many cases language learning is a necessity 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and without that support system 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 or access to the right tools, or the right state of mind, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 it can be really challenging. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So, you know, I'm not asking you to feel guilty or to feel pity for anyone, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but I would encourage you to find a way to use your skills to support learners 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 who might not have the same opportunities. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So, some examples of why, you know, even though I'm trying to teach english, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 why I might use my students' languages. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 The first is to build rapport, which is just a fancy way of saying, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 connecting and learning to trust each other. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So think of your first day at school or a new job or a new city : 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 it was probably a little scary if you didn't know anyone. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So imagine being a young child and not knowing anyone, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 not understanding the culture, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and not understanding what anyone is saying to you. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Even if people have big smiles on their faces, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and they're trying to be nice, it's still scary 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 if you can't understand what anyone is saying. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And depending on the circumtstances that led you to this new place, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 you might already have a hard time trusting strangers and, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 you know, feeling safe. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So there is actually a term in english learning 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 called the "affective filter". 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And if someone is stressed or nervous, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 all those feelings act like a filter or a wall, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that prevents you from retaining new information. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So if a person is feeling safe and comfortable, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that filter is lowered, and they can learn better. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So a good tip for trying to speak a language is 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to get yourself into a environment 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 where you feel comfortable taking risks 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and you'll probably perform much better. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 As a teacher, I always try to use students languages as much as possible 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 when I first meet them 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to help them feel welcome and just let them know 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I'm someone that cares and you can take risks around me. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I'll never forget I had a new student from Cuba, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 couldn't speak any english, and I showed her around the school 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 with my very elementary spanish, so like, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 "Okay, esta la biblioteca, esta el baño... Tienes hermano?" 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 You know, I don't speak spanish very well, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I actually studied italian for a long time 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 so at some point I think I actually started 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 accidentally speaking italian to her, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but she was really grateful that 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I recognized she was scared, and tried to make her feel better, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and eventually, when she was ready to start speaking english, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 she felt comfortable trying that with me, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 because she'd already seen me embarass myself, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and step out of my comfort zone. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So I set the tone for the class, like 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 "It's okay to make mistakes here!" 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And, you know, as a teacher in general 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I would encourage you to create that environment yourself. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Anyone who tried immersion in their target language 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 knows that it's very exhausting, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 it can be really embarassing, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and how relieving and empowering it is 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 when you actually understand what people are saying. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So, you know, those little bits of the student's first language 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 can be a breath of fresh air at first. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 It's also helpful in meeting parents. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So a lot of students' parents are nervous about coming to school 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 because they don't speak english 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and the american school system is so different from what they're used to. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So we do use interpreters for conversations with parents, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but speaking a few words and phrases of the home language yourself 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 sets the tone of the visit that, you know, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 "we care about you and welcome you want to work with you." 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Another reason to learn your students' language is 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 it can actually help you be a better teacher in some ways 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 because understanding how another language works 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 helps you understand the differences with your native language. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So as an english teacher, understanding 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 some of the fundamentals of different languages means like, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 "Okay I've got a new student who is 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 from an arabic speaking country, they'll, you know, definitely need 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to learn the latin alphabet, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and they'll need to learn how to write left to right instead of right to left. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 But they also might have trouble with /b/ and /p/. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Their writing, you know they might need help with when to use a comma, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 or when to stop a sentence. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I found a lot of my Aarabic speakers would have like, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 really run-on sentences because of the way that writing system is different in Arabic. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Every student is different, and will have unique challenges to learning language. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I've actually worked with twins and triplets who have had totally different needs. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 But understanding their language background 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 can really help you figure out starting points for what to teach. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And of course, your goal as an ENL teacher 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 is ultimately to teach students English 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but there are times when you need to communicate to students or families 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 in their home language and, there's limits to what you should do yourself. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I would go to a professional translator or interpreter 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 for anything that's highly academic, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 any important legal or school information, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 like anything you'd send home to all the parents, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that should be available in the parents' home language. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And any serious mental or physical health concerns, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 like if you needed to go to a psychiatrist 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 or a social worker. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 A1 or A2 language skills can make a huge difference 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 in helping families to acclimate and learn English, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but it's not very enough to discuss very serious topics 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that could impact a child's future or health and, you know, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 we try to treat everyone with dignity and respect, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 regardless of their language background so, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 if I'm trying to have a serious discussion while trying to talk to an adult 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 with the vocabulary of a child, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 you know, that's maybe not the most respectful way 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to include them in the conversation. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So, how do we communicate, when we can't communicate? 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Well, there's a lot of great professional services 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 for schools and workplaces, in the United States at least. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 We have local translations agencies, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that will not only translate letters and school documents, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but also state exams. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 The translators will sit with the students 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and read questions, or even the whole test. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 We've even had a student write a whole essay in Ukrainian, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and the translator translated it into English for us. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So these things helps us understand 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 what the students actually know, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and not just what they're limited in expressing through English skills. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 New-York also has bilingual glossaries, which I'll show in a minute, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 these are for major school subjects 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and in a ton of different languages, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and students can use them for reference 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 when working with academic vocabulary. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And we also have an over-the-phone interpreting service, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 which when you call the number, you punch in a code, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I think it's like, 23 for Arabic, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and they get an interpreter on the phone, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 who can help you make phone calls. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 They can also be, you know, if you're in a meeting 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and an interpreter is not present, you could put the phone on speakerphone 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and have that interpreter interpret the conversation. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Some strategies that I use as a teacher, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I think the best way to help students is 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to just meet them at their level. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 There is a language learning theory called "I+one", 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 which means that the best way to improve your language skills 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 is to expose yourself to content that is 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 just a little bit more difficult that your current level. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 If it's too easy you won't progress, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and if it's way too hard you won't progress either, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 because you know, you might burn out. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So expecting students that, you know, came with a very low English proficiency score, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 expecting them to read and understand a History textbook 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 on their first day of school probably isn't very fair, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and will probably kill their self-esteem. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 But maybe they can read a picture book about an historical event, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and answer questions about it. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Start there, gradually add more. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Some examples of specific supports are like simplified texts, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 which maybe some of you use in your target language, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and sentence frames, to help with writing. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So, in these cases here are some sentence frames 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that I might help the student with for an essay or a debate. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So all they really have to focus on at first 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 is putting in like, the meat of the content. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And then, they kind of see these examples 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and learn the structures of the sentences 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that we would expect them to write. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And here are some bilingual glossaries, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 so here is English Language Arts in Albanian, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Math glossary for grades 3 to 5 in Tibetan, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and Slovak Earth Science, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and here is Physics for Twi. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And while we're on the topic of translation, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 we can move on to localization. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Here's another fun list : all the languages I've worked with 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 since starting work as a project manager 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 in the translation industry. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 As you can see there's a lot of languages and just to clarify, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 translation is reading and writing, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and interpretation is speaking and listening. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So I wish I could read and write all these languages, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but I do not. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So, people ask a lot, you know, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 "Do I need to know a bunch of languages to work in the translation industry?" 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And I have been surprised to find out 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that really the only ones that require 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 fluency or proficiency in multiple languages 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 are translator and interpreter. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And you would typically translate or interprate 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 into your native language because, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 you know, I guess that depends on need, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but you might be fluent in a bunch of languages, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but you'll typically better understand the cultural or linguistic nuances 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that make the words sound natural in your native language. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And then, we also like, really look for people who have industry experience, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 so if I'm translating a medical document, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I'd hire a linguist who has medical experience 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 over a linguist with business experience. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Same for legal documents, engineering documents, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 anything with technical knowkedge. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So if you want to be a translator, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 it really helps to study and work in other fields 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 besides just studying linguistics. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 My friend is an American sign language interpreter, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and she had to interpret for a biochemistry exam 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and I just, you know, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 she had to learn a whole bunch of biochemistry 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to be able to help, because she's like, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 "This is not my field at all!" 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So yeah, obviously that industry knowledge makes a big difference 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 depending on what your translating or interpreting. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And, you know, for any job we also look for communication 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and ability to meet deadlines, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 so if you produce great work, but you're rude, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and you don't turn your work in on time, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 people won't want to hire you. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And then, yeah, here are a few jobs 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 in the translation industry, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that don't always require knowing 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 a bunch of languages outside of 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 your company's official language of business. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 This was really surprising to me, when I started. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 How many jobs there are where other skills 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 are kind of, maybe maybe more important. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So for example my company's language of business is English. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I need to know English for my job 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 so I can communicate with clients and service providers, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but if I'm managing a translation project in Turkish and Swahili, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I don't need to understand those languages to do my job. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So examples, I'm a project manager 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that's what I do, when we receive a project 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I kind of hire the linguist to do the job, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and anyone to do like, special services, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and I deliver it and, you know, do quality checks. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Graphic Designers and Media Specialists 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 are the ones that actually, you know, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 actually put the translation into posters and videos, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and make sure it looks good. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Localization Engineers are programmers, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 so they get the translation 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 into apps and websites. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And the recruiters are people who 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 find people to work for the company 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 in different departments, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and negotiate their pay. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So in many of these jobs 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 you'll be surrounded by languages 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but you don't have to know them all fluently. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Instead you'll have to know things 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 like programming or working in indesign, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 or building relationships 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and communicating effectively... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So these are great jobs to look into 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 if you like languages, but you're maybe not... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 You don't have the skills to be a translator or an interpreter, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 or that doesn't really interest you. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 There's lot of other things you can do, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and still work with languages. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So I don't always know the languages, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I don't always speak or read the languages needed within the project, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 so a lot of responsability does fall 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 on our translators and interpreters 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to make sure the project is completed with the best quality. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 But there are some translation tools that 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 even I, you know, can use for quality. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So one is the translation memory, or the TM. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 When we put a document into translation software, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 the text is divided up into segmrents like sentences or phrases. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And when the project is finished, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 the segment is saved into the translation memory 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 for future use. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So the next time that segment appears in another project, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 it will show you similar segments that were already translated, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 which helps with consistency. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Here, this is a software called memoQ, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 we see "The next stop is Tower Bridge", 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and that's 70% similar to a previous translation 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 "The next stop is Charring Cross" 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So that 70% is the similarity to previous translations, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and it also tells you what's different between the translations. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So here the only difference is that 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 one is Charring Cross, the other is Tower Bridge, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and we won't be translating those names anyway, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 so we can use that same construction 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 (German): "Die nächste Haltestelle ist" 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and then you just put in "Tower Bridge". 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Another thing that helps is the Term base. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So this is a glossary that the client provides to us, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that tells us their preferred translation 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 for certain words and phrases. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And it's programmed into the software, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 so anytime the word or phrase appears in the text, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 the linguist knows to use that. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 In this case it's a program called Memsource, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and these yellow words mean that 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 there's something in the Term base for them, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and red mean that you should not ever use that translation. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So my russian is not great, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but I know that "download" should be 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 translated as "скачать". 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So if a different word is used, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I know that the linguist didn't follow the Term base. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And I know here, "Memsource" should not ever 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 be spelled with a capital "S". 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So that helps with consistency as well. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And we also have what's called a Quality Assurance, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 or QA check, which are automated checks 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 for translations errors or, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 you know it basically looks into the translation, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 analyzes them against rules or ressources that we programmed in, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and it helps us look for inconsistencies. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So here, this is from MadCap Lingo, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 there's three different translations of 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 "Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall", 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that are all a little bit different. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So what I would do, if I was looking at this QA report, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I would ask the linguist to review them, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and just make sure that those are supposed 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to be intentionally different. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And if not, then they should fix them 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to meke them more standard. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So it's not necessary to know the languages your team is translating, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but there are a few ways it can be helpful. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So one would be catching small mistakes, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 like typos, or if there is issues with formatting, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 maybe a word is supposed to be bolded in the english file, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but the formatting didn't transfer over to the target file. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 If you know those words then you can kind of find that. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 That's also helpful if you know right to left languages, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 like Hebrew and Arabic. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Sometimes when you copy and paste 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 into certain files formats, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 the orientation is not preserved, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 so it comes out backward. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 If you don't know those languages 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 you might not realize that you might send 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 something to the client that's completely useless. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So, that's always very helpful, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and we do use English for official communications 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but any opportunity to use a little bit of languages with your partners 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 during small talks is always appreciated. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Very helpful for phone calls too! 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 A lot of our clients and service providers 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 have operators who only speak the local language 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 so if you call and try to speak english, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I've been hang up on before. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 One time I reached an answering machine in French 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and I left an awkard message because I don't speak French, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and I didn't realize the answering machine 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 said that they were closed for the next three days, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and I only figured that out 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 after a colleague called them with a question. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And you know, a little bit of French 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 might have been helpful there! 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 We can also sometimes use our knowledge in QA reports, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 even knowing a little bit about grammar could be helpful. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So here are some examples of text 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that might show up in the Term base. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So in the case of Polish, there's only one word 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that we use for "operating system" that's translated in. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And so there's all these different declensions, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 where the computer just reads the rule: 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 "'operating system" has always been translated this way" 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and flags all of these as errors, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but depending on the context, these are correct. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Same with Latvian. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 The Term base only says translate "patients" as this, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and if this comes up, then it will say an error. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So that's a false positive. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Unfortunately, computers can't critically think 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 the way that we can, so this happens a lot. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 The same with Portuguese, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 in these two cases, there's two different versions of the word "good", 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and it's flagged for inconsistency, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but they're actually correct because 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 there are gender differences, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and the words they are referring to, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 one is male and the other one is female, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 so they actually should not be the same word. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And the same in German: 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 in this case "die die" is flagged as a potential typo 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 because the same word shows up twice. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 But in this case "die" is a relative pronoun 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 for "Die Frau", "The woman", 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and it can also be an article 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 for "the milk", "die Milch". 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So that's actually correct, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but a computer just knows the rules 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to, you know, make sure that the same word isn't repeated. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 This happens in some other languages as well. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So these are examples of times 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 when you might be able to use your basic language skills 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 in a translation project 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but of course you need to be very careful. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Anything that's highly specialized, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 something you're not 100% sure about, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 you should always leave to a professional linguist. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 People pay a lot of money for translation, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and we have certain international standards 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 we have to meet for quality, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and that means that, you know, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I shouldn't be translating things myself 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 if I'm not a certified linguist. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And you know, anything that's more than small talk, and related to business, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 should be done in your company's established language of business. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So I've mentionned using professional quite a few times, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and the focus has of course been on beginner skills, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but some of you might be interested 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 in becoming one of these language professional yourself. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And I'm not a hiring manager or expert, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but I just wanted to, you know, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 maybe flesh out some of the ideas I've already talked about. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I mentionned over-the-phone interpreting, earlier, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 which I used a lot as a teacher 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 when communicating with families. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 If you don't have a lot of opportunities 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 for interpreting in your immediate area, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but you're highly proficient in speaking two or more languages, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I'd look into something like this. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 You know, just know that interpreting is 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 not just knowing the languages, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but there is also skills such as, you know 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 being able to think in both languages at the same time, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and being able to, you know, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 give timely feedback. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I would definitely, you know, suggest training for this, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but that's something you could look into. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Same with translation: 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Translators Without Borders is an awesome humanitarian organisation, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that strives to provides access to information to everyone 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 regardless of their language background. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I am not affiliated with them, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but I follow a lot of what they do on social medias, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and I know they're a non-profit organisation, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and they're always looking for volunteers who write and write multiple languages, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 especially languages without a lot of mainstream representation. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So like, for example, a lot of things are translated into French for Africa, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but there's so many languages in Africa, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and so many people that don't speak French well, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and if you just rely on French to spread information, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that's not really equitable for everybody. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Then, industry knowledge of course is very important 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to make sure you understand the content and terminology of the text, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and depending on the job you want, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 you might want to consider getting certifications 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 or putting together a portfolio of translations for review, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 which is not necessary for every job, but definitely, you know, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 something nice to have on hand. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And, yeah, here is an example of the COVID-19 Glossary, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 put together by Translators Without Borders 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to make sure that accurate information was being spread 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to communities around the world, regardless of language. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 They don't just do healthcare, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 they do a ton of different, you know, industries, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but this is something I know they worked on very hard last year. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So yeah, just to sum up, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 beginner level skills do have a place at work 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 for connecting with people, being inclusive, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 improving you teaching, and maybe even saving you some time, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but there are limitations, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 especially anything that's technical, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 legal or sensitive discussions. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And to stay motivated and measure your progress, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 think about your end goal, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and set many checkpoints to reach along the way. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I did see there was a question about a small win, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and I guess that can kind of be whatever you want it to be, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 it depends on your goal, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 everyone's goal are kind of highly individualized, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 so yeah, think about like, what are some steps to progress to your goal, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and it's good to be realistic about 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 the work that still needs to be done, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but don't let that keep you from remembering 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 the value of what you've already put in. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And I've already said this like four times 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but in order to get your language skills to a place where 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 you can use them professionally, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 you'll likely need technical and linguistic experience 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 in the field or industry you want to work in, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 wether that's medicine, law, or something else. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I'm so happy to see some questions on here! 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Yeah, I think that there are a lot of people that, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 they feel like, you know, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 "English only! English is the most important thing, I don't want to, um..." 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 You know, they really want to challenge themselves, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and they might not appreciate some of 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 the bilingual ressources we provide for them. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 That's sort of their- I actually suggest 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 using your languages that you already know 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to help you learn another language, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 especially for academics purposes, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but that's sort of, I guess, up to the individual themselves. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Also, yeah, I mean, I don't speak a lot of languages very well, and so, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 if I didn't know the language sometimes it is just easier 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to communicate in a language that, um, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 either having an interpreter or translator with me, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 you know, that gets things done a little bit faster than, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 like I said, trying to speak with my elementary skills, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 yeah, sometimes that, like I said that doesn't really go very far, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and it's better to just sort of cut our losses there and, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 you know, get down to business. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Hope that answers your question 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 "How can I get in contact with people that don't speak English 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and can't afford a school or a private teacher?" 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 That is also a great question 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So I can only speak to the places that I've lived and worked, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but there are a lot of volunteer agencies, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that help refugees when they come to your country 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that help them, you know, get [close/clothes?], 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 get acclimated, there's a lot of legal paperwork 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that needs to be done and so there's often very- 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 there's often some sort of volunteer agency 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that has connections like this. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 My city is called the "Sanctuary City", 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 which means that we accept anybody who comes in 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 regardless of their background, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 so we have a ton of these agencies, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I would look maybe for refugee organisations, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and they're usually looking for volunteers. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And sometimes it's not just like, teaching English, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 they might also need help with bringing food to families, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 or donating clothes, so yeah. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I would see if there's any organisations like that 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 in your hometown. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Yeah, that is really challenging, and I would say that, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 involving mental health experts, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 so like at my school, we had social workers, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 we had school psychologists, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 we had, you know, juste the regular student counselors 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that are more trained in those types of emotionnal needs, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 andh having an interpreter or a translator available 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 to accurately discuss that information would be very helpful. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And, yeah. Definitely involving mental health professionals. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And I think, just as a teacher or as someone at the workplace, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I know that a lot of refugees have, you know- 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 get help with job placement. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 This could really affect their ability to learn, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and their ability to do work, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 so just being patient, and understanding that, you know, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 they might not be ready to do an exam on Earth Science, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and sometimes you know, you need to 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 take care of those mental health needs first. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And so just being aware of that, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 getting them support with mental health professionals, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and then kind of, like I said, take things as they go, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and meeting them where they are, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and know that sometimes teachers, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 you know they have their one way of teaching, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and they want to kind of expect every kid to fit into that, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and that's sort of something that's changing in american schools, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that instead of teaching with the style that you're comfortable with, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 you might need to make adjustments for kids, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and just having that flexibility and that empathy is really important. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And also, you know, I don't think- 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I think sometimes we pity refugees, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and I don't think that they need pity 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I think they just need like, a friend, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 who is there to help them, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 so yeah, being there for all those needs is helpful as well. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 If you have access to like, an over-the-phone interpreting service, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that is probably the most helpful. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I know that that's not always available, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 so in that case, I guess body language and images and visuals, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 those can go a long way. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 For example, I'm thinking about, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 like an emergency situation like a medical situation, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 you can kind of point to your head, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 you can, you know, things like that, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and it's awkward but any type of communication... 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 If something- I think people- 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 It might take a long time and it might feel a little uncomfortable, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but using things like that can be really helpful. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 They also- I wouldn't always recommend 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that people use their family members to translate, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 just because you don't always know if 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 they're telling all the right information, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and I don't mean that in a way like, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 they're trying to hide anything from you, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but a professional interpreter is definitely more, you know, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 unbiaised in what they're saying, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but if there's a family member that speaks a language 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that can be really helpful in those cases. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And, "what can I consider a small win?" 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I kind of already mentionned that but, um, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 yeah, I would say that's kind of up to you 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and what you're trying to accomplish. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 If you're trying to be conversationnal, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 then, like I said with Hungarian, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I think that, you know, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 being able to buy a bus ticket by myself is a big win, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and that's something on the way to eventually being conversational. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So, kind of think of your end goal, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and what are some, yeah, I guess a small win can be anything, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 anything you couldn't do before 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 that you can do now, that's a win! 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So this is actually very different depending on 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 the company that you work for and the company structure. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 So, I know some- 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 There's definitely a lot of planning, emailing and reporting, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 because your goal is to get the project done, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and that often requires a lot of, you know, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 communicating between people, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but I also know that some companies have like, language experts, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 so they deal more with the linguist side 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 so I, as a project manager in my current role, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 I deal with both the clients and the linguists. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And so the clients, that's very much like, overhead, account things, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and then, the linguist expert side, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 like, I work with the linguists, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 make sure they understand the needs of the project. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And yeah, I know that in some countries, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 there's some companies that might have, you know, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 only people that know Spanish or work on Spanish translations, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 it kind of depends on the, I guess the breakdown of your company, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 if that helps. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 But you will do a lot of emailing and reporting (LAUGH), I'm sure. 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 Yeah, so I think those are all the questions, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 thank you so much! 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 And if there's anyting else, I left my email adress 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and my profile, I didn't really fill out a lot of the other stuff, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 but definitely included my email adress 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 so please feel free to reach out at me at any time, 99:59:59.999 --> 99:59:59.999 and yeah, thanks so much, enjoy the rest of the conference!