Welcome back.

So let's do a potential
energy problem with

a compressed spring.

So let's make this an
interesting problem.

Let's say I have
a loop-d-loop.

A loop-d-loop made out of ice.

And I made it out of ice so that
we don't have friction.

Let me draw my loop-d-loop.

There's the loop, there's
the d-loop.

All right.

And let's say this loop-d-loop
has a radius of 1 meter.

Let's say this is-- this right
here-- is 1 meter.

So of course the loop-d-loop
is 2 meters high.

And let's say I have a
spring here-- it's

a compressed spring.

Let's say this is the wall.

This is my spring, it's
compressed, so it's

all tight like that.

And let's say its spring
constant, k, is,

I don't know, 10.

Attached to that compressed
spring-- so I have a block of

ice, because I need ice on ice,
so I have no friction.

This is my block of
ice, shining.

And let's say the block of ice
is, I don't know, 4 kilograms.

And we also know that we are
on Earth, and that's

important, because this problem
might have been

different if we were
on another planet.

And my question to you is how
much do we have to compress

the spring-- so, let's say
that the spring's natural

state was here, right, if
we didn't push on it.

And now it's here.

So what is this distance?

How much do I have to compress
this spring, in order for when

I let go of the spring, the
block goes with enough speed

and enough energy, that it's
able to complete the

loop-d-loop, and reach safely
to the other end?

So, how do we do this problem?

Well, in order-- any loop-d-loop
problem, the hard

part is completing the
high point of the

loop-d-loop, right?

The hard part is making sure
you have enough velocity at

this point, so that you
don't fall down.

Your velocity has to offset the
downward acceleraton, in

which case-- and here, is going
to be the centripetal

acceleration, right?

So that's one thing
to think about.

And you might say, wow this is
complicated, I have a spring

here, it's going to accelerate
the block.

And then the block's going to
get here, and then it's going

to decelerate, decelerate.

This is probably where it's
going to be at its slowest,

then it's going to accelerate
back here.

It's a super complicated
problem.

And in physics, whenever you
have a super complicated

problem, it's probably because
you are approaching it in a

super complicated way,
but there might be a

simple way to do it.

And that's using energy--
potential and kinetic energy.

And what we learned when we
learned about potential and

kinetic energy, is that the
total energy in the system

doesn't change.

It just gets converted from
one form to another.

So it goes from potential
energy to kinetic

energy, or to heat.

And we assume that
there's no heat,

because there's no friction.

So let's do this problem.

So what we want to know is, how
much do I have to compress

this spring?

So what I'm essentially saying
is, how much potential energy

do I have to start off with--
with this compressed spring--

in order to make it up here?

So what's the potential
energy?

Let's say I compress the
spring x meters.

And in the last video, how
much potential energy

would I then have?

Well, we learned that the
potential energy of a

compressed spring-- and I'll
call this the initial

potential energy-- the initial
potential energy, with an i--

is equal to 1/2 kx squared.

And we know what k is.

I told you that the spring
constant for the spring is 10.

So my initial potential energy
is going to be 1/2 times 10,

times x squared.

So what are all of the energy
components here?

Well, obviously, at this point,
the block's going to

have to be moving, in order
to not fall down.

So it's going to have
some velocity, v.

It's going tangential
to the loop-d-loop.

And it also is going to have
some potential energy still.

And where is that potential
energy coming from?

Well, it's going to come because
it's up in the air.

It's above the surface
of the loop-d-loop.

So it's going to have some
gravitational potential

energy, right?

So at this point, we're going
to have some kinetic energy.

We'll call that-- well, I'll
just call that kinetic energy

final-- because this is while
we care about alpha, maybe

here it might be the kinetic
energy final, but I'll just

define this as kinetic
energy final.

And then plus the potential
energy final.

And that of course, has to
add up to 10x squared.

And this, of course, now, this
was kind of called the spring

potential energy,
and now this is

gravitational potential energy.

So what's the energy
at this point?

Well, what's kinetic energy?

Kinetic energy final is going
to have to be 1/2 times the

mass times the velocity
squared, right?

And then what's the potential
energy at this point?

It's gravitational potential
energy, so it's the mass times

gravity times this height.

Right?

So I'll write that here.

Potential energy final is going
to be mass times gravity

times the height, which also
stands for Mass General

Hospital, anyway.

You can tell my wife's
a doctor, so my

brain just-- anyway.

So let's figure out the kinetic
energy at this point.

So what does the velocity
have to be?

Well, we have to figure out
what the centripetal

acceleration is, and then, given
that, we can figure out

the velocity.

Because we know that the
centripetal acceleration-- and

I'll change colors for
variety-- centripetal

acceleration has to be the
velocity squared, over the

radius, right?

Or we could say-- and what is
the centripetal acceleration

at this point?

Well it's just the acceleration
of gravity, 9.8

meters per second squared.

So 9.8 meters per second
squared is equal to v

squared over r.

And what's the radius
of this loop-d-loop?

Well it's 1.

So v squared over r
is just going to

be equal to v squared.

So v squared equals 9.8-- we
could take the square root, or

we could just substitute the
9.8 straight into this

equation, right?

So the kinetic energy final is
going to be equal to 1/2 times

the mass times 4 times
v squared times 9.8.

And that equals-- let's just use
g for 9.8, because I think

that might keep it
interesting.

So this is just g, right?

So it's 2 times g.

So the kinetic energy final
is equal to 2g-- and g is

normally kilogram meters per
second squared, but now it's

energy, right?

So it's going to be in joules.

But it's 2g, right?

And what is the potential
energy at this point?

Well, it's the mass, which is
4, times g times the height,

which is 2.

So it's equal to 8g.

Right.

So what's the total energy
at this point?

The kinetic energy is 2g, the
potential energy is 8g, so the

total energy at this
point is 10g.

10g total energy.

So if the total energy at this
point is 10g, and we didn't

lose any energy to friction
and heat, and all of that.

So then the total energy
at this point has also

got to equal 10g.

And at this point we have no
kinetic energy, because this

block hasn't started
moving yet.

So all the energy is
a potential energy.

So this also has to equal 10g.

And this g, I keep saying,
is just 9.8.

I just wanted to do that just
so you see that it's a

multiple of 9.8, just for
you to think about.

So what do we have here?

[? I'll do ?]

these numbers worked out well.

So let's divide both
sides by 10.

You get x squared is equal
to g, which is 9.8.

So the x is going to be equal to
the square root of g, which

is going to be equal to what?

Let's see-- if I take 9.8, take
the square root of it,

it's like 3.13.

So x is 3.13.

So we just did a fairly-- what
seemed to be a difficult

problem, but it wasn't so bad.

We just said that, well the
energy in the beginning has to

be the energy at any point in
this, assuming that none of

the energy is lost to heat.

And so we just figured out
that if we compress this

spring, with the spring
constant of 10.

If we compress it 3.3 meters--
3.13 meters-- we will have

created enough potential
energy-- and in this case, the

potential energy is 10 times
9.8, so roughly 98 joules.

98 joules of potential energy
to carry this object all the

way with enough velocity at the
top of the loop-d-loop to

complete it, and then come
back down safely.

And so if we wanted to think
about it, what's the kinetic

energy at this point?

Well we figured out it
was 2 times g, so

it's like 19.6 joules.

Right.

And then at this point,
it is 98 joules.

Right?

Did I do that right?

Well, anyway I'm running out
of time, so I hope I did do

that last part right.

But I'll see you in
the next video.