WEBVTT

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We're happy to
accept the idea that

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physical characteristics,
like speed and

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endurance, have a strong genetic

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component.

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Fast dogs are bred from

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parents who are fast.

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But when it comes

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to us, to our personality
and the choices

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we make in life, we
feel differently.

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The

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idea that we are
all running around a

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track following
some predetermined

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genetic script is repellent.

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But some

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twin stories really
make you wonder.

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Now,

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although the story
of Jenny and Margaret

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is pretty surprising,
it's nothing

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compared with the
astonishing story of

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the Jim twins.

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Meet Jim Lewis and Jim

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Springer.

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They have different
surnames and they

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don't look much
alike but they are

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identical twins.

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The Jims were
separated as babies and

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were reunited when
there were 39 years

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old.

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It was a very good
warm feeling you know?

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It's like you had
something a favorite

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of yours and you lost
it and you had to

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have it.

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You know?

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And you finally
found it and that’s

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a good feeling

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to find that thing.

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Well that's

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the way it was with Jim.

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Words came really

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easy

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When the Jims met
for the first time,

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they discovered that
their lives were

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peppered with
bizarre coincidences.

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My

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first wife's name was Linda.

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My first

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wife's name was Linda.

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I divorced Linda and

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married Betty.

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And then my second wife’s

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name was Betty, and now
I’m married to Sandy.

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Well

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she's kind of leery and hopes I

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don't ever come across a Sandy.

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I got

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interested in
woodwork because my

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father he was always
doing woodwork.

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I've

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been doing woodworking
for quite a long

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time.

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My first son’s name was James

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Alan.

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My first son is James Alan.

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My

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favorite beer was a
Miller Lite and I've

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always smoked Salem cigarettes.

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My

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favorite beer is Miller Lite and

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smoking, I smoke
Camel Lite but then I

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smoke Salem Lite, too.

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I switch back and

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forth.

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I was in the Sheriff's
Department in

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Miami County as a deputy.

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I was deputy

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sheriff for seven years.

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It's impossible

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to fathom the odds
for some of the Jims

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coincidences.

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The information is simply

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not available.

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But for some of the habits

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they shared we can
do the calculations.

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When the two Jims met in 1979,

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each was driving a Chevrolet.

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And it

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turns out, according
to the experts, that

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the chances of any
one man driving a

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Chevrolet then was 71.

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Now, both men

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driving a Chevrolet
would, therefore, be

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49 to 1.

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And they were also
both heavy smokers

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and heavy drinkers.

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And the chances of

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any two men both
being heavy drinkers

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would be about 35 to 1.

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And at that

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time in 1979, the
chance of any two men

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both being heavy
smokers was about 300

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to 1.

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Well the

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chances of each one
of these on its own

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isn't really that
surprising, but if you

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put them all
together, the overall

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coincidence is really
rather amazing.

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To

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get the odds of all
the similarities

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being down to pure
coincidence, you have

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to multiply them together.

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In betting

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terms it's called
an accumulator, and

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these figures give
you odds of half a

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million to one against
two men sharing

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those habits by pure chance.

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Same sort of odds
I might get here on

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any one dog winning
every race till the

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end of the season.

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It will be impossible

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way to win 50 races.

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And if you think it

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could win 50 races,
I would offer you a

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half a million to one.

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Has that ever

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happened?

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It's never happened, no, and it

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never would.

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So you’d be safe
as a bookie here?

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You would be completely safe.

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If you take any two people and

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look hard enough,
you'll always find some

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similarities, but
the two Jims are so

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alike

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despite being brought
up by different

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parents in different
homes that it's

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hard to escape the
thought that they've

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been shaped by forces deeper and

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ultimately more
important than just

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their home environment.

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Psychologist Tom

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Bouchard has met
more separated twins

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than anyone else in
the world but the

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Jims were his first.

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They kicked off a 20

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year study that's
changing the way we

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think about being human.

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The first week

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we was there we answered
10,000 questions,

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true or false and
multiplication.

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We look

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at their hobbies,
their the jobs they've

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held, the personality
traits, their

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abilities.

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They took photos
of our ears, our

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eyes, and they took
her fingerprints.

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Their

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height, their weight,
their brainwaves.

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The

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twins

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IQ and personality profile was

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strikingly similar.

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It was as if they had

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tested the same person twice.

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The very first
morning we started to

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work with them, one
of the twins put his

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hand on the on the
table and I noticed

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that he bit his nails.

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I remember saying

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to myself now isn't
that interesting?

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Wouldn't it be
interesting if his twin

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brother bit his nails?

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And as I was

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thinking that his
twin brother put his

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hand on the table
and sure enough, they

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were both nail biters,
and I said, you

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know that's not on
any psychological

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test or any psychological
characteristic.

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the way you wear
your hat the way you

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sip your tea the
gyms were only the

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first of hundreds of
separated twins to

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pass through bouchard's
hands fewer as

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remarkable as them
in fact some were

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quite dissimilar
there are not carbon

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copies of each other
they each have the

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differences are
great enough so they

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each have their own
personality etc but

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when you work with
them you can just see

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the kind of similarity
in the underlying

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template the way you
weigh the two twins

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are like variations on a theme

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the memory of all of

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take that away from me away what

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behavior geneticists
have discovered is

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that most characteristics
that you can

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measure reliably
with psychological

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tests mental abilities
personality and

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vocational interest
they all show

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genetic influence in
the range of 40 to

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50 percent but that's
typically what we

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find oh this is common
level of genetic

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influence across lots
and lots of traits

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the way you hold
your knife the way we

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danced over all the
twins who had grown

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up in different homes
were just as alike

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psychologically and
physically as the

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twins who have grown
up together no they

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come

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and there was one
other quite startling

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finding

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probing beneath the
surface they found

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the percentage of
fat in Margaret and

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Jenny's bodies is
the same and their

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bone density is
virtually identical

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they are also both
intensely religious

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God is love and God
showed his love for

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us by sending his
only Son on into the

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world deal with
Yun Jie light far

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Liat bead and my Nene
Cal bill truth or

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if from the day I
found out that I had a

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twin sister I
prayed every day my

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prayers were answered
God knew what I

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was alone and evilly
he found me for

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Jenny I really believe
this as identical

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twins have a
similar intensity of

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religious belief is
something that Tom

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bouchard's twin studies
had consistently

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confirmed we had
eventually published a

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paper on it on we
call the heritability

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of religiousness and we found a

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significant genetic
effect now there are

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people who just
find this hard to

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believe

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well I find it hard
to believe I didn't

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believe it when we
started I wouldn't

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have even studied it

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what Boosh art has
concluded from 20

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years work is that
genes are just as

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important as
environment in shaping

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personality and social
attitude and that

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applies as much to
the rest of us as it

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does to twins

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no one really knows
how personality can

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be laid down when
egg meets sperm

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my own belief is that
what are inherited

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are genes that create
structures in the

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brain and these
structures in the brain

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drive behavior

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it's certainly
true there are some

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aspects of personality
that you see from

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a very early age so
early they seem to

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be pre-programmed

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English (auto-generated)

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