[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Have you ever experienced a moment in your life
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.00,0:00:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was so painful and confusing
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.00,0:00:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that all you wanted to do
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.00,0:00:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was learn as much as you could to make sense of it all?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.00,0:00:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I was 13, a close family friend
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.00,0:00:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who was like an uncle to me
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.00,0:00:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,passed away from pancreatic cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.00,0:00:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When the disease hit so close to home,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.00,0:00:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I knew I needed to learn more,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.00,0:00:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I went online to find answers.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.00,0:00:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Using the Internet, I found a variety of statistics
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.00,0:00:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on pancreatic cancer,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.00,0:00:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what I had found shocked me.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.00,0:00:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over 85 percent of all pancreatic cancers
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.00,0:00:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are diagnosed late,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.00,0:00:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when someone has less than a two percent chance of survival.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.00,0:00:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why are we so bad at detecting pancreatic cancer?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.00,0:00:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reason? Today's current modern medicine
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.00,0:00:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a 60-year-old technique.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.00,0:00:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's older than my dad.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.00,0:01:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.00,0:01:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But also, it's extremely expensive,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.00,0:01:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,costing 800 dollars per test,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.00,0:01:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's grossly inaccurate,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.00,0:01:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,missing 30 percent of all pancreatic cancers.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.00,0:01:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your doctor would have to be ridiculously suspicious
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.00,0:01:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you have the cancer in order to give you this test.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.00,0:01:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Learning this, I knew there had to be a better way.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.00,0:01:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I set up a scientific criteria
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.00,0:01:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as to what a sensor would have to look like
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.00,0:01:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to effectively diagnose pancreatic cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.00,0:01:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The sensor would have to be inexpensive, rapid,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.00,0:01:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,simple, sensitive, selective,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.00,0:01:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and minimally invasive.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.00,0:01:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, there's a reason why this test
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.00,0:01:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hasn't been updated in over six decades,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.00,0:01:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's because, when we're looking for pancreatic cancer,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.00,0:01:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're looking at your bloodstream,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.00,0:01:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is already abundant in all these tons and tons of protein,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.00,0:01:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you're looking for this miniscule difference
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.00,0:02:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this tiny amount of protein,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.00,0:02:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just this one protein.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.00,0:02:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's next to impossible.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.00,0:02:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, undeterred due to my teenage optimism --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.00,0:02:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause) —
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.00,0:02:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I went online to a teenager's two best friends,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.00,0:02:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Google and Wikipedia.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.00,0:02:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I got everything for my homework from those two sources.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.00,0:02:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what I had found was an article
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.00,0:02:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that listed a database of over 8,000 different proteins
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.00,0:02:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are found when you have pancreatic cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.00,0:02:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I decided to go and make it my new mission
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.00,0:02:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to go through all these proteins and see which ones
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.00,0:02:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could serve as a biomarker for pancreatic cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.00,0:02:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to make it a bit simpler for myself,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.00,0:02:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I decided to map out a scientific criteria. And here it is.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.00,0:02:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Essentially first, the protein would have to be found
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.00,0:02:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in all pancreatic cancers at high levels in the bloodstream
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.00,0:02:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the earliest stages, but also only in cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.00,0:03:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so I'm just plugging and chugging through this gargantuan task,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.00,0:03:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and finally, on the 4,000th try,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.00,0:03:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I'm close to losing my sanity,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.00,0:03:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I find the protein.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.00,0:03:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the name of the protein I'd located
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.00,0:03:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was called mesothelin,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.00,0:03:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's just your ordinary, run-of-the-mill type protein,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.00,0:03:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unless of course you have pancreatic,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.00,0:03:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ovarian or lung cancer,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.00,0:03:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which case it's found at these very high levels in your bloodstream.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.00,0:03:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But also the key is
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.00,0:03:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it's found in the earliest stages of the disease,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.00,0:03:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when someone has close to 100 percent chance
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.00,0:03:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of survival.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.00,0:03:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So now that I'd found a reliable protein I could detect,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.00,0:03:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I then shifted my focus to actually detecting that protein,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.00,0:03:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, thus, pancreatic cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.00,0:03:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, my breakthrough came in a very unlikely place,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.00,0:03:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,possibly the most unlikely place for innovation:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.00,0:03:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my high school biology class,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.00,0:03:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the absolute stifler of innovation.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.00,0:03:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) (Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.00,0:03:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I had snuck in this article on these things called
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.00,0:04:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,carbon nanotubes, and that's just a long, thin pipe of carbon
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.00,0:04:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's an atom thick
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.00,0:04:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and one 50 thousandth the diameter of your hair.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.00,0:04:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And despite their extremely small sizes,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.00,0:04:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they have these incredible properties.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.00,0:04:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're kind of like the superheroes of material science.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.00,0:04:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And while I was sneakily reading this article
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.00,0:04:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,under my desk in my biology class,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.00,0:04:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we were supposed to be paying attention
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.00,0:04:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to these other kind of cool molecules called antibodies.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.00,0:04:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these are pretty cool because they only react
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.00,0:04:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with one specific protein,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.00,0:04:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they're not nearly as interesting as carbon nanotubes.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.00,0:04:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so then, I was sitting in class,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.00,0:04:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and suddenly it hit me:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.00,0:04:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I could combine what I was reading about,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.00,0:04:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,carbon nanotubes,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.00,0:04:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with what I was supposed to be thinking about, antibodies.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.00,0:04:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Essentially, I could weave a bunch of these antibodies
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.00,0:04:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into a network of carbon nanotubes
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.00,0:04:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such that you have a network
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.00,0:04:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that only reacts with one protein,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.00,0:04:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also, due to the properties of these nanotubes,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.00,0:04:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it would change its electrical properties
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.00,0:04:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,based on the amount of protein present.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.00,0:04:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, there's a catch.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.00,0:05:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These networks of carbon nanotubes are extremely flimsy,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.00,0:05:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and since they're so delicate, they need to be supported.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.00,0:05:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's why I chose to use paper.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.00,0:05:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Making a cancer sensor out of paper
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.00,0:05:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is about as simple as making chocolate chip cookies,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.00,0:05:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which I love.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.00,0:05:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You start with some water, pour in some nanotubes,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.00,0:05:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,add antibodies, mix it up,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.00,0:05:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,take some paper, dip it, dry it,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.00,0:05:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can detect cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.00,0:05:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.00,0:05:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, suddenly, a thought occurred
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.00,0:05:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that kind of put a blemish on my amazing plan here.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.00,0:05:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can't really do cancer research
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.00,0:05:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on my kitchen countertop.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.00,0:05:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My mom wouldn't really like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.00,0:05:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So instead, I decided to go for a lab.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.00,0:05:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I typed up a budget, a materials list,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.00,0:05:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a timeline, and a procedure,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.00,0:05:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I emailed it to 200 different professors
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.00,0:05:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at Johns Hopkins University
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.00,0:06:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the National Institutes of Health,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.00,0:06:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,essentially anyone that had anything to do with pancreatic cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.00,0:06:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I sat back waiting for these positive emails to be pouring in,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.00,0:06:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,saying, "You're a genius!
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.00,0:06:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're going to save us all!"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.00,0:06:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And — (Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.00,0:06:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then reality took hold,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.00,0:06:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and over the course of a month,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.00,0:06:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I got 199 rejections out of those 200 emails.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.00,0:06:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One professor even went through my entire procedure,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.00,0:06:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,painstakingly -- I'm not really sure where he got all this time --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.00,0:06:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he went through and said why each and every step
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.00,0:06:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was like the worst mistake I could ever make.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.00,0:06:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Clearly, the professors did not have as high
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.00,0:06:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of an opinion of my work as I did.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.00,0:06:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, there was a silver lining.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.00,0:06:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One professor said, "Maybe I might be able to help you, kid."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.00,0:06:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I went in that direction.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.00,0:06:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.00,0:06:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As you can never say no to a kid.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.00,0:06:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so then, three months later,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.00,0:06:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I finally nailed down a harsh deadline with this guy,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.00,0:07:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I get into his lab,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.00,0:07:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I get all excited, and then I sit down,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.00,0:07:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I start opening my mouth and talking,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.00,0:07:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and five seconds later he calls in another Ph.D.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.00,0:07:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ph.D.'s just flock into this little room,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.00,0:07:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're just firing these questions at me,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.00,0:07:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and by the end, I kind of felt like I was in a clown car.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.00,0:07:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were 20 Ph.D.'s plus me and the professor
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.00,0:07:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,crammed into this tiny office space
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.00,0:07:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with them firing these rapid-fire questions at me,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.00,0:07:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trying to sink my procedure.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.00,0:07:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How unlikely is that? I mean, pshhh.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.00,0:07:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.00,0:07:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, subjecting myself to that interrogation,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.00,0:07:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I answered all of their questions,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.00,0:07:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I guessed on quite a few but I got them right,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.00,0:07:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I finally landed the lab space I needed.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.00,0:07:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it was shortly afterwards that I discovered
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.00,0:07:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my once brilliant procedure
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.00,0:07:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had something like a million holes in it,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.00,0:07:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and over the course of seven months,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.00,0:07:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I painstakingly filled each and every one of those holes.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.00,0:07:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The result? One small paper sensor
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.00,0:08:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that costs three cents and takes five minutes to run.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.00,0:08:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This makes it 168 times faster,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.00,0:08:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over 26,000 times less expensive,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.00,0:08:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and over 400 times more sensitive
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.00,0:08:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than our current standard for pancreatic cancer detection.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.00,0:08:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.00,0:08:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the best parts of the sensor, though,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.00,0:08:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that it has close to 100 percent accuracy,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.00,0:08:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and can detect the cancer in the earliest stages
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.00,0:08:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when someone has close to 100 percent chance of survival.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.00,0:08:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so in the next two to five years,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.00,0:08:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this sensor could potentially lift for pancreatic cancer survival rates
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.00,0:08:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from a dismal 5.5 percent
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.00,0:08:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to close to 100 percent,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.00,0:08:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it would do similar for ovarian and lung cancer.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.00,0:08:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it wouldn't stop there.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.00,0:08:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By switching out that antibody,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.00,0:08:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can look at a different protein,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.00,0:08:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thus, a different disease,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.00,0:08:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,potentially any disease in the entire world.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.00,0:08:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that ranges from heart disease
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.00,0:09:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to malaria, HIV, AIDS,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.00,0:09:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as other forms of cancer -- anything.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.00,0:09:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so hopefully one day
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.00,0:09:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can all have that one extra uncle,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.00,0:09:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that one mother, that one brother, sister,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.00,0:09:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can have that one more family member to love,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.00,0:09:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that our hearts will be rid of that one disease burden
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.00,0:09:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that comes from pancreatic, ovarian and lung cancer,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.00,0:09:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and potentially any disease,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.00,0:09:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that through the Internet anything is possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.00,0:09:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Theories can be shared,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.00,0:09:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you don't have to be a professor
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.00,0:09:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with multiple degrees to have your ideas valued.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.00,0:09:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a neutral space,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.00,0:09:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where what you look like, age or gender,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.00,0:09:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it doesn't matter.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.00,0:09:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's just your ideas that count.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.00,0:09:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For me, it's all about looking at the Internet
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.00,0:09:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in an entirely new way
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.00,0:09:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to realize that there's so much more to it
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.00,0:09:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than just posting duck-face pictures of yourself online.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.00,0:09:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You could be changing the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.00,0:09:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if a 15-year-old
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.00,0:10:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who didn't even know what a pancreas was
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.00,0:10:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could find a new way to detect pancreatic cancer,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.00,0:10:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just imagine what you could do.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.00,0:10:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.00,0:10:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)