[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.24,0:00:05.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All pipes carrying fluids experience losses \Nof pressure caused by friction and turbulence
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.20,0:00:09.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the flow. It affects seemingly simple \Nthings like the plumbing in your house
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.12,0:00:14.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the way up to the design of massive, way \Nmore complex, long-distance pipelines. I’ve
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.08,0:00:18.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,talked about many of the challenges engineers \Nface in designing piped systems, including
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.72,0:00:23.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,water hammer, air entrainment, and thrust forces. \NBut, I’ve never talked about the factors affecting
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.76,0:00:28.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how much fluid actually flows through a pipe \Nand the pressures at which that occurs. So,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.16,0:00:32.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,today we’re going to have a little fun, test \Nout some different configurations of piping,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.64,0:00:36.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and see how well the engineering equations \Ncan predict the pressure and flow.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.88,0:00:41.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even if you’re not going to use the equations, \Nhopefully, you’ll gain some intuition from seeing
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.20,0:00:47.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how they work in a real situation. I’m Grady and \Nthis is Practical Engineering. In today’s episode,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.04,0:00:57.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we’re talking about closed conduit \Nhydraulics and pressure drop in pipes.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.12,0:01:03.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This video is sponsored by HelloFresh, \NAmerica’s number 1 meal kit. More on that later.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.80,0:01:14.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I love engineering analogies, and in this case, \Nthere are a lot of similarities between electrical
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.32,0:01:19.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,circuits and fluids in pipes. Just like all \Nconventional conductors have some resistance
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.44,0:01:24.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the flow of current, all pipes impart some \Nresistance to the flow of the fluid inside,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.56,0:01:29.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,usually in the form of friction and turbulence. \NIn fact, this is a lovely analogy because
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.92,0:01:34.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the resistance of a conductor is both a function \Nof the cross-sectional area and length of the
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.96,0:01:40.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,conductor—the bigger and shorter the wire, the \Nlower the resistance. The same is true for pipes,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.88,0:01:46.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the reasons are a little different. The fluid \Nvelocity in a pipe is a function of the flow rate
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.40,0:01:51.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the pipe’s area. Given a flowrate, a \Nlarger pipe will have a lower velocity,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.20,0:01:55.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a small pipe will have a higher velocity. \NThis concept is critical to understanding the
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.92,0:02:01.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hydraulics of pipeline design because friction and \Nturbulence are mostly a result of flow velocity.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.84,0:02:06.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I built this demonstration that should help \Nus see this in practice. This is a manifold
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.80,0:02:11.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to test out different configurations of pipes and \Nsee their effect on the flow and pressure of the
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.68,0:02:16.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fluid inside. It’s connected to my regular \Ntap on the left. The water passes through
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.08,0:02:20.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a flow meter and valve, past some pressure \Ngauges, through the sample pipe in question,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.88,0:02:24.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and finally through a showerhead. I \Npicked a showerhead since, for many of us,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.56,0:02:29.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it’s the most tangible and immediate connection \Nwe have to pressure problems in plumbing. It’s
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.20,0:02:33.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,probably one of the most important factors in the \Ndifference between a good shower, and a bad one.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.28,0:02:37.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don’t worry, all this water will be given \Nto my plants which need it right now anyway.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.28,0:02:40.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I used these clear pipes because they \Nlook cool, but there won’t be much to see
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.96,0:02:46.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inside. All the information we need will show \Nup on the gauges (as long as I bleed all the
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.08,0:02:50.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,air from the lines each time). The first one \Nmeasures the flow rate in gallons per minute,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.96,0:02:54.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the second one measures the pressure \Nin the pipe in pounds per square inch,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.72,0:02:59.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the third gauge measures the difference \Nin pressure before and after the sample
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.12,0:03:04.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(also called the head loss) in inches of water. In \Nother words, this gauge measures how much pressure
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.48,0:03:09.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is lost through friction and turbulence in the \Nsample - this is the one to keep your eye on. In
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.60,0:03:15.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,simple terms, it’s saying how far do you have to \Nopen the valve to achieve a certain rate of flow.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.68,0:03:19.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know the metric folks are giggling at these \Nunits. For this video, I’m going to break my
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.76,0:03:24.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rule about providing both systems of measurement \Nbecause these values are just examples anyway.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.64,0:03:29.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are just nice round numbers that are easy \Nto compare with no real application outside the
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.12,0:03:34.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,demo. Substitute your own preferred units if you \Nwant, because it won’t affect the conclusions.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.08,0:03:39.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are a few methods engineers use to estimate \Nthe energy losses in pipes carrying water,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.28,0:03:44.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but one of the simplest is the Hazen-Williams \Nequation. It can be rearranged in a few ways,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.08,0:03:49.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but this way is nice because it has the variables \Nwe can measure. It says that the head loss (in
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.12,0:03:54.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,other words the drop in pressure from one end of a \Npipe to the other) is a function of the flow rate,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.40,0:03:58.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the diameter, length, and roughness of \Nthe pipe. Now - that’s a lot of variables,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.64,0:04:03.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so let’s try an example to show how this works. \NFirst, we’ll investigate the effect the length
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.28,0:04:07.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the pipe has on head loss. I’m starting \Nwith a short piece of pipe in the manifold,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.76,0:04:15.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I’m testing everything at three flow rates: \N0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 gallons per minute (or gpm).
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.92,0:04:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At 0.3 gpm, we see pressure drop across the pipe \Nis practically negligible, just under half an
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.00,0:04:32.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inch. At 0.6 gpm, the head loss is about an inch. \NAnd, at 0.9 gpm, the head loss is just over 3
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.24,0:04:38.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inches. Now I’m changing out the sample for a much \Nlonger pipe of the same diameter. In this case,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.64,0:04:44.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it’s 20 times longer than the previous example. \NLength has an exponent of 1 in the Hazen-Williams
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.32,0:04:49.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,equation, so we know if we double the length, \Nwe should get double the head loss. And if we
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.12,0:04:54.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,multiply the length times 20, we should see the \Npressure drop increase by a factor of 20 as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.40,0:05:00.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And sure enough, at a flow rate of 0.3 gpm, we \Nsee a pressure drop across the pipe of 7.5 inches,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.88,0:05:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just about 20 times what it was with the short \Npipe. That’s the max we can do here - opening
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.00,0:05:10.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the valve any further just overwhelms the \Ndifferential pressure gauge. There is so much
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.56,0:05:14.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,friction and turbulence in this long pipe that I \Nwould need a different gauge just to measure it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.68,0:05:20.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Length is just one factor that influences the \Nhydraulics of a pipe. This demo can also show
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.48,0:05:25.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how the pipe diameter affects the pressure \Nloss. If I switch in this pipe with the same
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.20,0:05:29.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,length as the original sample but which has \Na smaller diameter, we can see the additional
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.92,0:05:34.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pressure drop that occurs. The smaller pipe \Nhas ⅔ the diameter of the original sample,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.72,0:05:40.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and diameter has an exponent of 4.9 in our \Nequation. That’s because, as I mentioned before,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.72,0:05:46.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,changing the diameter changes the fluid velocity, \Nand friction is all about velocity. We expect the
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.48,0:05:54.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pressure drop to be 1 over (⅔)^4.9 or about 7 \Ntimes higher than the original pipe. At 0.3 gpm,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.88,0:06:00.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the pressure drop is 3 inches. That’s \Nabout 6 times the original. At 0.6 gpm,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.48,0:06:06.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the pressure drop is 7.5 inches, about \N7 times the original. And at 0.9 gpm,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.72,0:06:12.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we’re off the scale. All of that is to say, we’re \Ngetting close to the correct answers, but there’s
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.32,0:06:17.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something else going on here. To explore this \Neven further, let’s take it to the extreme.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.20,0:06:22.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We’ll swap out a pipe with a diameter 5 times \Nlarger than the original sample. In this case,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.40,0:06:29.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we’d expect the head loss to be 1 over 5^4.3, \Nbasically a tiny fraction of that measured with
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.04,0:06:34.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the original sample. Let’s see if this is the \Ncase. At 0.3 gpm, the pressure drop is basically
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.48,0:06:41.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,negligible just like last time. At 0.6 and 0.9 \Ngpm, the pressure drop is essentially the same as
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.52,0:06:46.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the original. Obviously, there’s more to the head \Nloss than just the properties of the pipe itself,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.32,0:06:50.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and maybe you caught this already. There is \Nsomething conspicuous about the Hazen-Williams
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.40,0:06:55.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,equation. It estimates the friction in a pipe, \Nbut it doesn’t include the friction and turbulence
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.28,0:07:00.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that occurs at sudden changes in direction or \Nexpansion and contraction of the flow. These
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.72,0:07:05.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are called minor losses, because for long pipes \Nthey usually are minor. But in some situations
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.52,0:07:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the plumbing in buildings or my little \Ndemonstration here, they can add up quickly.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.00,0:07:15.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every time a fluid makes a sudden turn (like \Naround an elbow) or expands or contracts (like
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.12,0:07:20.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through these quick-release fittings), it \Nexperiences extra turbulence, which creates
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.08,0:07:24.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an additional loss of pressure. Think of it like \Nyou are walking through a hallway with a turn. You
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.96,0:07:30.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anticipate the turn, so you adjust your path \Naccordingly. Water doesn’t, so it has to crash
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.16,0:07:34.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the side - and then change directions. \NAnd, there is actually a formula for these minor
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.72,0:07:39.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,losses. It says that they are a function of the \Nfluid’s velocity squared and this k factor that
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.76,0:07:45.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been measured in laboratory testing for any \Nnumber of bends, expansions, and contractions.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.04,0:07:50.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As just another example of this, here’s a sample \Npipe with four 90-degree bends. If you were just
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.40,0:07:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,calculating pressure loss from pipe flow, you \Nwould expect it to be insignificant. Short,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.00,0:08:01.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,smooth pipe of an appropriate diameter. The \Nreality is that, at each of the flow rates tested
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.20,0:08:06.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the original straight pipe sample, this one has \Nabout double the head loss, maxing out at nearly
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.48,0:08:13.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,6 inches of pressure drop at 0.9 gpm. Engineers \Nhave to include “minor” losses to the calculated
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.92,0:08:19.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,frictional losses within the pipe to estimate the \Ntotal head loss. In my demo here, except for the
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.68,0:08:25.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,case of the 20’ pipe, most of the pressure drop \Nbetween the two measurement points is caused by
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.28,0:08:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,minor losses through the different fittings in the \Nmanifold. It’s why, in this example, the pressure
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.00,0:08:34.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,drop is essentially the same as the original. Even \Nthough the pipe is much larger in diameter, the
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.96,0:08:39.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,expansion and contraction required to transition \Nto this large pipe make up for the difference.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.40,0:08:45.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One clarification to this demo I want to make: \NI’ve been adjusting this valve each time to keep
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.44,0:08:50.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the flow rate consistent between each example \Nso that we make fair comparisons. But that’s not
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.72,0:08:55.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how we take showers or use our taps. Maybe \Nyou do it differently, but I just turn the
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.36,0:09:00.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,valve as far as it will go. The resulting flow \Nrate is a function of the pressure in the tap
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.80,0:09:06.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the configuration of piping along \Nthe way. More pressure or less friction
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.40,0:09:10.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and turbulence in the pipes and fittings \Nwill give you more flow (and vice versa).
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.44,0:09:15.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let’s tie all this new knowledge \Ntogether with an example pipeline.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.04,0:09:18.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rather than just knowing the total \Npressure drop from one end to another,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.88,0:09:23.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,engineers like to draw the pressure continuously \Nalong a pipe. This is called the hydraulic grade
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.68,0:09:28.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,line, and, conveniently, it represents the \Nheight the water would reach if you were to tap
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.80,0:09:33.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a vertical tube into the main pipe. With a \Nhydraulic grade line, it’s really easy to see
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.84,0:09:38.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how pressure is lost through pipe friction. \NChanging the flow rate or diameter of the pipe
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.96,0:09:44.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,changes the slope of the hydraulic grade line. \NIt’s also easy to see how fittings create minor
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.24,0:09:49.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,losses in the pipe. This type of diagram \Nis advantageous in many ways. For example,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.44,0:09:53.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can overlay the pressure rating of the pipe \Nand see if you’re going above it. You can also
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.92,0:09:59.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,see where you might need booster pump stations \Non long pipelines. Finally, you can visualize how
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.20,0:10:04.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,changes to a design like pipe size, flow rate, \Nor length affect the hydraulics along the way.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.52,0:10:17.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Friction in pipes? Not necessarily the \Nmost fascinating hydraulic phenomenon. But,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.04,0:10:22.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most of engineering is making compromises, usually \Nbetween cost and performance. That’s why it’s so
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.56,0:10:28.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,useful to understand how changing a design can \Ntip the scales. Formulas like the Hazen-Williams
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.80,0:10:33.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the minor loss equations are just as useful \Nto engineers designing pipelines that carry
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.84,0:10:38.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,huge volumes of fluid all the way down to \Nhomeowners fixing the plumbing in their houses.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.56,0:10:44.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s intuitive that reducing the length of a pipe \Nor increasing its diameter or reducing the number
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.56,0:10:49.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of bends and fittings ensures that more of the \Nfluid’s pressure makes it to the end of the line.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.36,0:10:54.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But engineers can’t rely just on intuition. \NThese equations help us understand how much
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.96,0:11:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of an improvement can be expected without having \Nto go out to the garage and test it out like I
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.00,0:11:04.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,did. Pipe systems are important to us, \Nso it’s critical that we can design them
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.32,0:11:08.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to carry the right amount of flow without too \Nmuch drop in pressure from one end to the other.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.80,0:11:12.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s time for everyone’s favorite segment of
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.80,0:11:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,me trying to cook while my wife \Ntries to capture that on video.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.00,0:11:17.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“And… Action!”
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.32,0:11:22.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“Who cut this tiny hole in the cheese?”
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.16,0:11:27.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Goofing around in the kitchen is one \Nof our favorite things to do together.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.28,0:11:30.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That’s why we’re thankful for \NHelloFresh, the sponsor of this video,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.48,0:11:34.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for converting cooking from a chore into \Nour favorite thing to do on date night.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.32,0:11:35.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“So delizioso!”
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.96,0:11:39.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes, the hardest part about \Ndinner is just deciding what to have,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.92,0:11:45.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it’s nice to have HelloFresh curating \Ndelicious and healthy recipes so we don’t have to.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.12,0:11:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“How’s it feel?”
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.12,0:11:53.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The pre-portioned ingredients mean there’s less \Nprep and less food waste, and the packaging is
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.52,0:11:59.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mostly recyclable or already recycled content. \NHelloFresh also helps us get dinner ready quickly
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.28,0:12:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the days we don’t feel like planning, prep, and \Nshopping. We get to skip straight to the fun part.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.00,0:12:04.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“Ewww!”
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.32,0:12:12.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Go try it yourself at HelloFresh.com and use
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.96,0:12:17.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,code PRACTICAL12 to get 12 free \Nmeals, including free shipping.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.20,0:12:21.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Supporting our sponsors helps support this \Nchannel. That’s HelloFresh.com and use code
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.68,0:12:37.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,PRACTICAL12. Thanks, HelloFresh, and thank \NYOU for watching. Let me know what you think.