1 00:00:01,568 --> 00:00:03,297 Men will stop at nothing. 2 00:00:03,570 --> 00:00:05,333 I'd rather die than lose I think. 3 00:00:06,806 --> 00:00:08,205 You can't trust women. 4 00:00:08,541 --> 00:00:12,739 Women can get away with everything I think in life, just by smiling. 5 00:00:12,946 --> 00:00:15,176 Men and women can't get along. 6 00:00:15,448 --> 00:00:19,043 I don't feel Craig understands me hardly at all. 7 00:00:20,120 --> 00:00:22,054 Are we different species? 8 00:00:23,256 --> 00:00:25,451 Five men, five women. 9 00:00:25,658 --> 00:00:27,421 I found it really, really difficult. 10 00:00:27,594 --> 00:00:29,255 Men have no empathy. 11 00:00:30,130 --> 00:00:32,655 The world's biggest sex survey... 12 00:00:34,768 --> 00:00:36,599 Secret experiments... 13 00:00:39,406 --> 00:00:43,103 And in a world first, brain changing drugs... 14 00:00:43,309 --> 00:00:45,470 It's totally changed me life. 15 00:00:45,779 --> 00:00:47,474 Mate? How're you doing? 16 00:00:47,981 --> 00:00:52,077 Prepare to discover what really separate the sexes. 17 00:01:01,694 --> 00:01:06,654 We've invited five women and five men to take part in a series of unique tests. 18 00:01:06,833 --> 00:01:07,663 - Good morning. - Morning. 19 00:01:07,834 --> 00:01:08,596 Could you tell me your name please? 20 00:01:08,768 --> 00:01:10,133 Yes. Jamie Hannah. 21 00:01:11,304 --> 00:01:16,241 Our test group has been chosen to represent as broad a range of people as possible. 22 00:01:16,476 --> 00:01:17,465 And what is your occupation? 23 00:01:17,644 --> 00:01:18,872 I'm a housewife. 24 00:01:19,412 --> 00:01:20,436 Ah, investment banker. 25 00:01:20,613 --> 00:01:21,170 Engineer. 26 00:01:21,347 --> 00:01:22,837 I'm a teaching assistant. 27 00:01:23,183 --> 00:01:25,208 And how many sexual partners have you had? 28 00:01:25,418 --> 00:01:26,908 Um... three. 29 00:01:27,287 --> 00:01:28,948 I can count on both hands. 30 00:01:29,556 --> 00:01:32,218 Hmm, God I can't answer that. 31 00:01:32,625 --> 00:01:35,116 Um, a number less than my wife I think. 32 00:01:36,796 --> 00:01:39,162 The volunteers know they're taking part in a programme 33 00:01:39,332 --> 00:01:41,960 about the differences between men and women. 34 00:01:42,135 --> 00:01:44,000 We need to take a saliva sample... 35 00:01:44,337 --> 00:01:47,170 What they don't know is that by the end of the programme 36 00:01:47,340 --> 00:01:51,743 some of them will have totally changed their view of who they really are. 37 00:01:57,517 --> 00:01:58,745 First they need to complete 38 00:01:58,918 --> 00:02:01,512 the BBC's online sex survey. 39 00:02:01,688 --> 00:02:03,053 They" be tested on everything from 40 00:02:03,223 --> 00:02:06,590 language to love, geometry to greed. 41 00:02:06,759 --> 00:02:09,922 On your laptop computers there are a series of programmes 42 00:02:10,096 --> 00:02:13,361 that assess a whole range of traits and abilities. 43 00:02:13,533 --> 00:02:17,663 What we want to see is how the brains of men and women differ. 44 00:02:20,006 --> 00:02:21,633 Professor Richard Lippa and his colleagues 45 00:02:21,808 --> 00:02:23,673 designed the survey for us, 46 00:02:23,843 --> 00:02:29,679 and since it went online nearly half a million people world-wide have taken part. 47 00:02:30,583 --> 00:02:35,020 This is the single largest gender survey that's ever been conducted. 48 00:02:36,556 --> 00:02:41,687 We've never been able to assess such a variety of people in so many different areas. 49 00:02:42,929 --> 00:02:46,626 What we want to know is how different our men and women are 50 00:02:46,833 --> 00:02:49,301 and how they measure up to the nation. 51 00:02:56,976 --> 00:02:58,910 I'd rather die than lose I think. 52 00:03:00,480 --> 00:03:03,005 I'm more interested in engineering than I am in people. 53 00:03:03,183 --> 00:03:04,047 I'm a fighter. 54 00:03:04,217 --> 00:03:07,243 I think that's a masculine quality that I definitely have. 55 00:03:07,954 --> 00:03:10,149 I'm a man in a traditionally female role. 56 00:03:10,423 --> 00:03:12,983 I like to say how I feel. 57 00:03:13,159 --> 00:03:14,786 If that gets me into trouble, so be it. 58 00:03:14,961 --> 00:03:16,189 Well that's me. 59 00:03:16,429 --> 00:03:19,762 He sees me a bit like a Rottweiler or something. 60 00:03:19,933 --> 00:03:23,699 And I always wear something that's quite low cut, quite you know... 61 00:03:24,304 --> 00:03:27,762 In my job we deal with um, hundred and millions of pounds. 62 00:03:28,174 --> 00:03:29,266 They're just numbers on screen. 63 00:03:29,442 --> 00:03:30,340 They're just zeros. 64 00:03:31,411 --> 00:03:34,073 I wouldn't really say I was a girlie girl at all. 65 00:03:39,385 --> 00:03:42,548 We'll be testing out volunteers whatever they do. 66 00:03:42,922 --> 00:03:44,321 Even the cab they arrived in 67 00:03:44,490 --> 00:03:46,117 was rigged with hidden cameras. 68 00:03:46,292 --> 00:03:48,089 - Hello. - Alright, how are you doing. 69 00:03:48,261 --> 00:03:49,353 And driven by an actor. 70 00:03:49,529 --> 00:03:50,461 The BBC, eh? 71 00:03:50,630 --> 00:03:52,757 - What a load of bollocks. - Is it? 72 00:03:54,534 --> 00:03:55,364 What's going on? 73 00:03:55,535 --> 00:03:58,402 They're doing a science programme, difference between men and women. 74 00:03:59,072 --> 00:04:00,767 The way they think, the way that we think differently, eh? 75 00:04:00,940 --> 00:04:04,808 Yeah. As in, men do, women don't. You know? 76 00:04:06,913 --> 00:04:08,346 - I love documentaries. - Yeah. 77 00:04:08,514 --> 00:04:09,811 There's so much rubbish on telly. 78 00:04:09,983 --> 00:04:14,113 The actor makes sure that all of our passengers hear the same conversation. 79 00:04:14,354 --> 00:04:16,015 Well they were saying that the square mile down here, 80 00:04:16,189 --> 00:04:17,747 if it-if it was an independent country 81 00:04:17,923 --> 00:04:19,619 it would be the 20th richest in the world. 82 00:04:19,791 --> 00:04:20,281 Yeah. 83 00:04:20,459 --> 00:04:22,120 - That's what they were saying. - Amazing. 84 00:04:23,930 --> 00:04:25,591 Well you'd think after 29 years of marriage 85 00:04:25,765 --> 00:04:27,232 you'd know someone pretty well, wouldn't you. 86 00:04:27,400 --> 00:04:28,264 You would do, wouldn't you. 87 00:04:28,434 --> 00:04:30,698 Not me. She's run off with another bloke. 88 00:04:31,137 --> 00:04:32,297 Like obviously not. 89 00:04:32,472 --> 00:04:33,962 Think that's why I'm on the show. 90 00:04:34,207 --> 00:04:36,232 I'd fucking party mass off round the world. 91 00:04:37,443 --> 00:04:40,105 I just can't believe I was that stupid. 92 00:04:44,651 --> 00:04:45,515 But will the men and women 93 00:04:45,685 --> 00:04:48,483 remember different bits of what they've heard? 94 00:04:50,623 --> 00:04:52,386 Will the next person come in please? 95 00:04:54,060 --> 00:04:56,028 Psychiatrist Doctor Sandra Scott 96 00:04:56,195 --> 00:04:58,493 springs a surprise interrogation. 97 00:04:59,799 --> 00:05:01,562 What kind of car did you come here in? 98 00:05:01,768 --> 00:05:03,167 Er it was a silver Mercedes. 99 00:05:04,203 --> 00:05:05,261 Anything else? 100 00:05:05,471 --> 00:05:08,565 Er, silver, leather seats, 101 00:05:09,475 --> 00:05:12,501 um, GPS system on the dashboard... 102 00:05:12,912 --> 00:05:13,810 That it? 103 00:05:13,980 --> 00:05:18,246 I noticed the central locking switch had a chrome handle 104 00:05:18,418 --> 00:05:21,410 for opening the door after central locking. 105 00:05:21,587 --> 00:05:23,020 Did you talk to the cab driver? 106 00:05:23,589 --> 00:05:24,556 Er yeah we talked 107 00:05:24,724 --> 00:05:27,625 er about um... 108 00:05:27,794 --> 00:05:30,228 the sort of financial centre of er London. 109 00:05:30,863 --> 00:05:32,387 Yeah they were going on about the square mile which is, 110 00:05:32,565 --> 00:05:34,931 you-you might have heard of it, just down here? 111 00:05:35,101 --> 00:05:37,467 It's where all the banks are in London. Yeah. 112 00:05:38,438 --> 00:05:41,100 They reckon that if it was an independent country 113 00:05:41,474 --> 00:05:44,739 it'd be the 20th richest in the world. Unbelievable. 114 00:05:44,911 --> 00:05:45,935 Yeah. 115 00:05:48,014 --> 00:05:51,347 Can you recall three facts or possibly more 116 00:05:51,517 --> 00:05:54,281 of what he told you about the City of London? 117 00:05:55,321 --> 00:06:00,190 Um... tch... er... 118 00:06:01,327 --> 00:06:04,660 I can't remember. He was er, um... 119 00:06:06,899 --> 00:06:09,766 Er... no. 120 00:06:10,670 --> 00:06:12,661 Do you remember him talking about his marriage? 121 00:06:12,839 --> 00:06:13,828 Yes I do, yeah. 122 00:06:14,006 --> 00:06:15,473 So that was another topic covered. 123 00:06:15,641 --> 00:06:17,040 It was, yeah... 124 00:06:17,877 --> 00:06:18,935 Car was automatic by the way. 125 00:06:19,112 --> 00:06:19,669 Sorry? 126 00:06:19,846 --> 00:06:21,313 The car was automatic, by the way. 127 00:06:21,481 --> 00:06:22,038 Okay. 128 00:06:22,215 --> 00:06:23,477 It had a walnut trim. 129 00:06:23,916 --> 00:06:25,213 So were you actually listening to him? 130 00:06:25,385 --> 00:06:28,616 I... yes! Er um er or connecting 131 00:06:28,788 --> 00:06:33,225 but-rather than wishing to store information, so... 132 00:06:33,760 --> 00:06:34,988 What did interest you? 133 00:06:35,461 --> 00:06:36,450 Talking about his marriage problems. 134 00:06:36,629 --> 00:06:38,654 He was really quite open which quite surprised me really 135 00:06:38,831 --> 00:06:40,458 because men are quite, normally hide their feelings 136 00:06:40,633 --> 00:06:42,362 but he was quite forthcoming. 137 00:06:42,568 --> 00:06:44,331 You know he's glad that the kids are older 138 00:06:44,504 --> 00:06:45,937 and they've moved out, 139 00:06:46,239 --> 00:06:48,639 but it just means that he's alone now really. 140 00:06:48,941 --> 00:06:51,307 And he said, if it had been the other way round, 141 00:06:51,544 --> 00:06:53,273 um, she would have found out really early on. 142 00:06:53,446 --> 00:06:55,607 You know, sort of woman's instinct and all that. 143 00:06:56,315 --> 00:06:56,974 How did you catch her out? 144 00:06:57,150 --> 00:06:59,482 You didn't find her at... come home early, did you? 145 00:06:59,786 --> 00:07:01,083 That'd be awful. 146 00:07:02,088 --> 00:07:03,077 Generally speaking, 147 00:07:03,256 --> 00:07:07,693 all of the women had a much be-better memory for the emotional facts. 148 00:07:07,860 --> 00:07:10,192 Men were more thing oriented... 149 00:07:10,430 --> 00:07:12,660 And women were more people oriented. 150 00:07:16,402 --> 00:07:20,236 Women like relationships, men like facts. 151 00:07:20,506 --> 00:07:22,599 But according to Italian scientists 152 00:07:22,809 --> 00:07:24,709 it's not quite so simple. 153 00:07:25,878 --> 00:07:28,438 Okay guys, take a seat. Make yourself comfortable. 154 00:07:29,182 --> 00:07:31,241 I'm just going to get you to watch a few minutes of TV. 155 00:07:32,151 --> 00:07:33,550 If the Italians are right, 156 00:07:33,719 --> 00:07:36,916 you're about to witness something very revealing. 157 00:07:48,968 --> 00:07:51,596 A High Street bank has warned that the number of new buyers 158 00:07:51,771 --> 00:07:55,867 has plunged to it's lowest level for 20 years. The problem of... 159 00:07:56,042 --> 00:07:58,909 When we asked our viewers what they'd seen and heard 160 00:07:59,078 --> 00:08:01,444 we discovered an extraordinary thing. 161 00:08:01,614 --> 00:08:04,276 When 24-hour drinking becomes legal in England 162 00:08:04,450 --> 00:08:06,441 and Wales later this year pubs... 163 00:08:06,619 --> 00:08:10,146 The men remembered some of what our male newsreader had said... 164 00:08:10,356 --> 00:08:12,586 Licenses had been applied for six from London, 165 00:08:12,758 --> 00:08:14,487 none from other places. 166 00:08:14,727 --> 00:08:16,888 If they didn't er curb it within eight weeks 167 00:08:17,063 --> 00:08:18,587 they were gonna receive a fine. 168 00:08:18,865 --> 00:08:21,857 Scientists are warning that a recent outbreak of bird... 169 00:08:22,034 --> 00:08:24,264 But when they were watching his female colleague 170 00:08:24,437 --> 00:08:26,598 they appeared to have gone deaf. 171 00:08:26,772 --> 00:08:28,535 The scars outbreak in 2002... 172 00:08:30,376 --> 00:08:31,843 ...She had two stories... 173 00:08:33,312 --> 00:08:35,576 Er-er... she was quite attractive for a start. 174 00:08:35,748 --> 00:08:38,409 The girl had a pink top with black trim. 175 00:08:38,583 --> 00:08:40,017 That's about all I can remember. 176 00:08:41,053 --> 00:08:42,986 And she had nice breasts. 177 00:08:44,857 --> 00:08:48,054 We found that men are indeed interested in facts, 178 00:08:48,227 --> 00:08:50,718 but one thing they're more interested in... 179 00:08:50,997 --> 00:08:52,055 is sex. 180 00:08:53,266 --> 00:08:54,358 Which stands to reason. 181 00:08:54,534 --> 00:08:57,867 Men are, after all, much more promiscuous than women... 182 00:08:59,372 --> 00:09:00,771 Aren't they? 183 00:09:04,443 --> 00:09:08,072 How many partners have you had sexual intercourse with in the past five years? 184 00:09:08,781 --> 00:09:10,976 How old were you when you lost your virginity? 185 00:09:12,351 --> 00:09:13,750 We sent our researchers to find out 186 00:09:13,920 --> 00:09:17,856 just how much more promiscuous men really are... 187 00:09:19,559 --> 00:09:21,584 Our street survey found that on average, 188 00:09:21,761 --> 00:09:24,161 men reported 13 sexual partners, 189 00:09:24,330 --> 00:09:26,662 while women only managed 7, 190 00:09:26,933 --> 00:09:29,197 in line with other sex surveys. 191 00:09:30,703 --> 00:09:33,763 But hold on, who are all the men sleeping with? 192 00:09:33,940 --> 00:09:36,500 And the survey's about sexual behaviours and attitudes. 193 00:09:37,209 --> 00:09:40,076 The trouble with asking personal questions face to face 194 00:09:40,246 --> 00:09:43,079 is that you rarely get honest answers. 195 00:09:44,450 --> 00:09:46,145 How many sexual partners have you had? 196 00:09:46,319 --> 00:09:49,811 I think... 25 or something like that, 20-25. 197 00:09:50,456 --> 00:09:51,650 I can count on both hands. 198 00:09:52,258 --> 00:09:52,883 You can... 199 00:09:53,059 --> 00:09:54,754 - So 10. - Ten. 200 00:09:56,462 --> 00:09:58,327 Either men are exaggerating or 201 00:09:58,497 --> 00:10:01,489 women are being economical with the truth. 202 00:10:02,702 --> 00:10:04,101 To find out what's going on 203 00:10:04,837 --> 00:10:08,364 we asked our volunteers to take a lie detector test. 204 00:10:09,008 --> 00:10:10,839 I'm gonna put wire round your stomach, 205 00:10:11,544 --> 00:10:13,136 and I'm gonna put one around your chest... 206 00:10:13,512 --> 00:10:15,002 then take the reading from one of them. 207 00:10:16,015 --> 00:10:19,542 Try to breathe normally without taking in a deep breath or holding your breath. 208 00:10:19,719 --> 00:10:20,413 Okay. 209 00:10:20,620 --> 00:10:22,019 Try not to nod or shake your head, 210 00:10:22,188 --> 00:10:22,950 just say yes and no. 211 00:10:23,122 --> 00:10:24,020 Okay. 212 00:10:24,690 --> 00:10:30,253 I am the owner of a financial and accounting recruitment firm... 213 00:10:35,701 --> 00:10:36,929 I'm very money driven. 214 00:10:37,103 --> 00:10:40,630 Be Jack I want to have nice holidays, you know, 215 00:10:40,840 --> 00:10:43,934 I want to get my convertible sports car. 216 00:10:44,110 --> 00:10:46,271 And in the next six months they're my goals. 217 00:10:46,445 --> 00:10:47,673 So I'm gonna achieve them. 218 00:10:47,847 --> 00:10:49,337 Gonna make sure it happens. 219 00:10:50,850 --> 00:10:53,318 - Well I am about to start the test. - Okay. 220 00:10:53,886 --> 00:10:55,649 What I wanna hear from you is a yes or a no. 221 00:10:55,821 --> 00:10:56,651 Okay. 222 00:10:57,390 --> 00:10:59,585 - Is your first name Lucy? - Yes. 223 00:11:03,362 --> 00:11:06,763 Have you had around 10 sexual partners in your lifetime? 224 00:11:07,133 --> 00:11:07,997 No. 225 00:11:09,969 --> 00:11:12,995 Have you had more than 10 sexual partners in your lifetime? 226 00:11:13,806 --> 00:11:14,966 Yes. 227 00:11:20,212 --> 00:11:23,181 I have had more sexual partners than I admitted to. 228 00:11:23,516 --> 00:11:27,077 You know the reasons as to probably why I didn't want to sort of announce it, 229 00:11:27,253 --> 00:11:28,049 but yes I have. 230 00:11:28,220 --> 00:11:29,050 Well what are the reasons? 231 00:11:29,221 --> 00:11:31,314 Well I think the main reasons is-is sort of you know, 232 00:11:31,490 --> 00:11:34,050 the reputation side of it um, you know. 233 00:11:34,260 --> 00:11:35,158 I want to attract the... 234 00:11:35,327 --> 00:11:38,421 and I think the-the man out there is still old-fashioned in his views and points, 235 00:11:38,597 --> 00:11:42,294 um, I think that you know, he still likes a very sort of feminine type of girl who... 236 00:11:42,468 --> 00:11:44,561 and the thought of him, er her sorry, 237 00:11:44,737 --> 00:11:47,535 have slept with a lot of men, you know, disgusts him. 238 00:11:50,476 --> 00:11:53,411 When they filled in our anonymous online survey, 239 00:11:53,679 --> 00:11:58,139 men and women did admit to having the same numbers of sexual partners. 240 00:11:59,485 --> 00:12:02,579 And what's more, nearly a quarter of both sexes 241 00:12:02,755 --> 00:12:06,088 admitted to having been unfaithful to a long-term partner. 242 00:12:06,959 --> 00:12:10,326 We also found that whatever their past experience, 243 00:12:10,496 --> 00:12:12,191 men predicted more than twice as many 244 00:12:12,364 --> 00:12:15,800 sexual partners in the future than women did. 245 00:12:17,036 --> 00:12:20,472 So even though men are distracted by the idea of sex 246 00:12:20,706 --> 00:12:24,142 they aren't more promiscuous than women after all. 247 00:12:25,911 --> 00:12:28,539 It's just that they'd like to be. 248 00:12:30,316 --> 00:12:32,011 So one myth busted. 249 00:12:32,184 --> 00:12:34,277 What about the other stereotypes? 250 00:12:34,453 --> 00:12:35,920 Women are more emotional. 251 00:12:36,188 --> 00:12:37,553 We're more understanding... 252 00:12:37,723 --> 00:12:38,553 Friendlier... 253 00:12:38,724 --> 00:12:39,554 Sensitive... 254 00:12:39,725 --> 00:12:40,885 Caring... 255 00:12:44,530 --> 00:12:46,760 But are women really more caring? 256 00:12:48,768 --> 00:12:51,236 We hired an 8-year old actress, 257 00:12:52,004 --> 00:12:54,029 fitted her with a secret camera, 258 00:12:55,107 --> 00:12:57,575 and abandoned her on a London street. 259 00:13:00,279 --> 00:13:02,713 This is what happened next... 260 00:13:19,665 --> 00:13:22,361 This test is a measure of empathy, 261 00:13:22,535 --> 00:13:26,232 the ability to put yourself in someone else's shoes 262 00:13:26,438 --> 00:13:28,963 and to act appropriately. 263 00:13:32,211 --> 00:13:33,371 Hello darling. 264 00:13:33,546 --> 00:13:35,207 - You alright, sweetheart? - Yeah. 265 00:13:35,381 --> 00:13:36,643 You're waiting for someone, pet? 266 00:13:36,816 --> 00:13:40,183 Yeah my mummy's just gone in Simsbury's. 267 00:13:43,722 --> 00:13:46,691 - How long's she been? - Mm, don't know. 268 00:13:50,429 --> 00:13:52,056 Do you want some company? 269 00:13:52,565 --> 00:13:54,692 Well I think it was shock to both of us to see 270 00:13:54,867 --> 00:13:58,997 a little girl sitting all on her own up against a cement wall. 271 00:13:59,171 --> 00:14:02,470 Yes. And you just wanted to go in and protect her and... 272 00:14:02,641 --> 00:14:03,608 Yeah. And that's... 273 00:14:03,776 --> 00:14:05,403 make sure that she was okay. 274 00:14:05,678 --> 00:14:08,340 But it was just commonsense 275 00:14:08,514 --> 00:14:11,847 when you see a little girl on her own you don't walk past her. 276 00:14:12,084 --> 00:14:15,850 I saw her twice actually, going down and coming back up... 277 00:14:16,255 --> 00:14:19,190 I thought she was probably waiting for somebody in the hairdressers actually. 278 00:14:19,658 --> 00:14:22,456 I noticed she actually did have quite a brand new pair of shoes on. 279 00:14:22,628 --> 00:14:26,758 So I thought she doesn't look as if she's in a light amount of trouble. 280 00:14:29,869 --> 00:14:31,803 I'm a man with me own, aren't I. 281 00:14:32,204 --> 00:14:34,229 And if I'm seen talking to little girls like that, 282 00:14:34,406 --> 00:14:35,634 what's the reaction? 283 00:14:37,943 --> 00:14:40,468 Of all the excuses given for doing nothing, 284 00:14:40,679 --> 00:14:42,647 concern about being seen as a paedophile 285 00:14:42,815 --> 00:14:44,612 seems the most plausible. 286 00:14:45,317 --> 00:14:48,684 But note that none of the men alerted the authorities 287 00:14:48,888 --> 00:14:51,186 or asked a women to help on their behalf. 288 00:14:52,391 --> 00:14:53,358 What you doing there, poppet? 289 00:14:53,525 --> 00:14:55,186 During the hour we filmed, 290 00:14:55,427 --> 00:14:57,861 41 women stopped to help. 291 00:14:58,430 --> 00:15:02,526 Some of them were so concerned that they came back several times. 292 00:15:04,904 --> 00:15:07,168 But only two men stopped. 293 00:15:07,406 --> 00:15:08,896 And one of them was with a woman. 294 00:15:09,074 --> 00:15:10,837 - Are you alright, darlin'? - Yeah... 295 00:15:11,076 --> 00:15:13,476 Twenty two percent of women offered help 296 00:15:13,646 --> 00:15:16,444 as opposed tojust one percent of men. 297 00:15:20,352 --> 00:15:21,819 But this is just one test, 298 00:15:21,987 --> 00:15:24,615 and one way of measuring empathy. 299 00:15:27,326 --> 00:15:30,352 Our volunteers are about to try another. 300 00:15:39,405 --> 00:15:43,068 Former para Paddy Doyle runs a boxing gym. 301 00:15:43,242 --> 00:15:46,109 If it wasn't for fitness I'd be... be-be in prison. 302 00:15:46,278 --> 00:15:47,472 You know. I would be. 303 00:15:47,713 --> 00:15:50,375 Paddy holds 130 world records 304 00:15:50,549 --> 00:15:52,380 for fitness and endurance. 305 00:15:53,886 --> 00:15:57,515 He is officially the world's fittest athlete. 306 00:15:58,624 --> 00:16:02,185 I've-I've had to be selfish er while doing my sport. 307 00:16:03,963 --> 00:16:04,987 And it's affected my relationships 308 00:16:05,164 --> 00:16:06,859 because women couldn't take that. 309 00:16:07,032 --> 00:16:09,000 It was either the world records or them. 310 00:16:09,168 --> 00:16:11,568 And unfortunately I went for the world records. 311 00:16:13,806 --> 00:16:14,738 Like the others, 312 00:16:14,907 --> 00:16:20,470 Paddy has filled in a detailed psychological questionnaire designed to measure empathy. 313 00:16:25,250 --> 00:16:29,016 Of the half a million people who took part in our online survey, 314 00:16:29,188 --> 00:16:32,715 over 90%% % of the top scorers were women. 315 00:16:32,891 --> 00:16:35,325 Men were very much in second place. 316 00:16:39,999 --> 00:16:41,432 How do you think your husband would do on this? 317 00:16:41,600 --> 00:16:42,464 How do-what do you think his score... 318 00:16:42,634 --> 00:16:43,896 Oh this guy, you'd be having a laugh, 319 00:16:44,069 --> 00:16:45,297 right at bottom. 320 00:16:45,537 --> 00:16:46,834 Men have no empathy. 321 00:16:47,006 --> 00:16:47,700 No. 322 00:16:47,873 --> 00:16:50,774 Okay. Well let's to a man to see how he feels about that. 323 00:16:51,477 --> 00:16:53,638 For empathising I got 12 out of 20. 324 00:16:53,879 --> 00:16:55,141 Oh, are we surprised? 325 00:16:55,314 --> 00:16:56,372 Yes. 326 00:16:57,583 --> 00:17:00,711 Thought it would have been um... a bit less. 327 00:17:00,953 --> 00:17:03,319 Yeah. So that has surprised me. 328 00:17:05,891 --> 00:17:07,188 In the empathy test 329 00:17:07,358 --> 00:17:10,556 Paddy actually outscored all the other men, 330 00:17:10,729 --> 00:17:12,856 and all but two of the women. 331 00:17:14,233 --> 00:17:14,926 Paddy's breaking the mould 332 00:17:15,099 --> 00:17:16,896 and shown that some men can be very empathic. 333 00:17:17,069 --> 00:17:17,898 What about you? 334 00:17:18,069 --> 00:17:21,767 Um, definitely not. A case, apparently, according to this test. 335 00:17:22,040 --> 00:17:23,372 I got 3 out of 20. 336 00:17:23,642 --> 00:17:25,940 Apparently I've been told I do lack a bit of empathy. 337 00:17:26,111 --> 00:17:29,603 And er I-I have tried using it in a sentence before like saying, 338 00:17:29,782 --> 00:17:31,113 I empathise with you. 339 00:17:31,283 --> 00:17:32,910 But apparently that's not empathy. 340 00:17:33,519 --> 00:17:35,282 Can I suggest you go to Paddy for some lessons? 341 00:17:35,454 --> 00:17:36,443 I will. 342 00:17:41,093 --> 00:17:45,189 Liz and Craig Watson have a personal interest in empathy. 343 00:17:45,464 --> 00:17:47,295 Everyone looks so happy, don't they. 344 00:17:48,100 --> 00:17:50,694 It seemed very idyllic really. 345 00:17:50,936 --> 00:17:55,032 I rememberjust feeling very comfortable with you. Then. 346 00:17:57,042 --> 00:17:59,101 Craig is very calculating. 347 00:17:59,278 --> 00:18:00,506 He's very stubborn. 348 00:18:00,712 --> 00:18:01,838 Incredibly stubborn. 349 00:18:02,014 --> 00:18:04,608 Liz is... is the opposite of myself. 350 00:18:04,783 --> 00:18:06,876 Um, she's almost too fiery, 351 00:18:07,052 --> 00:18:09,953 too almost out of control at times. 352 00:18:10,122 --> 00:18:13,614 I don't feel Craig understands me hardly at all. 353 00:18:13,959 --> 00:18:16,223 And we've gone out sometimes and Craig's had a book, 354 00:18:16,395 --> 00:18:17,794 and he's reading the book when we're out. 355 00:18:17,963 --> 00:18:18,622 You know and that-that... 356 00:18:18,797 --> 00:18:20,424 that really upsets me actually. 357 00:18:20,599 --> 00:18:22,089 You see, I haven't done that for several years. 358 00:18:22,267 --> 00:18:24,030 Oh you've done it recently. 359 00:18:24,570 --> 00:18:27,437 Craig is living the life of a bachelor, actually. 360 00:18:27,873 --> 00:18:29,636 And he, you know, he's a great bachelor. 361 00:18:34,246 --> 00:18:35,873 Liz and Craig blame each other 362 00:18:36,048 --> 00:18:37,913 for their failure to communicate. 363 00:18:38,717 --> 00:18:42,448 So in an unusual move we've asked neurologist Reuben Gerr 364 00:18:42,621 --> 00:18:44,555 to examine their brains. 365 00:18:44,823 --> 00:18:47,485 So um here is er the scanner, 366 00:18:47,659 --> 00:18:51,925 and er what we will get is an image of your brain anatomy, 367 00:18:52,097 --> 00:18:53,928 but more importantly we'll get images of 368 00:18:54,099 --> 00:18:56,192 what parts of the brain become active 369 00:18:56,368 --> 00:18:59,269 when you have to solve specific kinds of problems. 370 00:19:01,106 --> 00:19:02,505 A key part of empathy 371 00:19:02,674 --> 00:19:05,507 is recognising how other people feel. 372 00:19:06,345 --> 00:19:07,334 We'll start doing the tests, 373 00:19:07,513 --> 00:19:12,382 and the first test is the test er of emotion recognition. 374 00:19:12,951 --> 00:19:16,352 And you have to answer whether the face er 375 00:19:16,522 --> 00:19:20,014 looks to you like a positive or a negative emotion. 376 00:19:20,759 --> 00:19:23,057 To me communication is mostly about the non-verbal, 377 00:19:23,228 --> 00:19:25,423 not what you actually say but what you're feeling. 378 00:19:25,597 --> 00:19:28,532 And I think Craig's not that in touch with his feelings enough. 379 00:19:28,767 --> 00:19:31,167 Actually maybe I've got perhaps more sensitivity in that area 380 00:19:31,336 --> 00:19:34,237 than I'm given credit for, and-and vice versa that Lizzie 381 00:19:34,406 --> 00:19:37,603 hasn't got quite as much strength in that area that she gives herself credit for. 382 00:19:39,011 --> 00:19:40,171 Well that's interesting. 383 00:19:40,345 --> 00:19:41,937 I just learned something else. 384 00:19:44,616 --> 00:19:46,641 If the scan reveals that Liz and Craig 385 00:19:46,818 --> 00:19:48,911 read other people's emotion differently 386 00:19:49,087 --> 00:19:53,353 then some of their misunderstandings might be instantly explained. 387 00:19:55,427 --> 00:20:00,490 The part of the brain that deals with emotions is right in the centre of the brain, right here. 388 00:20:00,766 --> 00:20:03,564 Liz shows er a hefty activation, 389 00:20:03,735 --> 00:20:07,034 whereas Craig's brain shows no activation at all 390 00:20:07,206 --> 00:20:09,333 in this emotional part of the brain... 391 00:20:09,508 --> 00:20:10,133 I'm not locking on. 392 00:20:10,309 --> 00:20:14,143 ...whereas you went straight to the emotional part and you say, 393 00:20:14,313 --> 00:20:17,146 how would I have felt if I were looking like that. 394 00:20:17,316 --> 00:20:19,079 You-you-you immediately invoke the... 395 00:20:19,251 --> 00:20:21,685 the-the emotional part of your brain. 396 00:20:22,654 --> 00:20:27,114 Liz is 40%% % more accurate than Craig at reading emotion in others 397 00:20:27,292 --> 00:20:30,989 because she is using the emotional part of her own brain. 398 00:20:31,663 --> 00:20:33,563 And the scans reveal that in this test 399 00:20:33,732 --> 00:20:38,032 Craig shows no emotional response at all. 400 00:20:38,303 --> 00:20:40,498 Liz, are you surprised at Craig's result? 401 00:20:40,672 --> 00:20:42,401 What surprised me most was the fact 402 00:20:42,574 --> 00:20:48,376 that it was completely devoid of any emotional response in the centre part of the brain. 403 00:20:48,547 --> 00:20:51,516 I mean that actually has given me a big insight into 404 00:20:51,683 --> 00:20:56,814 why um I've often felt I wish he would show some emotion... 405 00:20:56,989 --> 00:20:58,047 Yeah but-but also switching back, 406 00:20:58,223 --> 00:21:00,555 in terms of our relationship and in terms ofjust our understanding, 407 00:21:00,726 --> 00:21:02,921 I sometimes need things to be spelt out more. Yeah. 408 00:21:03,095 --> 00:21:06,826 Yeah that-just don't think I'm going to take it on telepathically or sojust, 409 00:21:06,999 --> 00:21:08,626 you've actually got to tell me. 410 00:21:08,800 --> 00:21:12,361 And also I mean in situations where there's plenty of conflict and so on, 411 00:21:12,537 --> 00:21:14,061 I'm trying to calm things down actually. 412 00:21:14,239 --> 00:21:15,831 I guess I just want to avoid conflict, 413 00:21:16,008 --> 00:21:18,977 whereas you're more able to... or more willing to fort of embrace... 414 00:21:19,144 --> 00:21:22,875 Yeah. Well I just think it's-it's a much more interesting level to operate on 415 00:21:23,048 --> 00:21:26,108 if you can get into your emotional response a bit more. 416 00:21:26,318 --> 00:21:29,219 If women assume that men are just like them, and vice versa, 417 00:21:29,388 --> 00:21:30,878 that's when you get into difficulties. 418 00:21:31,089 --> 00:21:31,680 As far as you're concerned 419 00:21:31,857 --> 00:21:33,188 you're sending out all these signals. 420 00:21:33,358 --> 00:21:35,656 It's entirely obvious that you are upset, 421 00:21:35,827 --> 00:21:37,351 so then when the bloke doesn't respond 422 00:21:37,529 --> 00:21:38,587 you up the anti some more 423 00:21:38,764 --> 00:21:40,493 because you're determined to get an emotional response, 424 00:21:40,666 --> 00:21:42,429 you introduce emotive s-you know, 425 00:21:42,601 --> 00:21:44,466 emotive topics so he has to respond, 426 00:21:44,636 --> 00:21:45,933 he can't ignore it. 427 00:21:46,104 --> 00:21:47,196 And then what do you do? 428 00:21:47,372 --> 00:21:48,703 You end up having a ding-dong. 429 00:21:48,907 --> 00:21:51,171 It's a shame for it to have to degenerate into a row... 430 00:21:51,343 --> 00:21:54,039 just in order to activate the emotional response... 431 00:21:54,346 --> 00:21:57,008 The only real way forward is to realise we are different, 432 00:21:57,182 --> 00:21:59,150 we process this sort of information differently, 433 00:21:59,318 --> 00:22:00,876 and how are we gonna make that work. 434 00:22:07,392 --> 00:22:10,259 Until recently scientists were reluctant to acknowledge 435 00:22:10,429 --> 00:22:12,294 any sex differences. 436 00:22:12,531 --> 00:22:14,294 Partly because of history. 437 00:22:15,867 --> 00:22:21,066 In 1879 Gustav LeBon, the founding father of psychology 438 00:22:21,273 --> 00:22:24,606 announced that intelligent women are so rare 439 00:22:24,776 --> 00:22:28,303 that they are as exceptional as the birth of any monstrosity, 440 00:22:28,480 --> 00:22:31,881 as for example, a gorilla with two heads. 441 00:22:32,050 --> 00:22:35,349 Consequently we men neglect them entirely. 442 00:22:38,090 --> 00:22:42,891 And that, 125 years ago, was medical fact. 443 00:22:47,566 --> 00:22:51,332 If I bring out a male brain and put it next to a female brain 444 00:22:51,503 --> 00:22:53,494 you can see er there's very little differences 445 00:22:53,672 --> 00:22:56,163 in any of the structures on the surface of the brain. 446 00:22:56,341 --> 00:22:59,367 The only difference really between these two is their size. 447 00:22:59,644 --> 00:23:03,842 And, ah, in general female brains are a little bit smaller. 448 00:23:04,049 --> 00:23:07,644 So the er explanation for this is that men tend to be bigger. 449 00:23:07,953 --> 00:23:11,650 And so this is in proportion to that difference in body size. 450 00:23:11,857 --> 00:23:12,983 I don't think anyone's going to suggest 451 00:23:13,158 --> 00:23:16,218 that a small man is any less intelligent than a large man. 452 00:23:16,528 --> 00:23:18,962 Having said that, there have been a number of er studies 453 00:23:19,131 --> 00:23:23,033 to suggest that certain areas of the brain might be slightly different in size. 454 00:23:23,402 --> 00:23:28,772 And the biggest areas of difference appear to be in language processing, 455 00:23:29,040 --> 00:23:29,802 and also in this part 456 00:23:29,975 --> 00:23:35,038 of the frontal lobe which is important in visio-spacial processing. 457 00:23:35,414 --> 00:23:38,076 And this might be the basis for some of the er 458 00:23:38,250 --> 00:23:41,048 functional differences we see between men and women. 459 00:23:41,219 --> 00:23:43,517 Ah, they may just be wired up differently. 460 00:23:44,823 --> 00:23:45,653 Dub. 461 00:23:46,291 --> 00:23:47,315 In this test 462 00:23:47,559 --> 00:23:50,289 Tim is listening to made-up words. 463 00:23:51,029 --> 00:23:51,859 Bok. 464 00:23:52,330 --> 00:23:55,561 Different sounds are played to each ear at the same time... 465 00:23:55,734 --> 00:23:56,598 Bub. 466 00:23:56,768 --> 00:23:59,601 ...but Tim only hears one of them. 467 00:24:00,138 --> 00:24:01,036 Gab. 468 00:24:01,640 --> 00:24:03,870 When Clare listens to the same test, 469 00:24:04,042 --> 00:24:05,907 this is what she hears... 470 00:24:06,344 --> 00:24:07,902 Gab and gat. 471 00:24:08,180 --> 00:24:11,672 Because women use both sides of the brain to process speech 472 00:24:11,850 --> 00:24:13,613 Clare can hear both sounds. 473 00:24:13,785 --> 00:24:15,047 Tod and top. 474 00:24:16,188 --> 00:24:17,155 Dot. 475 00:24:17,322 --> 00:24:21,418 But Tim, who as a man, only uses the right side of his brain... 476 00:24:21,860 --> 00:24:22,554 Get. 477 00:24:22,761 --> 00:24:24,490 ...can only hear one. 478 00:24:25,430 --> 00:24:26,488 Bok. 479 00:24:28,233 --> 00:24:30,167 I found it really, really difficult. 480 00:24:30,335 --> 00:24:32,565 It-it almost came over as one word... 481 00:24:32,737 --> 00:24:34,432 ...in both ears at the same time. 482 00:24:38,877 --> 00:24:41,675 Things aren't looking very good for men. 483 00:24:41,847 --> 00:24:43,542 Yeah it was automatic by the way. 484 00:24:43,982 --> 00:24:46,212 Object-centred, partially deaf, 485 00:24:46,384 --> 00:24:49,717 unempathic, sex-obsessed fantasists 486 00:24:49,955 --> 00:24:52,947 is not how most of them would like to be remembered. 487 00:24:54,092 --> 00:24:58,927 Men are supposed to be go-getting, thrusting, successful. 488 00:24:59,431 --> 00:25:02,093 So we're giving them a chance to shine. 489 00:25:03,101 --> 00:25:07,561 After all, men love competition and they're great at driving. 490 00:25:09,541 --> 00:25:10,803 Aren't they? 491 00:25:11,443 --> 00:25:13,308 I want women to win. Badly. 492 00:25:13,478 --> 00:25:15,241 I'm gonna really try and win this. 493 00:25:16,882 --> 00:25:17,849 I'm in! 494 00:25:18,083 --> 00:25:19,710 I almost feel it in the pit of me stomach... 495 00:25:20,018 --> 00:25:22,851 that I just wanna be better than everybody else. 496 00:25:25,757 --> 00:25:28,590 The hormone testosterone plays an important part 497 00:25:28,760 --> 00:25:30,250 in competitiveness. 498 00:25:30,829 --> 00:25:33,559 Testosterone, the so-called male hormone, 499 00:25:33,732 --> 00:25:36,997 is actually produced by both men and women. 500 00:25:50,916 --> 00:25:53,111 We're analysing our volunteers' hormone levels 501 00:25:53,285 --> 00:25:54,775 throughout the competition 502 00:25:54,953 --> 00:25:57,547 to see how their testosterone responds. 503 00:26:07,098 --> 00:26:10,431 It seems that men, um, the kind of biological response 504 00:26:10,602 --> 00:26:13,435 to competition is very different than that in women. 505 00:26:15,140 --> 00:26:16,698 In the men we see large fluctuations 506 00:26:16,875 --> 00:26:20,868 which is consistent with what one expects in response to competition, 507 00:26:21,613 --> 00:26:24,343 but we see virtually zero fluctuation 508 00:26:24,516 --> 00:26:25,778 in the women. 509 00:26:28,453 --> 00:26:33,186 Men are more likely, um, as a result of this increase in testosterone to take risks, 510 00:26:33,358 --> 00:26:34,950 and risks might end in encounter 511 00:26:35,126 --> 00:26:37,117 and competitive encounter may be beneficial. 512 00:26:38,697 --> 00:26:42,394 The testosterone powered men quickly take the lead. 513 00:26:44,302 --> 00:26:46,998 Lucy in cart 6, the woman who wanted to win, 514 00:26:47,172 --> 00:26:49,936 is languishing in 7th place. 515 00:26:51,843 --> 00:26:54,539 But right at the very front is Lloyd 516 00:26:54,913 --> 00:26:58,405 hotly pursued by Jamie driving cart number 8. 517 00:27:00,318 --> 00:27:03,810 Ah there's an individual who's very much worth, ah, pointing out to you, 518 00:27:03,989 --> 00:27:05,684 and that is number 2. 519 00:27:05,957 --> 00:27:07,481 Ah if we look at his T-levels um 520 00:27:07,659 --> 00:27:10,457 and compare them with his pre-race levels, 521 00:27:10,629 --> 00:27:12,790 there's a substantial increase. 522 00:27:13,665 --> 00:27:15,860 He's ah likely to be a very competitive, 523 00:27:16,034 --> 00:27:20,733 highly... highly strung individual who takes it very seriously. 524 00:27:24,009 --> 00:27:26,603 I'm more interested in engineering than in people. 525 00:27:26,945 --> 00:27:30,312 If it-if it came a choice between separating me from me lathe, 526 00:27:30,482 --> 00:27:32,143 and separating me from Oliver, 527 00:27:32,317 --> 00:27:34,285 I would let go of the lathe. 528 00:27:34,719 --> 00:27:36,983 But I wouldn't give it up easily. 529 00:27:40,625 --> 00:27:41,990 Want me to go first? 530 00:27:42,560 --> 00:27:43,652 I can't just secretly let him win 531 00:27:43,828 --> 00:27:45,420 like his mum can. 532 00:27:46,364 --> 00:27:48,093 I just don't feel it's honest. 533 00:27:48,733 --> 00:27:50,166 Right are you ready? Ready for this? 534 00:27:50,335 --> 00:27:51,267 No. 535 00:27:51,436 --> 00:27:52,562 Jump, jump. 536 00:27:56,107 --> 00:27:56,664 To be honest I don't really feel bad 537 00:27:56,841 --> 00:27:58,536 that he's crying. 538 00:27:59,878 --> 00:28:01,345 To me he's just displaying 539 00:28:01,513 --> 00:28:03,413 what I would feel if I lost 540 00:28:03,581 --> 00:28:05,674 and want to be doing the same thing really. 541 00:28:09,220 --> 00:28:11,211 - How old is he? - Six. 542 00:28:14,893 --> 00:28:16,520 I'm not a monster. 543 00:28:20,465 --> 00:28:23,195 But monstrous things are happening to Lloyd. 544 00:28:23,568 --> 00:28:24,728 Jamie's taken the lead 545 00:28:24,903 --> 00:28:27,895 and he's not showing any signs of giving it back. 546 00:28:29,874 --> 00:28:31,603 But as Lloyd tries to regain the lead 547 00:28:31,776 --> 00:28:33,539 his testosterone sky-rockets 548 00:28:33,712 --> 00:28:37,148 and things go from bad to worse. 549 00:28:40,985 --> 00:28:44,512 Yet more testosterone, and more stupid risks. 550 00:28:45,490 --> 00:28:48,220 Lloyd's race position is in free-fall. 551 00:28:50,228 --> 00:28:53,026 As Jamie strolls past the chequered flag, 552 00:28:54,265 --> 00:28:56,927 Lloyd's world has disintegrated. 553 00:28:58,536 --> 00:29:01,869 The former race leader finishes fifth. 554 00:29:03,374 --> 00:29:04,898 But I have an extraordinary finding here 555 00:29:05,076 --> 00:29:12,847 where number 2's testosterone levels decline rapidly to nearly that of his pre-race levels 556 00:29:13,017 --> 00:29:15,918 which suggests to me that something unusual has happened, 557 00:29:16,087 --> 00:29:17,782 that something has, something's gone wrong here 558 00:29:17,956 --> 00:29:20,424 and I suspect he's not very happy about it. 559 00:29:24,162 --> 00:29:26,460 I feel absolutely enraged. 560 00:29:26,631 --> 00:29:28,929 Not with anybody else but with myself. 561 00:29:30,902 --> 00:29:33,097 Five minutes ago, when you were up there, 562 00:29:33,338 --> 00:29:35,863 I could have got out, smashed something, 563 00:29:36,040 --> 00:29:36,665 hit somebody. 564 00:29:36,841 --> 00:29:37,808 That's how I felt. 565 00:29:37,976 --> 00:29:38,840 I wouldn't have done, 566 00:29:39,010 --> 00:29:41,171 because you know you can't do that in public but... 567 00:29:41,379 --> 00:29:41,970 I feel good. 568 00:29:42,147 --> 00:29:44,911 But I mean I wanted... I-I did actually aim to win. 569 00:29:45,116 --> 00:29:45,844 I wasn't going in the... 570 00:29:46,017 --> 00:29:48,281 well, I wanted to have a good time but I wanted to win as well. 571 00:29:51,222 --> 00:29:53,019 Jamie's testosterone levels during the race 572 00:29:53,191 --> 00:29:55,819 revealed the secret of his success. 573 00:29:57,495 --> 00:29:59,690 While Lloyd's levels went through the roof 574 00:29:59,864 --> 00:30:01,661 Jamie's were much more subtle, 575 00:30:01,833 --> 00:30:03,858 allowing him to become more competitive 576 00:30:04,035 --> 00:30:06,026 and take informed risks. 577 00:30:07,839 --> 00:30:10,399 His modest rises were useful 578 00:30:10,575 --> 00:30:13,339 where Lloyd's were catastrophic. 579 00:30:14,979 --> 00:30:16,446 But if we look at the women, 580 00:30:16,614 --> 00:30:19,640 there's no rise in testosterone levels at all. 581 00:30:19,884 --> 00:30:22,114 There's no doubt that women can be competitive 582 00:30:22,287 --> 00:30:26,280 but they don't have the edge that testosterone can give men. 583 00:30:26,891 --> 00:30:28,222 I am a very competitive person 584 00:30:28,393 --> 00:30:29,883 and I was trying to do my best. 585 00:30:30,061 --> 00:30:31,892 Um, I think I just, you know, break... 586 00:30:32,063 --> 00:30:33,963 and then when I see somebody in front of me, 587 00:30:34,132 --> 00:30:36,600 instead of trying to swerve round them I hesitate. 588 00:30:38,469 --> 00:30:40,460 The men's' rise in testosterone 589 00:30:40,638 --> 00:30:43,300 turbo-charges their competitive instinct, 590 00:30:43,474 --> 00:30:46,375 though it can be a very mixed blessing. 591 00:30:48,913 --> 00:30:50,141 It's not by chance 592 00:30:50,315 --> 00:30:52,545 that women are less prone to road-rage. 593 00:30:56,654 --> 00:30:59,714 Testosterone is an incredibly powerful hormone. 594 00:30:59,891 --> 00:31:01,188 It affects us all - 595 00:31:01,359 --> 00:31:03,054 men and women. 596 00:31:03,695 --> 00:31:07,096 And it affects us well before we're even born. 597 00:31:11,569 --> 00:31:13,560 For the first few weeks of development 598 00:31:13,738 --> 00:31:19,836 it's impossible to tell if the tiny embryo floating in its amniotic fluid is a boy or a girl. 599 00:31:20,778 --> 00:31:22,939 They all appear to be female. 600 00:31:24,749 --> 00:31:25,773 But in week 8 601 00:31:25,950 --> 00:31:29,750 the males start to produce testosterone in huge quantities, 602 00:31:29,921 --> 00:31:31,821 and their bodies change. 603 00:31:34,259 --> 00:31:35,521 And it's recently been discovered 604 00:31:35,693 --> 00:31:40,494 that from the very start they seem to behave differently as well. 605 00:31:43,434 --> 00:31:45,265 At just a few hours old 606 00:31:45,436 --> 00:31:48,428 girls prefer to look at a human face 607 00:31:48,973 --> 00:31:52,909 while boys will look at, well, anything really. 608 00:31:56,414 --> 00:31:59,815 Barely born, and yet girls like people. 609 00:32:00,451 --> 00:32:03,113 And boys like things. 610 00:32:13,097 --> 00:32:17,158 Professor Simon Baron-Cohen had a hunch that the differences in behaviour 611 00:32:17,335 --> 00:32:19,326 were down to testosterone. 612 00:32:20,471 --> 00:32:22,302 He just needed proof. 613 00:32:23,107 --> 00:32:24,301 I was very surprised to discover 614 00:32:24,475 --> 00:32:31,404 that hospitals routinely store the amniotic fluid after they carry out an amniocentesis... 615 00:32:33,451 --> 00:32:36,011 This was the opportunity that we were looking for. 616 00:32:36,187 --> 00:32:37,176 Here was the fluid 617 00:32:37,355 --> 00:32:39,550 that if you like allowed us to go back in time 618 00:32:39,724 --> 00:32:43,785 to make any link between the hormone levels in the womb 619 00:32:43,962 --> 00:32:46,157 and the child's current behaviour. 620 00:32:48,499 --> 00:32:52,162 Well finding the amniocentesis test was tremendously exciting 621 00:32:52,337 --> 00:32:55,966 because never before were you able to measure testosterone levels 622 00:32:56,140 --> 00:32:57,664 produced by the child 623 00:32:57,842 --> 00:33:00,936 and look at later behaviour in relation to that. 624 00:33:01,245 --> 00:33:02,542 Oh look at that there. 625 00:33:02,714 --> 00:33:03,738 Why do you think the big triangle's 626 00:33:03,915 --> 00:33:05,610 pushing the little one? 627 00:33:06,718 --> 00:33:07,377 Don't know. 628 00:33:07,552 --> 00:33:08,541 You don't know? 629 00:33:08,720 --> 00:33:14,420 Well all the cartoons are designed to make people think about the two triangles as people. 630 00:33:14,792 --> 00:33:18,057 And what we want to look at is whether there is any difference between 631 00:33:18,229 --> 00:33:20,993 the one with high testosterone and low testosterone... 632 00:33:21,165 --> 00:33:22,496 very boring 633 00:33:23,334 --> 00:33:27,737 The kids with high testosterone are more likely to behave in a masculine way 634 00:33:27,905 --> 00:33:29,998 than the kids with low testosterone. 635 00:33:30,408 --> 00:33:31,705 The mummy and a baby, 636 00:33:31,876 --> 00:33:34,174 and the mummy's pushing the baby out, 637 00:33:34,345 --> 00:33:37,246 so she could watch telly, 638 00:33:37,415 --> 00:33:39,315 missed baby too noisy. 639 00:33:39,484 --> 00:33:40,917 Yeah? That's great... 640 00:33:41,352 --> 00:33:43,479 If the big triangle was a person, 641 00:33:43,654 --> 00:33:45,588 what kind of person would it be? 642 00:33:46,657 --> 00:33:49,023 - A triangle person. - A triangle person. 643 00:33:49,193 --> 00:33:50,751 What about the little triangle? 644 00:33:51,062 --> 00:33:52,620 What kind of person would they be? 645 00:33:53,331 --> 00:33:56,425 Yeah but they're not, 'cos they haven't got any legs. 646 00:33:57,135 --> 00:34:00,536 And we've been able to show that the testosterone levels, 647 00:34:00,705 --> 00:34:05,972 week 16 of your life, are related to the eye contact you make, 648 00:34:06,144 --> 00:34:09,306 the social relationships that you have, the interests you have, 649 00:34:09,480 --> 00:34:11,380 how fast you learn to talk. 650 00:34:11,649 --> 00:34:16,449 All these things that could be very, very important in the long term, for who you are. 651 00:34:22,527 --> 00:34:27,464 Most of us will never have the opportunity to have our amniotic fluid analysed. 652 00:34:28,699 --> 00:34:32,190 But there is a scientist whose controversial theory could mean 653 00:34:32,370 --> 00:34:37,967 that we can all tell how much testosterone we've been exposed to in the womb right now. 654 00:34:40,344 --> 00:34:43,507 Our fingers have information about how much testosterone 655 00:34:43,681 --> 00:34:46,478 and how much oestrogen we've been exposed to in the womb. 656 00:34:46,650 --> 00:34:50,485 So the longer one's ring finger relative to one's index finger, 657 00:34:50,655 --> 00:34:52,282 the more testosterone you've had. 658 00:34:52,456 --> 00:34:55,688 And that testosterone has an effect on the brain, 659 00:34:55,860 --> 00:34:57,225 and on the body. 660 00:34:58,196 --> 00:34:59,458 If a boy has a large amount 661 00:34:59,630 --> 00:35:01,393 of testosterone before birth 662 00:35:01,566 --> 00:35:02,555 he's likely to be born 663 00:35:02,733 --> 00:35:06,635 with a very efficient heart and vascular system. 664 00:35:08,206 --> 00:35:11,835 So the longer one's ring finger relative to one's index finger, 665 00:35:12,009 --> 00:35:14,034 the faster one can run. 666 00:35:14,779 --> 00:35:18,044 These athletes are five thousand meter specialists. 667 00:35:18,316 --> 00:35:20,250 Professor Manning has never met them, 668 00:35:20,418 --> 00:35:21,942 or seen them race. 669 00:35:22,220 --> 00:35:23,710 But if his theory is correct 670 00:35:23,888 --> 00:35:26,652 he'll be able to tell us all about them. 671 00:35:26,958 --> 00:35:29,290 What I should be able to do is look at the differences 672 00:35:29,460 --> 00:35:31,223 between the ring finger and the index finger, 673 00:35:31,395 --> 00:35:34,853 and on that basis rank these runners first, second, 674 00:35:35,032 --> 00:35:36,693 third, fourth and so on. 675 00:35:38,669 --> 00:35:40,364 In theory that should work. 676 00:35:41,973 --> 00:35:44,032 In practice, we're providing Professor Manning 677 00:35:44,208 --> 00:35:46,472 with photocopies of the athletes' hands 678 00:35:46,644 --> 00:35:48,874 and in return he's risking his reputation 679 00:35:49,046 --> 00:35:53,483 by providing us with the results of a race that has yet to be run. 680 00:35:55,353 --> 00:35:58,345 I'm-I'm looking at a kind of living fossil in the fingers, 681 00:35:58,523 --> 00:36:02,653 something which tells us about an event a long time ago 682 00:36:02,827 --> 00:36:05,591 in the development of this particular individual. 683 00:36:09,033 --> 00:36:10,898 Each of these cards has got a number on. 684 00:36:11,068 --> 00:36:13,536 The numbers are obscured so don't take the front off, 685 00:36:13,704 --> 00:36:15,228 er and the number is my prediction 686 00:36:15,406 --> 00:36:18,864 as to where you're going to end up at the end of the race. 687 00:36:19,977 --> 00:36:21,774 On your marks... 688 00:36:22,446 --> 00:36:23,140 There are other variables 689 00:36:23,314 --> 00:36:25,248 that I ha-just have no knowledge of whatsoever. 690 00:36:25,416 --> 00:36:28,510 How many times do these runners train, for example. 691 00:36:28,686 --> 00:36:30,153 Er are they feeling okay today. 692 00:36:30,321 --> 00:36:31,754 Have they had a row with their girlfriend. 693 00:36:31,923 --> 00:36:33,447 You know, I don't know these men, 694 00:36:33,624 --> 00:36:36,058 and all I've seen are their hands. 695 00:36:37,929 --> 00:36:39,055 You know I'm quite nervous about this. 696 00:36:39,230 --> 00:36:41,494 Um, I hope I'm right and er, 697 00:36:41,666 --> 00:36:43,099 I'm willing to give it a go. 698 00:36:54,946 --> 00:36:59,508 In most people the difference between ring and index fingers is small. 699 00:36:59,684 --> 00:37:01,709 But the ring finger of one of our runners 700 00:37:01,886 --> 00:37:05,913 is a whopping six millimetres longer than his index finger, 701 00:37:06,324 --> 00:37:10,055 and Professor Manning is certain that he's found his winner. 702 00:37:22,006 --> 00:37:23,735 That was absolutely magnificent. 703 00:37:24,375 --> 00:37:28,368 What I'd like you to do is to line up in your finishing order, 704 00:37:28,546 --> 00:37:32,573 and we'll work down line and I'll rip your numbers off. 705 00:37:32,750 --> 00:37:34,479 Starting with Russell... 706 00:37:35,119 --> 00:37:37,883 Oh my god. That is amazing. 707 00:37:38,322 --> 00:37:39,152 Pot luck so far. 708 00:37:40,858 --> 00:37:42,723 No way! 709 00:37:51,636 --> 00:37:52,534 Six. 710 00:37:52,903 --> 00:37:54,530 We got four out of six right 711 00:37:54,705 --> 00:37:57,765 but er the two that were wrong were kinda quite close. 712 00:37:57,942 --> 00:38:00,308 Yeah I thought that the finger thing was bollocks 713 00:38:00,478 --> 00:38:01,968 because there's so many variables. 714 00:38:02,513 --> 00:38:03,810 I'm very impressed. 715 00:38:06,017 --> 00:38:09,976 Professor Manning has agreed to do one further, more radical test... 716 00:38:11,522 --> 00:38:13,956 to see if finger length can be used to determine 717 00:38:14,125 --> 00:38:16,184 our volunteers' brain sex - 718 00:38:16,827 --> 00:38:19,489 how male or female their brains are. 719 00:38:20,298 --> 00:38:25,600 If I arrange you along this line in terms of 720 00:38:25,770 --> 00:38:28,136 the amount of testosterone you've had before birth, 721 00:38:28,306 --> 00:38:31,070 that has no implications for sexuality, 722 00:38:31,676 --> 00:38:37,012 but is has some implications about your very, very early brain organisation. 723 00:38:39,317 --> 00:38:43,185 Our fingers may provide a record of testosterone in the womb 724 00:38:43,387 --> 00:38:45,446 because the genes that trigger its production 725 00:38:45,623 --> 00:38:48,251 also determine finger growth. 726 00:38:52,229 --> 00:38:55,323 In general the men and women performed to type. 727 00:38:56,067 --> 00:38:57,728 The men are at the male end 728 00:38:58,102 --> 00:39:00,366 and the women are at the female end. 729 00:39:01,072 --> 00:39:04,439 Liz and Craig are at opposite ends. 730 00:39:07,678 --> 00:39:09,441 But there's one exception. 731 00:39:10,581 --> 00:39:14,415 Grace's fingers put her well into the male domain. 732 00:39:15,753 --> 00:39:18,517 In our survey of half a million people, 733 00:39:18,689 --> 00:39:23,786 the biggest difference between men and women was in visuo-spacial tasks. 734 00:39:25,563 --> 00:39:29,932 On average men scored 40%% % higher than women. 735 00:39:33,804 --> 00:39:36,500 But some women did outstandingly well 736 00:39:37,375 --> 00:39:41,573 and Professor Manning thinks that's partly down to testosterone. 737 00:39:48,652 --> 00:39:50,279 If Professor Manning is right 738 00:39:50,454 --> 00:39:52,046 Grace should do rather well 739 00:39:52,223 --> 00:39:55,249 at our very own visuo-spacial task. 740 00:39:55,926 --> 00:39:57,018 - Hi everybody. - Hi. 741 00:39:57,194 --> 00:39:58,456 - Morning Tony. - Good morning. 742 00:39:58,629 --> 00:40:03,794 I'm here today to teach you on the cut 432 backhoe loader. 743 00:40:05,903 --> 00:40:09,669 Operating a digger requires a lot of hand-eye co-ordination. 744 00:40:10,408 --> 00:40:12,342 And visuo-spacial skills. 745 00:40:12,510 --> 00:40:14,944 Okay? As if you're holding a fine lady. 746 00:40:15,980 --> 00:40:17,504 And according to our survey 747 00:40:17,715 --> 00:40:21,879 most women aren't that great at visuo-spacial skills. 748 00:40:22,686 --> 00:40:23,448 Put the bucket flat. 749 00:40:23,621 --> 00:40:25,486 Right, the bucket's... which one's the bucket? 750 00:40:25,656 --> 00:40:26,645 Don't, don't dig it in though. 751 00:40:26,824 --> 00:40:28,553 Right. Ooh. 752 00:40:29,293 --> 00:40:30,851 You've just got to be gentle. 753 00:40:31,028 --> 00:40:32,928 So you will win because we're gentle. 754 00:40:33,097 --> 00:40:34,291 These lot are like... 755 00:40:38,202 --> 00:40:39,430 That's brilliant. 756 00:40:40,638 --> 00:40:44,096 All our volunteers have to do is copy Tony. 757 00:40:44,909 --> 00:40:47,173 Oh you've gotta be kidding me. 758 00:40:47,978 --> 00:40:50,173 And try not to break too many eggs. 759 00:40:53,384 --> 00:40:55,113 According to Professor Manning... 760 00:40:56,554 --> 00:40:57,714 Grace is the only woman 761 00:40:57,888 --> 00:40:59,617 who'll be any good at this. 762 00:41:02,092 --> 00:41:03,320 Good luck. 763 00:41:10,868 --> 00:41:12,028 Oh shit. 764 00:41:13,070 --> 00:41:14,401 Oh no! 765 00:41:20,311 --> 00:41:24,509 As expected, the women were comprehensively outclassed by the men. 766 00:41:24,682 --> 00:41:26,377 I've broken my bucket. 767 00:41:34,692 --> 00:41:36,557 But there was one exception. 768 00:41:37,061 --> 00:41:39,928 Grace was joint winner with Lloyd, 769 00:41:40,698 --> 00:41:43,724 scoring three times higher than the rest of the women. 770 00:41:48,272 --> 00:41:49,796 I think most of the... the girls, 771 00:41:49,974 --> 00:41:50,998 the other four girls are living up 772 00:41:51,175 --> 00:41:53,803 to the social expectations of being woman-like, 773 00:41:53,978 --> 00:41:56,469 whereas Grace hasn't fallen into that trap. 774 00:42:01,852 --> 00:42:04,753 I'm a flight test engineer on the eurofire to typhoo. 775 00:42:05,856 --> 00:42:07,517 I assess the aircraft systems 776 00:42:07,691 --> 00:42:11,149 whilest it's being flown by one of our test pilots. 777 00:42:12,997 --> 00:42:15,727 I wouldn't really say I was a girlie-girl at all. 778 00:42:16,400 --> 00:42:19,858 I've always found boys' toys far more interesting than girls'. 779 00:42:22,006 --> 00:42:24,907 You might think that Grace has simply acquired 3-D skills 780 00:42:25,075 --> 00:42:27,066 by becoming an engineer 781 00:42:27,778 --> 00:42:30,679 but her fingers tell a different story. 782 00:42:33,284 --> 00:42:34,842 Even before she was born, 783 00:42:35,085 --> 00:42:36,575 testosterone gave Grace 784 00:42:36,754 --> 00:42:37,880 an all-male brain 785 00:42:38,055 --> 00:42:40,853 with better visuo-spacial skills. 786 00:42:46,096 --> 00:42:48,826 Testosterone is an incredibly powerful hormone 787 00:42:48,999 --> 00:42:52,093 that affects us all, men and women. 788 00:42:52,269 --> 00:42:55,238 - A triangle person. - A triangle person. 789 00:42:56,473 --> 00:42:58,202 It shapes our bodies... 790 00:42:59,843 --> 00:43:01,367 and affects our minds... 791 00:43:04,048 --> 00:43:06,039 and it even seems to be at the heart of why 792 00:43:06,216 --> 00:43:10,550 on average women are better at language and emotional skills 793 00:43:11,255 --> 00:43:14,622 while men are better at visuo-spacial skills. 794 00:43:15,926 --> 00:43:19,020 But of course it's not quite that simple. 795 00:43:20,264 --> 00:43:23,256 Averages conceal individual differences. 796 00:43:24,401 --> 00:43:27,165 We've got nine months in the womb to consider 797 00:43:27,338 --> 00:43:31,104 and testosterone is not produced in the same amounts 798 00:43:31,275 --> 00:43:32,902 throughout those nine months. 799 00:43:33,677 --> 00:43:38,444 So that it's possible to have a kind of mosaic brain. 800 00:43:40,050 --> 00:43:41,881 Different levels of testosterone 801 00:43:42,052 --> 00:43:43,781 at different times in development 802 00:43:43,954 --> 00:43:45,945 might explain apparently contradictory 803 00:43:46,123 --> 00:43:48,819 brain skills in the same person. 804 00:43:51,128 --> 00:43:52,686 So although Paddy's verbal skills 805 00:43:52,863 --> 00:43:55,093 put him firmly in the male camp, 806 00:43:56,066 --> 00:43:58,000 he was as sensitive as most women 807 00:43:58,168 --> 00:44:00,659 when it came to some tests of empathy. 808 00:44:02,439 --> 00:44:06,432 Previously, um, I perceived it as a weakness 809 00:44:06,677 --> 00:44:09,805 but as the days have gone by and going through all the tests, 810 00:44:10,014 --> 00:44:13,472 I'm quite happy that I've got another side to me. 811 00:44:14,618 --> 00:44:16,347 But I was also happy that most of the times 812 00:44:16,520 --> 00:44:20,183 I was standing on the 100 m... 100%% % male brain size. 813 00:44:24,928 --> 00:44:27,294 Time for one last test. 814 00:44:30,067 --> 00:44:32,934 This task is gonna be about changing nappies. 815 00:44:33,203 --> 00:44:35,068 And each one of you lucky ladies 816 00:44:35,239 --> 00:44:38,402 is gonna have to be with this, well crying baby. 817 00:44:40,744 --> 00:44:44,771 On the face of it, simply a question of who's best at child care. 818 00:44:45,783 --> 00:44:48,513 But in fact it has a deeper purpose. 819 00:44:48,686 --> 00:44:50,449 You're a good boy for Auntie Lulu weren't you, 820 00:44:50,621 --> 00:44:54,648 'cos you didn't do any, any, any naughtiness for Lulu. 821 00:44:57,428 --> 00:45:01,455 As we might expect, most of the women do the task well... 822 00:45:07,171 --> 00:45:09,105 There you go you right mate? Howya doing? 823 00:45:10,307 --> 00:45:13,674 While most of the men... struggle. 824 00:45:17,347 --> 00:45:21,306 Let's see how this thing works. Okay. 825 00:45:22,352 --> 00:45:27,051 Oh I got that wrong already. Try again. Okay mate. 826 00:45:28,025 --> 00:45:29,458 This will be interesting. 827 00:45:30,928 --> 00:45:32,589 And you might expect testosterone 828 00:45:32,763 --> 00:45:35,596 fuelled ultra-male-brained Lloyd 829 00:45:35,799 --> 00:45:37,733 to struggle more than most. 830 00:45:40,137 --> 00:45:44,130 I don't think I did a... a particularly good job of connecting with the child. 831 00:45:45,275 --> 00:45:46,333 But there was a task to do, wasn't there, 832 00:45:46,510 --> 00:45:48,501 and I just had to get on with it and do it. 833 00:45:49,580 --> 00:45:51,571 You know I could be changing a tyre on a car. 834 00:45:51,782 --> 00:45:53,249 It's a little bit to one side. 835 00:45:55,052 --> 00:45:55,780 Even me own son, 836 00:45:55,953 --> 00:45:57,682 I found it quite alien to connect with him. 837 00:45:57,855 --> 00:46:00,085 I only made a connection grew older 838 00:46:00,257 --> 00:46:02,020 and the connection got stronger and stronger. 839 00:46:02,192 --> 00:46:05,286 Wasn't instinctive, immediate bond. 840 00:46:05,763 --> 00:46:08,789 It was something that grew very, very gradually with my son... 841 00:46:16,373 --> 00:46:17,397 I don't connect too easily with people. 842 00:46:17,574 --> 00:46:19,337 That's actually making me quite emotional. 843 00:46:19,510 --> 00:46:20,772 I actually wanna cry. 844 00:46:29,853 --> 00:46:32,117 If you like, there's something missing... 845 00:46:41,999 --> 00:46:45,799 Many men find making emotional connections difficult. 846 00:46:47,171 --> 00:46:51,039 Once the women had changed the nappy they picked the baby up. 847 00:46:51,909 --> 00:46:53,069 In stark contrast, 848 00:46:53,243 --> 00:46:56,041 most of the men simply stepped away. 849 00:47:00,617 --> 00:47:02,608 Do you want me to return her? Or... 850 00:47:02,786 --> 00:47:03,810 Everything's fine? 851 00:47:04,121 --> 00:47:10,082 Nappy-changed, baby spoken to, task done. 852 00:47:11,495 --> 00:47:16,023 Good boy. Are you going to be a footballer? 853 00:47:16,533 --> 00:47:19,832 Yet despite Lloyd's fear that he doesn't readily connect, 854 00:47:20,037 --> 00:47:22,232 when it came to the end of the baby test 855 00:47:22,406 --> 00:47:23,998 he surprised everyone. 856 00:47:24,174 --> 00:47:27,075 Ooooh! There's a real, a real connection there. 857 00:47:27,244 --> 00:47:28,541 Yeah. He's enjoying that. 858 00:47:28,712 --> 00:47:32,614 Feels, it looks natural to him, it feels natural. 859 00:47:32,783 --> 00:47:33,772 I could kiss you. 860 00:47:33,951 --> 00:47:37,819 I ooooh, I see, we're talking now aren't we. Eh? 861 00:47:38,288 --> 00:47:41,587 Lloyd is aware that he's not naturally empathic. 862 00:47:42,593 --> 00:47:46,757 So he's made more of an effort, working his brain harder. 863 00:47:47,531 --> 00:47:51,695 The result is that his behaviour is indistinguishable from the women's. 864 00:47:51,869 --> 00:47:54,895 Ooooh yes. Look. 865 00:47:55,606 --> 00:47:57,972 I feel really quite emotional watching that. 866 00:47:58,141 --> 00:48:00,336 That's lovely... 867 00:48:01,712 --> 00:48:03,441 It's almost like he does all these empathic things 868 00:48:03,614 --> 00:48:07,550 but in his mind these things don't add er add-add up to empathy for some reason. 869 00:48:07,818 --> 00:48:08,512 I'm not quite sure what ha... 870 00:48:08,685 --> 00:48:11,051 I'm not quite sure how he would describe these things. 871 00:48:15,659 --> 00:48:17,889 The sex of our brain is not as clear cut 872 00:48:18,061 --> 00:48:19,790 as the sex of our body. 873 00:48:20,330 --> 00:48:22,161 I'm much more feminine than I realised. 874 00:48:23,834 --> 00:48:26,268 While women tend to have female brain sex, 875 00:48:26,436 --> 00:48:28,904 and men usually have male brain sex, 876 00:48:29,072 --> 00:48:31,472 as individuals we are a mosaic, 877 00:48:31,642 --> 00:48:33,303 a unique mixture of both. 878 00:48:33,477 --> 00:48:35,570 As a child-minder looking after kids, 879 00:48:35,746 --> 00:48:38,772 I'd have hoped my empathy score would be a bit better. 880 00:48:41,251 --> 00:48:45,312 Though I have got a hard exterior but it's nice I've got a soft interior. 881 00:48:45,489 --> 00:48:46,547 I can learn a lot from Paddy. 882 00:48:46,723 --> 00:48:49,021 Er P-er and Paddy has-has learned me a lot already. 883 00:48:50,427 --> 00:48:52,657 They're saying that guys have these skills and girls have these, 884 00:48:52,829 --> 00:48:53,921 but I think you'd be more successful 885 00:48:54,097 --> 00:48:56,065 if you were a guy who had all these female skills. 886 00:48:56,233 --> 00:48:56,699 Do you. 887 00:48:56,867 --> 00:48:58,459 'Cos then you'd have something different to offer. 888 00:48:58,702 --> 00:49:03,071 I've perhaps assumed I had more of a male brain than a female brain 889 00:49:03,240 --> 00:49:07,267 but there are things that I have got quite a lot of my female aspects as well 890 00:49:07,444 --> 00:49:10,607 and then totally become a better person for it. 891 00:49:11,181 --> 00:49:15,083 And knowing about our brain-sex and where our strengths and weaknesses lie 892 00:49:15,252 --> 00:49:16,617 has to mean a better understanding 893 00:49:16,787 --> 00:49:19,347 of ourselves and each other. 894 00:49:19,523 --> 00:49:21,388 I-I think it's a two-way street 895 00:49:21,558 --> 00:49:24,459 and actually that we both actually have to take a little bit more time 896 00:49:24,628 --> 00:49:27,859 and effort to understand where the other person is coming from. 897 00:49:30,033 --> 00:49:30,931 Yeah...