0:00:00.369,0:00:03.636 Let's review a little bit of what Napoleon was up to 0:00:03.636,0:00:07.515 going into the war of the Third Coalition, 0:00:07.515,0:00:10.436 which really does establish Napoleon 0:00:10.436,0:00:13.189 as the dominant figure in Europe. 0:00:13.189,0:00:19.453 So in 1799, he takes power. 0:00:19.453,0:00:21.183 First with two other consuls, 0:00:21.183,0:00:23.900 but then he declares himself First Consul. 0:00:23.900,0:00:25.572 So he takes power. 0:00:25.572,0:00:29.702 He becomes First-- let me put that in capital letters-- 0:00:29.702,0:00:35.270 First Consul. 0:00:35.270,0:00:38.572 Then in 1802, actually before I get to 1802. 0:00:38.572,0:00:40.673 Let me say what he did in 1800. 0:00:40.673,0:00:42.705 In 1800, remember when he took power, 0:00:42.705,0:00:44.521 we were still in the war of the Second Coalition. 0:00:44.521,0:00:47.364 We talked about that a little bit. Napoleon..or 0:00:47.364,0:00:50.390 France had lost ground, they had lost a lot of 0:00:50.390,0:00:53.357 what they had gained in the First Coalition in Italy. 0:00:53.357,0:00:55.633 The Austrians had taken it back. 0:00:55.633,0:00:59.568 So Napoleon decides to take charge, cross the Alps. 0:00:59.568,0:01:00.938 This is a picture of him. 0:01:00.938,0:01:04.449 This is Napoleon crossing the Alps. 0:01:04.449,0:01:09.605 Napoleon crossing the Alps 0:01:09.605,0:01:12.503 Leading the troops into the Alps to take back 0:01:12.503,0:01:16.723 what he felt needed to be taken back from Austria. 0:01:16.723,0:01:18.643 And then we learned in the last video that 0:01:18.643,0:01:22.109 that essentially is what ended the First Coalition. 0:01:22.109,0:01:31.747 So in 1800 he takes back or leaves to take back Italy. 0:01:31.747,0:01:39.859 Leaves to take back Italy. 0:01:39.859,0:01:41.373 And when we talk about Italy, 0:01:41.373,0:01:43.122 we're really talking about the Kingdom of Italy, 0:01:43.122,0:01:44.498 which was northern Italy. 0:01:44.498,0:01:46.287 We're not talking about the Kingdom of Naples, 0:01:46.287,0:01:49.286 which was southern Italy. Or the Papal States. 0:01:49.286,0:01:51.986 Actually let me show you that. 0:01:51.986,0:01:53.767 If we go all the way down here. 0:01:53.767,0:01:55.967 You'll see when people talk about the Kingdom of Italy 0:01:55.967,0:01:57.892 in this period of time, they're really talking about 0:01:57.892,0:02:01.300 this region up here, which is really northern Italy. 0:02:01.300,0:02:03.032 The Papal States are right here. 0:02:03.032,0:02:05.044 And you had your Kingdom of Naples down there. 0:02:05.044,0:02:08.713 Compared to modern Europe, the two countries that 0:02:08.713,0:02:10.315 we associate with Europe today that 0:02:10.315,0:02:14.128 really didn't exist in a unified form in the early 1800s 0:02:14.128,0:02:15.979 were Italy and Germany. 0:02:15.979,0:02:17.300 They were really just broken up 0:02:17.300,0:02:19.305 into a bunch of kingdoms. 0:02:19.305,0:02:22.120 And as I mentioned before, Germany at this point, 0:02:22.120,0:02:23.373 that confederation of kingdoms 0:02:23.373,0:02:26.456 was kind of referred to as the Holy Roman Empire 0:02:26.456,0:02:30.234 where the King of Austria was referreed..had the title of 0:02:30.234,0:02:31.772 Holy Roman Emperor. 0:02:31.772,0:02:33.753 But he didn't necessarily...con.. 0:02:33.753,0:02:37.885 he didn't control the Holy Roman Empire 0:02:37.885,0:02:40.758 in a very centralized fashion. 0:02:40.758,0:02:45.090 It was actually controlled by a bunch of smaller kings. 0:02:45.090,0:02:49.084 But anyway, let's go back to Napoleon. 0:02:49.084,0:02:51.623 So that's him crossing the Alps in 1800. 0:02:51.623,0:02:54.117 That ends when he takes it back. 0:02:54.117,0:02:55.360 He defeats Austria. 0:02:55.360,0:02:59.120 That is essentially the end of the Second Coalition. 0:02:59.120,0:03:00.688 We learned that in the last video. 0:03:00.688,0:03:03.604 1801 - You had your Treaty of Luneville. 0:03:03.604,0:03:09.777 End of Second Coalition. 0:03:09.777,0:03:11.606 They don't have a treaty with Great Britain 0:03:11.606,0:03:13.602 until the next year, really just out of attrition. 0:03:13.602,0:03:16.224 But that doesn't matter, it was a very short-lived treaty. 0:03:16.224,0:03:20.229 And then in 1802, 0:03:20.229,0:03:24.332 before we start talking about the Third Coalition, 0:03:24.332,0:03:36.502 Napoleon gets the Constitution of the Year X passed. 0:03:36.502,0:03:37.937 And why do you say year 10? Remember, 0:03:37.937,0:03:40.614 they had this whole revolutionary calendar going. 0:03:40.614,0:03:42.742 So this was.. in the revolutionary calendar 0:03:42.742,0:03:45.876 this was the 10th year of the Revolution. 0:03:45.876,0:03:50.145 But what's really relevant from Napoleon's point of view 0:03:50.145,0:03:52.621 is article one. It says, 0:03:52.621,0:03:55.475 the French people name and the senate proclaims 0:03:55.475,0:04:00.218 Napoleon Bonaparte First Consul for Life. 0:04:00.218,0:04:06.149 First Consul for Life. 0:04:06.149,0:04:08.561 So, if you want to view this is kind of 0:04:08.561,0:04:14.330 legally giving Napoleon almost a king-like status, 0:04:14.330,0:04:17.060 in terms of him being...you know.. 0:04:17.060,0:04:18.757 it writes it in words that 0:04:18.757,0:04:22.260 he will rule France for the rest of his life. 0:04:22.260,0:04:24.066 Then we get to 1803. 0:04:24.066,0:04:25.263 And actually, before I get to 1803, 0:04:25.263,0:04:26.927 remember what's happening at the same time here. 0:04:26.927,0:04:31.793 You had your Revolution in Haiti, 0:04:31.793,0:04:37.927 Revolution in Haiti 0:04:37.927,0:04:39.995 which, if you remember from those videos, 0:04:39.995,0:04:41.229 Haiti was 0:04:41.229,0:04:44.811 the most profitable slave colony in the world. 0:04:44.811,0:04:48.062 Once the slaves revolted, got their freedom, 0:04:48.062,0:04:52.260 all of a sudden not as profitable to France 0:04:52.260,0:04:53.396 as it was before. 0:04:53.396,0:04:55.290 And remember, the whole French Revolution started off 0:04:55.290,0:04:57.462 because France was broke. 0:04:57.462,0:04:59.663 So Napoleon tries to reinstate slavery. 0:04:59.663,0:05:01.813 That essentially backfires on him. 0:05:01.813,0:05:04.336 Dessalines catches wind of it, 0:05:04.336,0:05:07.979 him and the other revolutionaries, so they essentially 0:05:07.979,0:05:12.233 start antagonizing Leclerc even more. 0:05:12.233,0:05:16.060 Leclerc and the French occupiers 0:05:16.060,0:05:18.335 get ravaged by yellow fever. 0:05:18.335,0:05:20.942 And Dessalines is a very aggressive general. 0:05:20.942,0:05:22.665 So he starts losing Haiti. 0:05:22.665,0:05:24.194 You have Rochambeau, 0:05:24.194,0:05:26.225 if you remember from those videos, he's a, you know 0:05:26.225,0:05:29.534 this hugely brutal figure who takes over after Leclerc. 0:05:29.534,0:05:30.954 But we have this revolution in Haiti. 0:05:30.954,0:05:31.953 And you can kind of say 0:05:31.953,0:05:35.004 they're starting to lose Haiti. 0:05:35.004,0:05:38.010 Lose Haiti 0:05:38.010,0:05:41.409 And at the same time, and this is 1802, 0:05:41.409,0:05:45.366 and as we're entering into 1803, 0:05:45.366,0:05:48.011 Napoleon began to realize that 0:05:48.011,0:05:52.264 Great Britain controls the seas. 0:05:52.264,0:06:02.684 Great Britain - Dominant Navy. 0:06:02.684,0:06:04.233 And because they're losing Haiti, 0:06:04.233,0:06:06.182 which is really their main profit center, 0:06:06.182,0:06:08.367 and Great Britain is dominant, 0:06:08.367,0:06:12.100 Napoleon essentially gives up on North America. 0:06:12.100,0:06:23.302 Napoleon...so Napoleon gives up North America. 0:06:23.302,0:06:25.365 So outside of Haiti, which was 0:06:25.365,0:06:27.896 this major profit center for the French Empire, 0:06:27.896,0:06:30.260 they also had the territory of Louisiana, 0:06:30.260,0:06:32.698 which is essentially the middle 1/3 of 0:06:32.698,0:06:35.517 what we now consider to be the United States. 0:06:35.517,0:06:37.313 And Napoleon figures out, gee, you know 0:06:37.313,0:06:39.176 Great Britain has a dominant navy. 0:06:39.176,0:06:41.274 I'm giving up on Haiti, 0:06:41.274,0:06:44.598 I'm probably going to lose it anyway to Dessalines. 0:06:44.598,0:06:46.768 Let me just give up on the entire continent. 0:06:46.768,0:06:50.513 If I don't sell Louisiana, either Great Britain or 0:06:50.513,0:06:54.164 the United States will probably be in a good position 0:06:54.164,0:06:55.891 to take it from me. 0:06:55.891,0:07:06.452 So he decides to sell...he sells Louisiana. 0:07:06.452,0:07:08.897 So just as someone, or as an American, 0:07:08.897,0:07:12.164 and especially an American who was born in Louisiana, 0:07:12.164,0:07:13.366 it's fascinating 0:07:13.366,0:07:15.564 the chain of events that led up to this. 0:07:15.564,0:07:16.544 Because when you learn it 0:07:16.544,0:07:17.635 from an American history point of view, 0:07:17.635,0:07:18.964 you just say hey Thomas Jefferson, 0:07:18.964,0:07:21.300 he was able to get Louisiana for $15 million. 0:07:21.300,0:07:24.117 Why would someone sell, all of a sudden, 0:07:24.117,0:07:25.454 this huge amount of territory? 0:07:25.454,0:07:28.299 And the reason is because Napoleon figured 0:07:28.299,0:07:29.944 he was going to lose it no matter what. 0:07:29.944,0:07:31.964 Great Britain had this dominant navy. 0:07:31.964,0:07:33.300 And at the same time, 0:07:33.300,0:07:35.718 he had nothing else to protect in the area. 0:07:35.718,0:07:39.033 The other major valuable asset there was Haiti. 0:07:39.033,0:07:42.448 So a combination of Great Britain having this navy and 0:07:42.448,0:07:46.119 of the slave revolt in Haiti ends up with 0:07:46.119,0:07:48.304 the United States being able to acquire 0:07:48.304,0:07:52.355 what's now the middle 1/3 of the continent. 0:07:52.355,0:07:54.589 You can kind of wonder, gee, if they never did that, 0:07:54.589,0:07:56.432 would they have ever, er, gone on to 0:07:56.432,0:07:59.479 capture the entire west coast? 0:07:59.479,0:08:01.823 So these small little things in history. 0:08:01.823,0:08:03.898 And I wouldn't necessarily call these little things, 0:08:03.898,0:08:05.308 but they lead to 0:08:05.308,0:08:09.106 very tremendous changes in our modern world. 0:08:09.106,0:08:10.058 But anyway, enough about that. 0:08:10.058,0:08:12.311 So he sells Louisiana. 0:08:12.311,0:08:14.452 Great Britain has a dominant navy. 0:08:14.452,0:08:15.206 At first, 0:08:15.206,0:08:19.976 Napoleon was thinking he was amassing troops up here, 0:08:19.976,0:08:22.736 he was thinking about an invasion of Great Britain. 0:08:22.736,0:08:24.476 But more and more it dawns on him that 0:08:24.476,0:08:25.766 Great Britain has a dominant navy. 0:08:25.766,0:08:27.309 Great Britain, I think, 0:08:27.309,0:08:28.911 starts to feel a little self-confident. 0:08:28.911,0:08:31.388 And they don't like all of the gains that 0:08:31.388,0:08:34.168 Napoleon has gotten in the last two wars. 0:08:34.168,0:08:38.898 So, Great Britain declares war in 1803, 0:08:38.898,0:08:45.005 in 1803, in May 1803 - 0:08:45.005,0:08:46.544 Great Britain.. or I could say 0:08:46.544,0:08:48.310 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, 0:08:48.310,0:08:50.306 the same thing. 0:08:50.306,0:08:54.307 U.K. declares war. 0:08:54.307,0:08:55.634 And you could view this 0:08:55.634,0:08:58.166 as the beginning of the war of the Third Coalition. 0:08:58.166,0:08:59.385 But it's not a coalition yet. 0:08:59.385,0:09:02.636 It's just the United Kingdom. Or it's just Great Britain. 0:09:02.636,0:09:06.101 And it really gets heated in 1805. 0:09:06.101,0:09:10.286 In 1805, everyone else jumps in. 0:09:10.286,0:09:12.977 And now we're talking about a real coalition. 0:09:12.977,0:09:26.421 Now Great Britain is joined by Austria and Russia. 0:09:26.421,0:09:27.517 And you know Austria, all the time 0:09:27.517,0:09:28.831 in every one of these coalitions, 0:09:28.831,0:09:32.624 they lose territory to France and especially Napoleon. 0:09:32.624,0:09:33.956 They just want to get revenge. 0:09:33.956,0:09:35.712 United Kingdom kind of senses that 0:09:35.712,0:09:37.757 they control the water, they want to get revenge. 0:09:37.757,0:09:40.355 Russia doesn't like this upstart Napoleon. 0:09:40.355,0:09:42.782 And so they all jump in. 0:09:42.782,0:09:45.991 And so there's two interesting angles 0:09:45.991,0:09:47.748 of the War of the Third Coalition. 0:09:47.748,0:09:49.946 Let me write this right here. 0:09:49.946,0:09:52.503 This is the Third Coalition. 0:09:52.503,0:09:53.541 And there were other people who jumped in, 0:09:53.541,0:09:55.825 but these were the major powers. 0:09:55.825,0:10:02.170 So this right here is the Third Coalition. 0:10:02.170,0:10:03.910 So the first thing that happens, 0:10:03.910,0:10:07.439 or really the two almost happen simultaneously. 0:10:07.439,0:10:16.435 In October of 1805, the French navy gets destroyed 0:10:16.435,0:10:18.441 by the British in the Battle of Trafalgar. 0:10:18.441,0:10:21.638 This is Trafalgar, it's actually written here. 0:10:21.638,0:10:23.729 Trafalgar 0:10:23.729,0:10:27.386 And they get destroyed by Napoleon's good old friend, 0:10:27.386,0:10:31.638 Admiral Horatio Nelson. 0:10:31.638,0:10:34.617 So this guy was definitely a thorn in Napoleon's side. 0:10:34.617,0:10:37.663 Horatio Nelson 0:10:37.663,0:10:43.450 He destroyed Napoleon's ships in the Battle of the Nile 0:10:43.450,0:10:45.870 that stranded their troops in Egypt. 0:10:45.870,0:10:48.860 And now he comes and essentially destroys the 0:10:48.860,0:10:52.182 French navy at the Battle of Trafalgar. 0:10:52.182,0:10:54.570 And this is an image of it. 0:10:54.570,0:10:58.455 And I guess the only redeeming fact 0:10:58.455,0:11:00.867 of this battle for Napoleon was that 0:11:00.867,0:11:02.258 near the end of the battle, 0:11:02.258,0:11:06.566 Horatio Nelson actually gets stricken by a bullet 0:11:06.566,0:11:14.361 and he dies at Trafalgar. 0:11:14.361,0:11:17.242 So this really establishes.. you know the Royal Navy, 0:11:17.242,0:11:19.901 the British navy was already dominant, 0:11:19.901,0:11:22.041 destroying the French navy, 0:11:22.041,0:11:23.263 which was the only navy that 0:11:23.263,0:11:26.103 could in some way compete on any level. 0:11:26.103,0:11:27.974 Destroying them at Trafalgar really 0:11:27.974,0:11:31.016 established British domination of the seas. 0:11:31.016,0:11:34.119 This is actually an image of the Battle of Trafalgar. 0:11:34.119,0:11:36.932 This is the battle right there. 0:11:36.932,0:11:38.575 A bunch of ships just shooting at each other, 0:11:38.575,0:11:39.849 you can't really make out what's happening. 0:11:39.849,0:11:45.375 And just to connect that to modern day Great Britain, 0:11:45.375,0:11:47.034 or the modern day London, 0:11:47.034,0:11:49.171 this right here is an image of Trafalgar Square. 0:11:49.171,0:11:51.582 It is named after the Battle of Trafalgar, 0:11:51.582,0:11:54.614 which established Britain is dominant in the seas. 0:11:54.614,0:11:57.645 That is Trafalgar Square in London. 0:11:57.645,0:12:00.781 Trafalgar Square 0:12:00.781,0:12:03.778 And if you go there, you will see Nelson's column. 0:12:03.778,0:12:06.891 This is Nelson's column right there, 0:12:06.891,0:12:10.555 named after Horatio Nelson. Nelson's column. 0:12:10.555,0:12:13.169 And at the very top of it, there's a little figure, 0:12:13.169,0:12:14.128 or it's probably pretty large, 0:12:14.128,0:12:16.729 but little relative to the column, 0:12:16.729,0:12:18.698 of Horatio Nelson himself. 0:12:18.698,0:12:20.461 So that was a bit of an aside, 0:12:20.461,0:12:23.771 but this occurred during the war of the Third Coalition. 0:12:23.771,0:12:26.986 So Napoleon's navy is destroyed. 0:12:26.986,0:12:27.937 But he doesn't give up. 0:12:27.937,0:12:29.134 He's just like, OK, oh well, 0:12:29.134,0:12:30.824 I can't do much beyond you, 0:12:30.824,0:12:33.629 but in Europe I can still do a lot of damage. 0:12:33.629,0:12:37.538 So what he does is he takes his troops that.. 0:12:37.538,0:12:40.268 He had given up on actually attacking Britain by sea. 0:12:40.268,0:12:42.048 He realized that he could never realistically do that. 0:12:42.048,0:12:44.635 Let me show you the troop movements that 0:12:44.635,0:12:46.716 were going on at this time. 0:12:46.716,0:12:48.512 So he had troops here that 0:12:48.512,0:12:51.304 he had given up on actually attacking Great Britain. 0:12:51.304,0:12:55.890 And what he does is he meets the Austrians. 0:12:55.890,0:12:58.553 So the Austrians are amassing their troops here. 0:12:58.553,0:13:00.751 They actually thought that there was a possibility that 0:13:00.751,0:13:02.084 the main campaign would go in Italy. 0:13:02.084,0:13:04.640 So they actually focused most of their troops there, 0:13:04.640,0:13:06.639 that we'll see as a major mistake. 0:13:06.639,0:13:09.433 But they have troops in what we can kind of view as 0:13:09.433,0:13:11.556 southern...what is now southern Germany 0:13:11.556,0:13:13.088 near the Black Forest. 0:13:13.088,0:13:16.057 And then they also amassed some troops near Italy. 0:13:16.057,0:13:18.305 And then the Russians were coming up behind. 0:13:18.305,0:13:19.497 They weren't able to meet. 0:13:19.497,0:13:21.353 And we're dealing with the fall, 0:13:21.353,0:13:24.837 this is now September, October of 1805. 0:13:24.837,0:13:26.350 And the Russians were back here 0:13:26.350,0:13:28.707 trying to bring their troops 0:13:28.707,0:13:32.175 to assist the Austrians in meeting Napoleon. 0:13:32.175,0:13:34.692 And what Napoleon does, you know, all of these, 0:13:34.692,0:13:37.579 it's always unclear on how much of it was 0:13:37.579,0:13:40.652 tactical genius versus pure luck. 0:13:40.652,0:13:42.057 Because they didn't have satellites, 0:13:42.057,0:13:43.311 they didn't know where the other troops were. 0:13:43.311,0:13:45.155 They didn't necessarily know exactly what's happening 0:13:45.155,0:13:48.358 on a minute-by-minute basis, like armies do today. 0:13:48.358,0:13:52.095 But what happened, it's...er.. I guess...tremendous.. 0:13:52.095,0:13:55.695 it's one of the pivotal battles in European history, 0:13:55.695,0:14:00.287 is that Napoleon meets the Austrians at Ulm. 0:14:00.287,0:14:03.972 Let me draw it on this map right here. At Ulm. 0:14:03.972,0:14:06.279 So on this map they just do a very general-- 0:14:06.279,0:14:09.435 This is Napoleon meeting the Austrians 0:14:09.435,0:14:10.812 right here at Ulm. 0:14:10.812,0:14:12.248 There's actually a whole campaign of Uim, 0:14:12.248,0:14:13.299 several battles. 0:14:13.299,0:14:15.413 But it was a decisive victory at Ulm. 0:14:15.413,0:14:18.975 And the crux of that victory was that 0:14:18.975,0:14:23.596 Napoleon was able to fool the Austrians. 0:14:23.596,0:14:26.339 So this is a zoomed-in version 0:14:26.339,0:14:27.731 of what was going on here. 0:14:27.731,0:14:28.749 This is France. 0:14:28.749,0:14:33.588 This is the Black Forest. This is Austria right there. 0:14:33.588,0:14:37.813 Blue is Napoleon troops, red are the Austrian troops. 0:14:37.813,0:14:40.908 And you saw, Austria had amassed most of their troops 0:14:40.908,0:14:42.179 on the Italian front. 0:14:42.179,0:14:46.350 So here in Black Forest, you have your Austrian troops. 0:14:46.350,0:14:49.236 What Napoleon did is he had General Murat 0:14:49.236,0:14:53.115 make it look like the main force of the French 0:14:53.115,0:14:56.148 were coming straight from the West. 0:14:56.148,0:14:57.844 And they did that by having cavalry 0:14:57.844,0:15:01.513 essentially giving the appearance of a major force 0:15:01.513,0:15:03.290 coming in from here. So they came.. 0:15:03.290,0:15:06.731 So the Austrians were thinking, OK, this is the direction 0:15:06.731,0:15:11.981 that we're going to face our main antagonism from. 0:15:11.981,0:15:14.725 But at the same time, the bulk of the Napoleon's army-- 0:15:14.725,0:15:16.481 remember he doesn't see exactly 0:15:16.481,0:15:17.359 how many people are here, 0:15:17.359,0:15:19.731 they just made it look like this is the bulk of the army. 0:15:19.731,0:15:22.582 But the bulk of the army actually did 0:15:22.582,0:15:24.892 what they call a wheeling manoeuvre, 0:15:24.892,0:15:29.653 where they went around the Austrian army. 0:15:29.653,0:15:31.698 And they were able to do it much faster 0:15:31.698,0:15:34.481 and in a much more nimble way than 0:15:34.481,0:15:35.428 anyone would have predicted, 0:15:35.428,0:15:37.457 because they essentially didn't have to 0:15:37.457,0:15:38.691 carry as many supplies. 0:15:38.691,0:15:40.933 They were doing this during the harvest season. 0:15:40.933,0:15:42.282 And this was by design. 0:15:42.282,0:15:44.481 If you capture enemy territory 0:15:44.481,0:15:47.816 during the harvest season, and these are things that 0:15:47.816,0:15:48.914 you usually don't think about 0:15:48.914,0:15:50.640 when you learn about military battles. 0:15:50.640,0:15:53.511 But you've got troops, you've got to feed the troops. 0:15:53.511,0:15:57.486 If they can't capture food from the land, 0:15:57.486,0:15:59.815 then you've got to carry supplies with you. 0:15:59.815,0:16:02.082 And supplies are heavy it slows down your army. 0:16:02.082,0:16:04.500 But if you do the attack during the harvest season, 0:16:04.500,0:16:06.101 you don't have to carry food. 0:16:06.101,0:16:12.034 You don't carry as much food. 0:16:12.034,0:16:14.769 You can just take it from the farmers that you pass by. 0:16:14.769,0:16:16.595 They're harvesting food as you pass by, 0:16:16.595,0:16:19.318 you just take it, you can be fast and nimble. 0:16:19.318,0:16:21.922 And he essentially went around the army 0:16:21.922,0:16:24.818 and was able to attack the Austrians from this direction. 0:16:24.818,0:16:27.902 And then essentially destroy them. 0:16:27.902,0:16:29.766 And this is why I hinted in the last video that 0:16:29.766,0:16:32.502 Napoleon starts to view himself as invincible. 0:16:32.502,0:16:35.479 And this was before the Russians could come 0:16:35.479,0:16:38.318 to actually reinforce the Austrians. 0:16:38.318,0:16:40.782 So they did it-- by being able to do it so quickly, 0:16:40.782,0:16:43.840 they were able to just only tackle the Austrians. 0:16:43.840,0:16:47.689 So it was a decisive victory at Ulm. 0:16:47.689,0:16:50.423 Let me go to the painting right there. 0:16:50.423,0:16:52.955 This is a painting of the surrender at Ulm. 0:16:52.955,0:16:57.264 The surrender at Ulm 0:16:57.264,0:17:00.455 And then the combined Russian and Austrian forces, 0:17:00.455,0:17:04.759 they essentially, you can kind of view they regrouped, 0:17:04.759,0:17:09.727 but they re-met Napoleon's forces after Ulm. 0:17:09.727,0:17:14.789 In another several weeks, at Austerlitz. 0:17:14.789,0:17:18.350 And once again, Napoleon just routed them. 0:17:18.350,0:17:19.486 And there's always a debate. 0:17:19.486,0:17:21.755 Some of it might have been tactical genius, 0:17:21.755,0:17:24.750 some of it might have been pure luck. 0:17:24.750,0:17:26.909 But after routing them at Austerlitz-- 0:17:26.909,0:17:31.218 so this is Austerlitz -- 0:17:31.218,0:17:36.693 and taking so much I guess both in terms of 0:17:36.693,0:17:40.907 casualties and prisoners from the enemy 0:17:40.907,0:17:42.745 without incurring so much themselves, 0:17:42.745,0:17:45.739 this really was the high point in terms of 0:17:45.739,0:17:48.363 a battle for Napoleon. This was a high point. 0:17:48.363,0:17:51.614 Austerlitz is what really convinced Napoleon that 0:17:51.614,0:17:53.823 he is truly, truly a military genius. 0:17:53.823,0:17:54.957 And that's not saying that he's not. 0:17:54.957,0:17:58.495 But it was such a route that he started to imagine that 0:17:58.495,0:18:00.758 he's on some level invincible. 0:18:00.758,0:18:03.305 And so the outcome, this essentially ends 0:18:03.305,0:18:05.925 the war of the Third Coalition. 0:18:05.925,0:18:11.646 Ends 3rd Coalition 0:18:11.646,0:18:12.862 And with that ending, 0:18:12.862,0:18:16.584 Austria had to give its territory that 0:18:16.584,0:18:17.685 it had gotten in Italy. 0:18:17.685,0:18:23.821 So Austria had to cede the territory that it had in Italy, 0:18:23.821,0:18:27.253 some of the territory that it had in Bavaria. 0:18:27.253,0:18:30.056 And from, I guess just a general point of view, 0:18:30.056,0:18:31.389 this was historically significant. 0:18:31.389,0:18:33.190 Because until this point in time, 0:18:33.190,0:18:36.485 this whole area was called the Holy Roman Empire,[br] 0:18:36.485,0:18:39.364 with the King of Austria calling himself 0:18:39.364,0:18:41.248 the Holy Roman Emperor. 0:18:41.248,0:18:42.758 Even though he didn't have direct control 0:18:42.758,0:18:48.219 over all of these Germanic regions. After..this is... 0:18:48.219,0:18:49.389 Let me go back up here. 0:18:49.389,0:18:52.370 This is in 1805, 0:18:52.370,0:18:53.906 or we can even say we're entering 1806, 0:18:53.906,0:18:58.454 but in late 1805, with the end of the Third Coalition, 0:18:58.454,0:19:01.359 now the Austrian King no longer 0:19:01.359,0:19:02.816 calls himself the Holy Roman Emperor. 0:19:02.816,0:19:04.085 He gives up the title. 0:19:04.085,0:19:11.167 And this region right here is no longer called 0:19:11.167,0:19:12.829 the Holy Roman Empire. 0:19:12.829,0:19:15.979 It is called the Confederation of the Rhine. 0:19:15.979,0:19:23.580 Confederation of the Rhine 0:19:23.580,0:19:27.259 And it's essentially under the protection of Napoleon. 0:19:27.259,0:19:28.339 And this is the first time-- 0:19:28.339,0:19:30.229 we're starting to get to a point, 0:19:30.229,0:19:34.902 Germany won't be unified for another 60 or 70 years. 0:19:34.902,0:19:36.019 But we're starting to get to the point that 0:19:36.019,0:19:38.753 the German nation is escaping from 0:19:38.753,0:19:40.616 the bounds of being the Holy Roman Empire. 0:19:40.616,0:19:43.882 And so it's getting in that direction. 0:19:43.882,0:19:46.872 So the Holy Roman Empire is gone. 0:19:46.872,0:19:51.509 France gets significant territory 0:19:51.509,0:19:53.885 from Austria, once again. 0:19:53.885,0:19:57.018 Russia on some level is just humbled a little bit. 0:19:57.018,0:20:00.682 And then we end in 1806, or at the end of 1805, 0:20:00.682,0:20:04.860 with France Dominant. 0:20:04.860,0:20:06.954 And while all of that was happening, 0:20:06.954,0:20:08.015 it was really in 1804 0:20:08.015,0:20:09.755 when France was only at war with Great Britain. 0:20:09.755,0:20:11.690 The whole alliance hadn't formed yet. 0:20:11.690,0:20:14.082 It 1804, in December-- 0:20:14.082,0:20:18.219 and this is relevant that it's a peek into his ego. 0:20:18.219,0:20:22.778 So this is the year before Austerlitz. 0:20:22.778,0:20:27.350 In 1804, Napoleon declares himself, 0:20:27.350,0:20:29.766 or he crowns himself Emperor. 0:20:29.766,0:20:39.395 Napoleon crowns himself Emperor. 0:20:39.395,0:20:41.623 And this is a picture of him as Emperor. 0:20:41.623,0:20:43.201 And after this point, instead of being called 0:20:43.201,0:20:49.558 Napoleon Bonaparte, he is called Napoleon I. 0:20:49.558,0:20:51.594 And the idea of crowning yourself Emperor, 0:20:51.594,0:20:52.682 you might say, what's the point? 0:20:52.682,0:20:54.078 You already were Consul for life, 0:20:54.078,0:20:55.176 you have power for your whole life. 0:20:55.176,0:20:58.793 But other than you get this neat title emperor, 0:20:58.793,0:21:00.937 which probably feeds your ego quite well, 0:21:00.937,0:21:04.926 but beyond that, this essentially establishes a dynasty. 0:21:04.926,0:21:07.633 It now says, I'm not just a First Consul, 0:21:07.633,0:21:09.569 I am the emperor. 0:21:09.569,0:21:10.589 I'm Napoleon I. 0:21:10.589,0:21:14.741 And it implies that his descendants will continue to 0:21:14.741,0:21:17.573 reign over the French Empire. 0:21:17.573,0:21:18.903 So on some level, he kind of 0:21:18.903,0:21:21.247 destroys the notion of a republic. 0:21:21.247,0:21:23.377 So we're ending the Third Coalition 0:21:23.377,0:21:26.595 the Third Coalition with France dominant 0:21:26.595,0:21:29.364 France is dominant in Europe. 0:21:29.364,0:21:33.618 It has gotten all of this territory mainly from Austria. 0:21:33.618,0:21:37.356 The Holy Roman Empire no longer exists. 0:21:37.356,0:21:40.226 It's now the Confederation of the Rhine. 0:21:40.226,0:21:43.898 Napoleon, after Austerlitz, thinks that he is invincible. 0:21:43.898,0:21:47.917 And he also is now Emperor. So he has all of his, 0:21:47.917,0:21:51.917 you know, his visions of grandeur coming true.