1 00:00:00,031 --> 00:00:02,635 A 18-ik században komoly kapcsolat 2 00:00:02,635 --> 00:00:04,893 alakult ki az angolok és indiaiak között, 3 00:00:04,893 --> 00:00:06,033 főként 4 00:00:06,033 --> 00:00:08,783 A Brit Kelet-indiai Társaságnál. 5 00:00:08,783 --> 00:00:09,616 Ennek részeként 6 00:00:09,616 --> 00:00:11,381 a nyugati nyelvészek foglalkozni 7 00:00:11,381 --> 00:00:14,597 kezdtek a szanszkrit és véda nyelvekkel. 8 00:00:14,597 --> 00:00:16,389 Mindeközben 9 00:00:16,389 --> 00:00:18,280 egyre inkább tanulmányozták 10 00:00:18,280 --> 00:00:20,735 nemcsak a szanszkrit, de 11 00:00:20,735 --> 00:00:23,685 számos nyugati nyelv, köztük az angol 12 00:00:23,685 --> 00:00:25,779 gyökereit is. 13 00:00:25,779 --> 00:00:28,822 Sir William Jones angol nyelvész 14 00:00:28,822 --> 00:00:30,647 az írott, és főleg történelmi 15 00:00:30,647 --> 00:00:32,331 forrásokból származó írásokat 16 00:00:32,331 --> 00:00:33,773 vizsgálta, és tőle származik 17 00:00:33,773 --> 00:00:35,287 ez az idézet 1786-ból. 18 00:00:35,287 --> 00:00:38,015 Azt írta: "A szanszkrit nyelv nagyon régi 19 00:00:38,015 --> 00:00:40,035 ugyan, de szerkezete 20 00:00:40,035 --> 00:00:41,450 csodálatos." 21 00:00:41,450 --> 00:00:42,539 Jobb, mint a görögé, 22 00:00:42,539 --> 00:00:44,070 gazdagabb a latinénál, 23 00:00:44,070 --> 00:00:46,746 és mindkettőénél finomabb, 24 00:00:46,746 --> 00:00:50,368 ám rokonságot is mutat velük, 25 00:00:50,368 --> 00:00:51,849 főleg az igék gyökereinél, 26 00:00:51,849 --> 00:00:52,781 és a nyelvtanban. 27 00:00:52,781 --> 00:00:56,462 Ez nem lehet véletlen..." 28 00:00:56,462 --> 00:00:57,831 Ezt most hangsúlyoznom kell. 29 00:00:57,831 --> 00:01:00,632 "Ez nem lehet véletlen." 30 00:01:00,632 --> 00:01:02,418 Azt mondja tehát, hogy sok a közös 31 00:01:02,418 --> 00:01:04,520 a szanszkritban, a latinban és görögben, 32 00:01:04,520 --> 00:01:06,251 tehát erős a rokonság és 33 00:01:06,251 --> 00:01:07,239 a kapcsolat, ami 34 00:01:07,239 --> 00:01:09,522 nem lehet véletlen. 35 00:01:09,522 --> 00:01:10,454 Annyira erős, 36 00:01:10,454 --> 00:01:13,378 hogy egy nyelvész sem vizsgálhatja mind a 37 00:01:13,378 --> 00:01:15,476 hármat úgy, hogy nem gondolja, ugyanarról 38 00:01:15,476 --> 00:01:17,497 tőről származnak. 39 00:01:17,497 --> 00:01:18,868 Ezt itt alá kell húznom. 40 00:01:18,868 --> 00:01:20,647 "Ha nem hisszük, hogy ugyanarról a 41 00:01:20,647 --> 00:01:22,616 közös tőről származnak, amely talán már 42 00:01:22,616 --> 00:01:24,355 nem is létezik, 43 00:01:24,355 --> 00:01:27,954 akkor hasonló, bár kevésbé erős okok miatt 44 00:01:27,954 --> 00:01:31,282 azt is feltételezhetjük, hogy mind a gót, mind a kelta, 45 00:01:31,282 --> 00:01:33,648 noha más nyelvekkel keveredtek, 46 00:01:33,648 --> 00:01:35,882 a szanszkrittal azonos tőről származik; 47 00:01:35,882 --> 00:01:37,625 és az ősi perzsa is bekerült ide. 48 00:01:37,625 --> 00:01:39,369 A Védák és a szanszkrit 49 00:01:39,369 --> 00:01:41,774 vizsgálatakor felismerték, 50 00:01:41,774 --> 00:01:42,607 hogy a nyelvek 51 00:01:42,607 --> 00:01:43,647 kapcsolódhatnak. 52 00:01:43,647 --> 00:01:46,159 Több vizsgálat után ezt napjaink 53 00:01:46,159 --> 00:01:48,377 nyelvészei is így látják. 54 00:01:48,377 --> 00:01:51,779 A kapcsolatok, a nyelvtan, a szókincs és a 55 00:01:51,779 --> 00:01:54,042 szószerkezet alapján most úgy vélik, 56 00:01:54,042 --> 00:01:56,807 hogy a szanszkrit, a latin, a germán és a 57 00:01:56,807 --> 00:02:00,334 kelta nyelvek egyeazon közös tőről 58 00:02:00,334 --> 00:02:02,626 eredhetnek, 59 00:02:02,626 --> 00:02:04,801 mely ősi nyelvet 60 00:02:04,801 --> 00:02:06,165 most úgy hívnak, 61 00:02:06,165 --> 00:02:08,925 hogy proto-indoerurópai, és már kihalt. 62 00:02:08,925 --> 00:02:10,848 Úgy véljük, hogy erre a 63 00:02:10,848 --> 00:02:14,236 proto-indoeurópai nyelvre a szanszkrit 64 00:02:14,236 --> 00:02:17,026 az egyik legrégibb bizonyíték. 65 00:02:17,026 --> 00:02:20,109 66 00:02:21,343 --> 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