[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:02.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[The interpretation\Nprovided for this presentation
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.89,0:00:04.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is live and unrehearsed.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.86,0:00:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Interpreter(s) assigned may or may not
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.00,0:00:09.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have had materials\Nin advance for preparation.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.94,0:00:12.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Inaccuracies related\Nto the content of the material
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.65,0:00:16.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,may be due to imperfections\Nin the interpreting process.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.36,0:00:19.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This interpretation has not\Nbeen reviewed by the presenter.]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.05,0:00:42.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm thrilled to be here at Gallaudet,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.81,0:00:44.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to come back to my alma mater.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.25,0:00:46.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have my masters in linguistics.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.23,0:00:48.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I graduated from here,\Nand then my Ph.D. in psychology,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.98,0:00:50.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it's nice to be back home.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.38,0:00:53.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Effect of Audism and Linguisticism\Non the Developing Deaf Person]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.54,0:00:58.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As has already been explained,\NI work in RIT at the Deaf Studies Lab.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.55,0:01:00.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can see my team here on the slide.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.80,0:01:04.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Audism - "being Deaf is bad"\NDr. Tom Humphries]
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.29,0:01:10.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many of you may have\Nheard of the term "audism."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.86,0:01:11.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not a new term,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.88,0:01:16.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was coined in 1977\Nby Dr. Tom Humphries.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.15,0:01:19.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He wrote about that term\Nin his Ph.D. dissertation.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.46,0:01:23.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And by audism he meant some attitude\Nwhich was prejudiced against people
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.92,0:01:25.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,according to their hearing status.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.90,0:01:30.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So some idea that deaf people were broken,\Nneeded to be fixed, or were inferior.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.95,0:01:33.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that if you wanted\Nto be happy in this world,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.24,0:01:35.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you really needed to be hearing.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.08,0:01:40.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Linguisticism - "teaching Deaf children\NASL is bad" - Dr. MJ Bienvenu]
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.13,0:01:47.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Linguisticism is related to audism,\Nand the first time I heard that term
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.40,0:01:51.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was when Dr. MJ Bienvenu\Nwas presenting at RIT -
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.79,0:01:54.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she was a keynote speaker\Nat one of our conferences -
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.28,0:01:56.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she mentioned linguisticism.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.60,0:01:59.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that struck a chord with me,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.42,0:02:02.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's about some prejudice\Nagainst language,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.44,0:02:05.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,believing that one language\Nis inferior to another.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.93,0:02:09.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many people do not believe, for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.04,0:02:12.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that ASL is the equivalent\Nor has the same status
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.28,0:02:16.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or is able to express the same things\Nas English, for example.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.29,0:02:20.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are many studies which have been\Ncarried out in this field,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.37,0:02:23.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I want to talk about one study today\Nwhich really looks specifically
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.93,0:02:26.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the notions\Nof audism and linguisticism.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.79,0:02:29.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I want to talk\Nabout the notion of resilience -
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.26,0:02:30.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,psychological resilience.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.98,0:02:32.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do I mean by that?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.15,0:02:35.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[- stress, - conflicts, - disagreements,\N- bad experiences, - adversities
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.60,0:02:37.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,resilience (arrow up; person)]
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.12,0:02:42.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, all people experience stress,\Ndisagreements, adversities.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.70,0:02:44.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the nature of life.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.15,0:02:45.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you don't have much resilience,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.81,0:02:50.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have a weak resilience,\Nthen let's see what happens.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.18,0:02:53.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[- stress, - conflicts, - disagreements,\N- bad experiences, - adversities
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.61,0:02:54.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,weak (arrow down, person)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.87,0:02:56.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(arrow from adversities to heart)]
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.51,0:02:57.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It really knocks you back,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.77,0:03:00.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's hard to get back on your feet\Nand really bounce back
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.65,0:03:02.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and get on with your daily life.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.19,0:03:03.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's very problematic.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.27,0:03:05.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, if you have\Nsome strong sense of resilience,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.74,0:03:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what does that look like?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.00,0:03:09.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Strong (arrow down),\Nresilience (arrow up)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.04,0:03:10.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(arrows bounce back)]
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.60,0:03:14.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, it still knocks you back,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.05,0:03:17.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's just that you have the wherewithal\Nto get back on your own two feet
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.44,0:03:19.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and carry on living your everyday life.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.46,0:03:21.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So resilience is\Nthat power to bounce back.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.81,0:03:24.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's very important\Nfor school, for universities,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.85,0:03:28.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for success in life and mental well being.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.01,0:03:31.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there are two other important terms\NI really want to talk about now.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.48,0:03:35.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Protective Factors - Stronger\N(arrow down, arrows right and left)]
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.12,0:03:38.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Risk Factors - Weaker (arrow down,\Narrows in from right and left)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.66,0:03:41.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Protective Factors\NRisk Factors]
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.05,0:03:42.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In terms of resilience,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.25,0:03:46.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thinking about protective factors\Nand risk factors.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.78,0:03:52.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Protective factors are those things\Nthat help us develop a strong resilience.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.08,0:03:56.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And risk factors are those things\Nwhich cause our resilience to be weakened.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.25,0:03:58.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I just want to ask you all a question.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.49,0:04:01.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[is being deaf a risk factor?]
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.80,0:04:06.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do we think that being deaf\Nitself is a risk factor?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.23,0:04:09.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, the team I work with\Ndon't believe it to be the case.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.02,0:04:12.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are many successful deaf people\Nout there in the big, wide world
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.35,0:04:14.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who have excellent qualities of life.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.31,0:04:16.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They earn more money than the average Joe.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.59,0:04:19.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are very successful\Ndeaf people in education
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.44,0:04:21.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that do much better\Nthan their hearing peers.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.55,0:04:24.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it doesn't appear\Ndeafness is a risk factor.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.39,0:04:27.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[we hypothesize that\Ninternalizing audism is the risk factor]
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.27,0:04:33.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we would say that some kind of idea\Nof internalized audism is a risk factor.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.17,0:04:36.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That idea that you're continually\Nexposed to being needed to be fixed
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.69,0:04:38.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or that you're broken,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.03,0:04:45.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you internalize those ideas -\Nthat you need to be fixed -
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.03,0:04:48.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then we feel that that,\Nin and of itself, is the risk factor.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.63,0:04:51.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we wanted to see\Nif we could set up an experiment
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.10,0:04:52.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to test if that were the case.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.63,0:04:55.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale\NConnor & Davidson, 2003
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.31,0:04:58.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,measures: - sense of personal competence,\N- trust in one's instincts,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.57,0:05:01.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- tolerance of negative effects,\N- sense of social support,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.35,0:05:03.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- positive acceptance of change, ... ]
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.46,0:05:06.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, I suppose the big question is:\NHow do you measure resilience?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.61,0:05:08.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there are a number of tests out there,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.75,0:05:13.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we used one which has been\Nused with teenagers and young adults
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.90,0:05:17.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to ask them a variety of questions\Nabout their resilience;
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.10,0:05:19.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's a multiple choice,\Njust a pen and paper exercise.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.81,0:05:21.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we used that task.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.30,0:05:25.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[(slide continued) - action-oriented\Napproach to problem solving]
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.61,0:05:30.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I suppose the next question is:\NHow do we measure internalized audism?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.18,0:05:32.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is kind of where the fun starts.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.16,0:05:35.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Deaf Implicit Association Test\NHauser, Listman, & Kurz, 2013]
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.68,0:05:41.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the research field of social cognition,\Nthey have a variety of different methods,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.24,0:05:46.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of which actually is used\Nto measure racism, sexism,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.78,0:05:48.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and other kinds of prejudices.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.39,0:05:53.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we borrowed that mainstream test\Nand actually tried to adapt it for audism.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.36,0:05:55.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a computer-delivered test.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.55,0:05:57.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the idea is that you\Npush computer buttons,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.93,0:05:59.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you measure reaction times.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.87,0:06:02.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this gives you an idea\Nof what it looks like.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.37,0:06:05.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[GOOD (pictures), BAD (pictures)]
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.77,0:06:08.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I want you to remember these pictures.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.75,0:06:11.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's one set of pictures there\Nwhich says something good,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.93,0:06:15.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there's another set of pictures\Nwhich demonstrate bad things.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.81,0:06:18.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So please take a good look.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.33,0:06:24.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if we now look at the screen,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.95,0:06:28.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can see we have good on one side\Nand bad on the other.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.64,0:06:30.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if you see something that's good,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.70,0:06:33.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want you to point to the side\Nwhich represents good.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.25,0:06:34.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you see something bad,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.67,0:06:37.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want you to point to the side\Nthat represents bad.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.12,0:06:39.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Good (left) Bad (right)\N(picture - hugging)]
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.26,0:06:41.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, so that's good.\NWell done, people, you're with me.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.44,0:06:45.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Good (left) Bad (right)\N(picture - punching person)]
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.08,0:06:48.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's bad. I can see you get it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.17,0:06:50.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, so here's a little practice for you.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.31,0:06:54.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[(Different pictures\Nflashing one at a time)]
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.15,0:07:06.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well done, everybody!
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.56,0:07:10.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was quite fun to watch you all\Npointing into empty space.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.00,0:07:12.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So now let's play with another idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.43,0:07:14.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Deaf (pictures), Hearing (pictures)]
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.42,0:07:16.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we think about the idea\Nof deaf and hearing people,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.95,0:07:19.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you don't have to remember the faces,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.45,0:07:22.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but if it's a blue-framed picture,\Nthen it means they're deaf,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.95,0:07:25.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if it's a yellow-framed picture,\Nit means they're hearing.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.90,0:07:26.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.49,0:07:31.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Deaf (left) Hearing (right)\N(blue-framed picture)]
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.45,0:07:33.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'm going to do\Nexactly the same as before,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.60,0:07:36.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only I want you to point\Nin the space that represents deaf,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.98,0:07:39.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and point in the space\Nthat represents hearing.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.21,0:07:40.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, here we go.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.37,0:07:41.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[(Yellow-framed picture)]
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.93,0:07:43.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yep, you're with me.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.38,0:07:44.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well done.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.42,0:07:45.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was the practice.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.51,0:07:50.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[(Flashing pictures\Nwith different colored frames)]
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.19,0:08:03.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, that was actually the practice.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.08,0:08:07.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now I want to start the real experiment,\Nwhich has another layer of complexity.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.35,0:08:12.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're going to try and mix\Nthe two conditions
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.47,0:08:14.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of deaf and hearing,\Nand good and bad.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.25,0:08:17.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you see a picture -\Na drawn picture which is good or bad -
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.95,0:08:19.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you need to point to good or bad,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.56,0:08:23.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if it's framed,\Nblue or yellow, deaf or hearing.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.88,0:08:26.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[(left) Deaf, Good, (right) Hearing, Bad\N(blue-framed picture)]
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.84,0:08:28.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right. That one's deaf. Well done.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.73,0:08:30.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[(punching)]
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.53,0:08:32.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over here is bad, yes.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.32,0:08:34.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's proceed with the next stage.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.27,0:08:35.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[(pictures: yellow frame)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.02,0:08:37.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(holding flower)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.08,0:08:39.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(blue frame)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.04,0:08:41.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(yellow frame)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.02,0:08:43.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(snake bite)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.01,0:08:45.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(hugging)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.04,0:08:47.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(blue frame)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.06,0:08:49.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(hugging knees)]
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.27,0:08:52.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now I'm going to run the test again,\Nbut now the fun starts.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.98,0:08:55.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to swap where good and bad is.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.50,0:08:58.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[(left) Deaf, Bad, (right) Heading, Good\N(picture: punching)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.35,0:08:59.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now bad is to your right.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.76,0:09:02.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, so let's have a go.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.48,0:09:03.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[(holding flower)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.48,0:09:05.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(yellow frame)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.48,0:09:07.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(car in flood)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.50,0:09:09.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(blue frame)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.47,0:09:11.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(hugging)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.46,0:09:13.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(blue frame)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.45,0:09:15.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(snake bite)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.47,0:09:17.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(yellow frame)]
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.45,0:09:22.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The way we score that\Nis quite complicated,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.47,0:09:25.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we have a fancy algorithm\Nto analyze the data,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.72,0:09:28.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the whole point is the reaction time.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.07,0:09:32.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We administered this test\Nto a variety of college students.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.05,0:09:33.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a computer-based test,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.66,0:09:36.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we analyzed their reaction times\Nin the different conditions.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.76,0:09:42.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Results. Scale: 5 "Deaf = Good" bias\Nto -5 "Deaf = Bad" bias]
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.62,0:09:45.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were interested\Nin when "Deaf" and "Good"
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.78,0:09:47.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,co-occurred on the same side,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.74,0:09:52.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether that correlated with somebody\Nhaving a strong sense of Deaf being good,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.89,0:09:54.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that was an internalized value.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.78,0:09:59.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if we had "Deaf" and "Bad"\Non the same side,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.39,0:10:02.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then those people obviously\Nwould have a slower reaction.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.24,0:10:05.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, if somebody had internalized\Nthe notion that Deaf was bad,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.40,0:10:09.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they'd have a quicker reaction time\Nwhen Deaf and bad were on the same side.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.32,0:10:11.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we were trying to see\Nif we could use this
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.48,0:10:13.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to rate what people's\Ninternalized attitudes were,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.82,0:10:16.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether they identified Deaf\Nas good or Deaf as bad.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.47,0:10:18.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we split the group in half,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.60,0:10:21.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we know that one side\Nhas internalized the good concept,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.43,0:10:22.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the other bad.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.09,0:10:29.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So those who would say Deaf was good,\Nwe would say had some protective factors,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.18,0:10:30.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,strong resilience.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.46,0:10:36.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those who thought Deaf was bad,\Nwe would say they had internalized audism.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.61,0:10:38.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, you can remember
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.71,0:10:40.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we also had that task\Nthat we administered,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.98,0:10:43.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the multiple choice,\Nlooking at resilience.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.60,0:10:47.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Obviously, If they scored high,\Nthat meant they had strong resilience;
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.92,0:10:50.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a low score meant weak resilience.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.89,0:10:54.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Resilience Scale Score.\NResisted Audism, Internalized Audism]
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.17,0:10:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we were interested to see\Nhow these correlated together.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.00,0:11:01.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what was interesting\Nis those who saw Deaf as good
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.98,0:11:04.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,scored the same level of resilience\Nas their hearing peers.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.80,0:11:10.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[(Same scale) Strong resilience = 80,\NWeak resilience = 60.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.41,0:11:12.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,internalizing audism is a risk factor]
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.24,0:11:15.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which was not the same\Nfor those who saw Deaf as bad.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.23,0:11:19.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They clearly had internalized\Naudism and had weak resilience.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.84,0:11:22.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what appeared to be\Nthe protective factors?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.66,0:11:26.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For us, we thought actually looking\Nat Deaf Studies was an important field.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.30,0:11:29.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we often see notions\Nof use of sign language,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.70,0:11:31.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,involvement in the Deaf community,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.37,0:11:34.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we wanted to see\Nif those were relevant to our groups.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.82,0:11:36.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[our hypothesis:
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.24,0:11:38.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1. Deaf acculturation\N2. sign language skills]
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.80,0:11:43.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So again, let's think about how we can\Nmeasure notions like Deaf culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.67,0:11:47.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is a test which is actually\Ndeveloped by a colleague
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.63,0:11:49.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here at Gallaudet University,\N[Deb Maxwell-Macaw]
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.94,0:11:51.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the psychology department,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.43,0:11:54.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it asks questions\Nabout your values, your behaviors,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.50,0:11:56.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your involvement in the Deaf community,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.38,0:11:58.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your involvement\Nin mainstream events, for example.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.20,0:12:03.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And again, in this graph,\Nwe saw if there was a high score,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.06,0:12:05.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you were highly involved\Nin the Deaf community,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.58,0:12:08.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had Deaf cultural aspects about you,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.13,0:12:09.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a low score, not so much.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.93,0:12:13.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Graph - Deaf acculturation\Nis a protective factor]
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.77,0:12:17.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We found that those who had\Nhigh levels of [resilience]
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.25,0:12:20.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were people who socialized\Nwithin the Deaf community.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.34,0:12:22.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[American Sign Language\NSentence Reproduction Test
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.68,0:12:25.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hauser, Paludneviciene,\NSupalla, & Bavelier, 2008]
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.03,0:12:27.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were also interested\Nin looking at sign skills.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.70,0:12:33.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A team of us were involved\Nin developing a sign skills test.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.97,0:12:35.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Dr. Raylene Paludneviciene
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.39,0:12:38.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the psychology department\Nhere at Gallaudet was involved in that.]
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.53,0:12:43.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And on this [scale] you can see\Nhigh levels of ASL fluency
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.69,0:12:45.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and low levels of fluency.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.56,0:12:48.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Graph - y axis: ASL Score,\Nx axis: Resisted vs. Internalized Audism
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.77,0:12:50.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sign language skills\Nis a protective factor]
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.83,0:12:54.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those who had stronger\Nlevels of [resilience and resisted audism]
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.10,0:12:56.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also had better signing skills.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.29,0:13:00.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it seems that signing\Nseems to be a protective factor.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.31,0:13:02.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Deaf Capital Theory\NListman, Rogers, & Hauser, 2011]
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.36,0:13:05.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So why is it important\Nto use sign language
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.57,0:13:07.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and be involved in the Deaf community?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.43,0:13:11.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, our theory is\Nit's about Deaf capital.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.93,0:13:14.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And by "capital"\NI mean knowledge and skills
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.22,0:13:16.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you get from the Deaf community.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.29,0:13:20.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's almost like a toolbox\Nthat you can carry around with you.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.21,0:13:21.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you meet other Deaf people,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.75,0:13:25.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you gain knowledge from their experience\Nof navigating the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.90,0:13:30.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so when you're out in school\Nand something happens that's frustrating,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.19,0:13:33.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have the tools with you\Nto be able to deal with that.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.13,0:13:37.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Pie charts - Parents' hearing status:\NDeaf parent - 4%
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.72,0:13:39.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mitchell & Karchmer, 2002
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.16,0:13:41.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Parents who sign: Sign 23%,\NNo Data 5%, No Sign 72%
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.62,0:13:44.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Gallaudet University Research Institute\N2009-2010 Data]
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.21,0:13:46.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you may have remembered\Nat the beginning,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.93,0:13:49.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mentioned the term "linguisticism."
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.17,0:13:51.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that is the problem:
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.66,0:13:55.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many people don't value ASL.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.52,0:14:00.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know so many deaf people\Nare actually born without deaf parents,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.96,0:14:02.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they don't have Deaf capital.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.74,0:14:05.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't have exposure\Nto sign language.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.91,0:14:09.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of hearing families,\Nless than 25% use sign language,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.61,0:14:12.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which means many deaf children grow up
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.67,0:14:15.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with very poor,\Nimpoverished language skills,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.71,0:14:18.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that seems to be a risk factor.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.38,0:14:19.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in summary ...
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.54,0:14:20.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Same pie charts.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.57,0:14:24.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Graph with arrows in.\NInternalizing Audism is a Risk Factor.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.27,0:14:25.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Graph with arrows out.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.61,0:14:29.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Deaf Acculturation and Sign Language\NSkills are Protective Factors
Dialogue: 0,0:14:29.37,0:14:32.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Conclusion: audism = Bad;\Nlinguisticism = Bad;
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.97,0:14:36.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Deaf acculturation = Good;\Nlearning sign language = Good]
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.40,0:14:39.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reason, I think, audism\Nand linguisticism still happens today
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.73,0:14:42.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is because society doesn't know
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.62,0:14:44.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that ASL and involvement\Nin the Deaf community
Dialogue: 0,0:14:44.93,0:14:46.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is important to us.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.11,0:14:47.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to educate them.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.59,0:14:49.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to mentor young deaf children,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.83,0:14:51.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,young deaf adults,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.02,0:14:53.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that they can in turn educate, lead,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.23,0:14:55.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,educate other people\Nand become leaders of change.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.60,0:14:57.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much.