1 00:00:06,988 --> 00:00:09,446 今天,世界上超过一半的人口 2 00:00:09,446 --> 00:00:11,366 是城市居民。 3 00:00:11,366 --> 00:00:14,694 到本世纪中叶, 城市人口将增加到70%。 4 00:00:14,694 --> 00:00:16,782 而仅在一百年前, 5 00:00:16,782 --> 00:00:19,491 城市人口只占两成, 6 00:00:19,491 --> 00:00:21,615 这之前,城市人口更少。 7 00:00:21,615 --> 00:00:22,700 我们怎么会这样 8 00:00:22,700 --> 00:00:24,785 高度城市化了呢? 9 00:00:24,785 --> 00:00:27,180 高度城市化对我们未来又意味着什么? 10 00:00:27,180 --> 00:00:29,250 在人类初期, 11 00:00:29,250 --> 00:00:31,000 人是靠打猎和摘果子生存, 12 00:00:31,000 --> 00:00:32,709 四处游荡 13 00:00:32,709 --> 00:00:34,645 觅食。 14 00:00:35,153 --> 00:00:36,744 但是大约一万年前, 15 00:00:36,744 --> 00:00:38,831 我们的祖先开始掌握了 16 00:00:38,831 --> 00:00:40,204 饲养动物的秘密 17 00:00:40,204 --> 00:00:42,612 和早期农耕技术。 18 00:00:42,612 --> 00:00:43,881 人类首次 19 00:00:43,881 --> 00:00:45,113 开始生产食物 20 00:00:45,113 --> 00:00:46,555 而不再简单寻找食物了。 21 00:00:46,555 --> 00:00:47,938 由此,人类历史首次 22 00:00:47,938 --> 00:00:49,521 出现了 23 00:00:49,521 --> 00:00:51,775 半固定村落。 24 00:00:51,775 --> 00:00:54,271 你可能要问:“怎么还是半固定的呀?” 25 00:00:54,271 --> 00:00:57,036 那时候,每隔几年, 26 00:00:57,036 --> 00:00:58,460 村子就得搬家, 27 00:00:58,460 --> 00:01:00,441 因为土地用了几年就会贫瘠。 28 00:01:00,441 --> 00:01:02,329 大概五千年前, 29 00:01:02,329 --> 00:01:04,502 灌溉和犁地等 30 00:01:04,502 --> 00:01:06,044 技术的出现 31 00:01:06,044 --> 00:01:07,664 带来了长期, 32 00:01:07,664 --> 00:01:09,501 稳定的食物, 33 00:01:09,501 --> 00:01:11,913 人类才终于可以长期定居了。 34 00:01:11,913 --> 00:01:13,434 那么,技术带来了 35 00:01:13,434 --> 00:01:15,056 食物的盈余, 36 00:01:15,056 --> 00:01:17,595 就没必要大家都去农耕。 37 00:01:17,595 --> 00:01:18,992 有人就开始 38 00:01:18,992 --> 00:01:20,680 开发别的行业了, 39 00:01:20,680 --> 00:01:22,906 进而产生出,城市。 40 00:01:23,567 --> 00:01:25,986 因为城市制造了盈余的食物, 41 00:01:25,986 --> 00:01:26,974 工具, 42 00:01:26,974 --> 00:01:27,438 艺术品, 43 00:01:27,438 --> 00:01:28,572 等各种商品, 44 00:01:28,572 --> 00:01:30,509 自然就产生了商业, 45 00:01:30,509 --> 00:01:33,405 以及远距离之间的往来。 46 00:01:33,405 --> 00:01:34,742 贸易的繁荣,, 47 00:01:34,742 --> 00:01:37,549 又促使技术突飞猛进, 48 00:01:37,549 --> 00:01:39,467 比如,有轮车, 49 00:01:39,467 --> 00:01:40,901 轮船, 50 00:01:40,901 --> 00:01:41,962 道路, 51 00:01:41,962 --> 00:01:43,154 还有港口。 52 00:01:43,154 --> 00:01:45,320 当然,这些又需要人力 53 00:01:45,320 --> 00:01:46,789 修建维护, 54 00:01:46,789 --> 00:01:47,987 引发更多的人离开 55 00:01:47,987 --> 00:01:49,794 农村来到城市, 56 00:01:49,794 --> 00:01:51,247 因为城市 57 00:01:51,247 --> 00:01:52,960 工作机会多。 58 00:01:52,960 --> 00:01:55,141 如果你觉得现在的城市人口过多, 59 00:01:55,141 --> 00:01:56,461 那我现在告诉你, 60 00:01:56,461 --> 00:01:59,906 公元前两千年, 有些城市人口密度是 61 00:01:59,906 --> 00:02:03,909 上海和加尔各答的两倍。 是不是吓了你一跳? 62 00:02:03,909 --> 00:02:04,902 那时候人口过密的原因之一是 63 00:02:04,902 --> 00:02:07,524 交通不发达, 64 00:02:07,524 --> 00:02:10,150 大家都是靠走路, 所以就近才方便, 65 00:02:10,150 --> 00:02:12,156 另外,干净水源 66 00:02:12,156 --> 00:02:13,774 也有限。 67 00:02:13,774 --> 00:02:15,407 那时候,城市的土地类型 68 00:02:15,407 --> 00:02:17,648 要考虑到是否适合建城墙, 69 00:02:17,648 --> 00:02:20,116 以抵御外敌侵犯。 70 00:02:20,116 --> 00:02:22,990 罗马帝国开发出基础设施 71 00:02:22,990 --> 00:02:25,043 克服了这些限制, 72 00:02:25,043 --> 00:02:26,327 但除此之外, 73 00:02:26,327 --> 00:02:27,628 据我们所知, 74 00:02:27,628 --> 00:02:28,943 现代城市是直到工业革命时 75 00:02:28,943 --> 00:02:30,940 才终于开始蓬勃发展的。 76 00:02:30,940 --> 00:02:33,697 当时,新科技的大量采用 77 00:02:33,697 --> 00:02:36,386 促进城市的发展和资源整合, 78 00:02:36,386 --> 00:02:37,672 建立了警察局, 79 00:02:37,672 --> 00:02:38,271 消防部, 80 00:02:38,271 --> 00:02:39,782 和卫生部, 81 00:02:39,782 --> 00:02:41,342 修建了交通网, 82 00:02:41,342 --> 00:02:43,815 而后又有了电供应。 83 00:02:43,815 --> 00:02:46,572 那么,未来城市是什么样子呢? 84 00:02:46,572 --> 00:02:49,475 目前全球七十多亿人口, 85 00:02:49,475 --> 00:02:52,227 而且预计地球最多能承受一百亿人口。 86 00:02:52,227 --> 00:02:53,730 人口增长最快的地方将是 87 00:02:53,730 --> 00:02:57,023 最贫穷国家的城市区域。 88 00:02:57,023 --> 00:02:58,943 那么,城市该如何发展以应对 89 00:02:58,943 --> 00:03:01,134 激增的人口呢? 90 00:03:01,134 --> 00:03:03,309 首先,要想办法给所有人 91 00:03:03,309 --> 00:03:04,754 提供足够的食物, 92 00:03:04,754 --> 00:03:05,714 卫生, 93 00:03:05,714 --> 00:03:07,954 和教育。 94 00:03:07,954 --> 00:03:09,831 其次,人口增长同时又 95 00:03:09,831 --> 00:03:11,713 不能破坏 96 00:03:11,713 --> 00:03:13,796 人类赖以生存的, 97 00:03:13,796 --> 00:03:16,513 供我们休养生息的土地 98 00:03:17,159 --> 00:03:18,590 食品制造业大概要搬到 99 00:03:18,590 --> 00:03:20,713 垂直牧场和摩天大厦里, 100 00:03:20,713 --> 00:03:21,795 屋顶花园里, 101 00:03:21,795 --> 00:03:24,272 或是市中心的空地上, 102 00:03:24,272 --> 00:03:25,802 能源使用方面,将会更多采用 103 00:03:25,802 --> 00:03:28,689 各个种类的可再生能源 104 00:03:28,689 --> 00:03:30,728 别墅将越来越少, 105 00:03:30,728 --> 00:03:33,338 取而代之的会是更多的高楼大厦。 106 00:03:33,338 --> 00:03:35,299 楼内设施应有尽有, 107 00:03:35,299 --> 00:03:37,616 人们日常所需在楼内均可买得。 108 00:03:37,616 --> 00:03:39,579 也会有小型的,致力于当地可持续发展型的 109 00:03:39,579 --> 00:03:42,701 自给自足城市。 110 00:03:42,701 --> 00:03:44,794 未来城市将是形形色色的, 111 00:03:44,794 --> 00:03:45,466 具有可塑性, 112 00:03:45,466 --> 00:03:46,328 并且别出心裁的, 113 00:03:46,328 --> 00:03:48,593 未来城市不再围绕某一行业而设, 114 00:03:48,593 --> 00:03:50,968 而是会反映出日益紧密连接的 115 00:03:50,968 --> 00:03:53,087 全球化趋势。