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(The Plum Village Online Monastery)

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(Mindful online broadcasts like this[br]are supported by viewers like you.)

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(Donate at: http:// pvom.org)

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(Thank you for your generosity)

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# May the day be well[br]and the night be well.

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# May the midday hour[br]bring happiness, too.

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# In every minute and every second,

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# may the day and night be well.

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# By the blessing of the Triple Gem,

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# may all things be protected and safe.

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# May all beings born[br]in each of the four ways

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# live in a land of purity.

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# May all in the Three Realms[br]be born upon Lotus Thrones.

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# May countless wandering souls

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# realize the three virtuous positions[br]of the Bodhisattva Path.

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# May all living beings,[br]with grace and ease,

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# fulfill the Bodhisattva Stages.

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# The countenance[br]of the World-Honored One,

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# like the full moon,[br]or like the orb of the sun,

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# shines with the light of clarity.

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# A halo of wisdom[br]spreads in every direction,

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enveloping all with love and compassion,[br]joy and equanimity.

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# Namo Shakyamunaye Buddhaya,

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# Namo Shakyamunaye Buddhaya,

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# Namo Shakyamunaye Buddhaya. #

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(Bell)

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#From the depths of understanding,

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# a flower of great eloquence blooms:

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# The Bodhisattva stands majestically

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# upon the waves of birth and death,[br]free from all afflictions.

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# Her great compassion[br]eliminates all sickness,

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# even that once thought of as incurable.

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# Her wondrous light sweeps away[br]all obstacles and dangers.

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# Her willow branch, once waved,[br]reveals countless Buddha Lands.

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# Her lotus flower blossoms[br]a multitude of practice centers.

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# We bow to her.

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# We see her true presence[br]in the here and the now.

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# We offer her[br]the incense of our hearts.

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# May the Bodhisattva of Deep Listening[br]embrace us all with Great Compassion.

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# Namo 'valokiteshvaraya,

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# Namo 'valokiteshvaraya,

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# Namo 'valokiteshvaraya. #

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(Bell)

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(Bell)

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(Bell)

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(Bell)

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(Bell)

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(Bell)

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Good morning, dear friends.

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I hope everyone can hear clearly enough.

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I began the practice of mindfulness[br]at the age of 16.

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I was ordained as a novice monk[br]at the age of 16.

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And the first book, [br]text of mindfulness,

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contains a number of verses.

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Each verse has 4 lines.

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And each line has 5 words.

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It was written in classical Chinese.

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When I woke up in the morning,

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I was supposed to read[br]the first line of a verse

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and then breathe.

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When I breathed in,

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I read the first line

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silently, inside.

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When I breathed out,

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I read the second line.

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Then, one in-breath for the third line

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and one in-breath for the fourth line.

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That is a verse that helps me[br]to be mindful when I wake up.

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The first gatha, the fist verse,[br]goes like this:

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"Waking up in the morning, I smile".

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The first thing you do in the morning[br]is to smile.

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"Waking up in the morning, I smile."

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You breathe in and you smile.

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Then, when you breathe out[br]you read the second line:

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"I have 24 brand new hours to live."

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That is a gift of life.

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24 brand new hours to live!

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That is a lot.

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Then, when I breathe in again[br]I read the third line:

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"I vow to live these 24 hours deeply."

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Each hour deeply,[br]I will not waste them.

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I don't allow anger, fear and jealousy

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to prevent me from living deeply[br]these 24 hours given to me.

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And the last line is:

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"I make the vow to learn[br]to look at the people around me

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with the eyes of compassion."

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That is the first verse.

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A novice has to memorize[br]all these verses

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in order to practice mindfulness.

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"Waking up in the morning, I smile.

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I have 24 brand new hours to live.

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I vow to live them deeply

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and learn to look at the people around me[br]with the eyes of compassion."

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There is no thinking,[br]just breathing

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and remembering to live in such a way

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that you will not waste your life.

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When you brush your teeth,

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there is one verse for you[br]to brush your teeth.

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So while you are brushing your teeth[br]you can be happy,

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you can be mindful.

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You appreciate the water,

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you appreciate the time that you have[br]in order to brush your teeth.

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When you put on your robe,

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there is one verse for you to practice.

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When you sit down,

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there is a verse for you to sit down.

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A novice, before he sits down,[br]he breathes and reads a verse.

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You don't hear anything,

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but a novice is supposed to practice

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mindfulness of breathing[br]while sitting down.

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It goes like this:

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"Sitting down here is like[br]sitting at the foot of the Bodhi tree

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and wake up like a Buddha."

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I am sitting down[br]and allow myself to be free,

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not to be bound by afflictions[br]like anger and fear.

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I sit down as a free person.

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So there are about 50 verses like that[br]for a novice to learn by heart

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so that he or she can practice[br]mindfulness throughout the day

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and enjoy every moment of his daily life.

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We have translated these verses[br]into English, French and so on.

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You may like to use them

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in order to practice[br]mindfulness of breathing

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so that you improve the quality[br]of your daily life.

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We have invented new verses,

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like "Riding a Bicycle",

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because the text is very ancient,

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there is no verse[br]for riding a bicycle.

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(Laughter)

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So I invented a verse to ride a bicycle.

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It may be interesting for you to know

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that I am one of the first Buddhists monks[br]in Vietnam to ride on a bicycle.

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(Laughter)

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That is very modern.

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(Laughter)

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Now people drive a car,

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use scooters,

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but at that time,[br]for a monk to ride on a bicycle

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was something very new.

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Now, we have also a verse

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for you to use when you are about[br]to make a phone call,

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called "telephone meditation".

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(Laughter)

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You are holding the phone,

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and you want to call him or her.

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So you breathe in with one line,

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and breathe out with the second line,

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and breathe in with the third line

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and breathe out with the fourth line.

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And you are calm after that.

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The quality of the talk will be better.

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"Words can travel thousands of kilometers,

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they can build more[br]understanding and love.

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I vow that what I am going to say

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will promote[br]mutual understanding and love.

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Every word I say will be beautiful[br]like flowers or embroideries."

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So before you compose the number,

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you hold the telephone

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and you enjoy breathing in and out[br]two times reading that.

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And you are fresh enough[br]to make the telephone call.

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And when you hear the sound[br]on the other end of the line,

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you know that the other person[br]is not answering you right away,

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because she is practicing breathing also.

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(Laughter)

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Yes, in Plum Village,[br]when you hear the telephone

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you are not supposed to answer right away.

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The sound of the telephone[br]is considered to be

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a bell of mindfulness.

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Because if you don't practice,

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the sound of the telephone[br]may disturb you a little bit.

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Who is calling?[br]Good news or bad news?

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But if you are a practitioner[br]of the telephone meditation,

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then, you stay where you are

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you listen to the sound of the telephone

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and you breathe in and out,[br]you calm yourself.

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So next time,[br]when you call to Plum Village,

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if you don't get an answer right away...

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(Laughter)

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you know that[br]they are breathing in and out!

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(Laughter)

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If you know that[br]they are breathing in and out,

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you tell yourself:

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"They are breathing in and out.[br]Why not me?"

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(Laughter)

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So you don't wait.

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You just enjoy[br]breathing in and out again

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until the other person[br]answers the phone.

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That is called telephone meditation.

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There is a lay Dharma teacher[br]in India, Shantum.

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His mother was[br]the president of the Supreme Court.

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When we visited her,[br]we talked about telephone meditation.

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She found it very helpful.

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So she uses the practice[br]of telephone meditation.

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Imagine, in the city of Barcelona,

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everyone practicing[br]telephone meditation.

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There will be[br]much more peace, happiness,

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mutual understanding and love,

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because we have the time[br]to refresh ourselves,

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to improve the quality of our talking.

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By talking you can promote[br]more understanding, love and so on.

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In the Plum Village's Chanting Book

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you can find a few dozens[br]of verses like that.

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If you want, you can memorize them

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and enjoy practicing them[br]in your daily life.

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"Sitting Down", "Beginning to Walk".

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There is one for you[br]to wash your dishes.

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Because it may be pleasant[br]to do the dishes.

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You can enjoy washing the dishes,

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breathing and using a gatha.

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Everything done in mindfulness[br]can bring you joy and happiness.

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Including starting a car.

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There is one for you to start your car.

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Of course, when an unpleasant feeling[br]is coming up,

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you have a gatha in order to practice

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to take care of the painful feeling[br]that is going up.

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These verses are very helpful[br]for the life of a practitioner.

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The practice of mindfulness[br]can be very concrete.

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There are five areas[br]of practicing mindfulness.

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The first is to protect life.

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Protecting life.

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Because life is so precious!

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You have to protect your own life.

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Protect yourself.

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Protect the life[br]of the people you love.

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And protect the lives[br]of other living beings,

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including animals, plants and minerals.

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And to protect the planet Earth.

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That is the first mindfulness training.

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Reverence for life,[br]protecting life.

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(1. Protecting LIFE)

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There are many young people

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who kill themselves every day.

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Because they do not know[br]how to handle a strong emotion.

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The practice of mindfulness[br]can help them

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not to destroy themselves like that.

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I think that[br]if schoolteachers and parents

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know the practice,

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they can transmit it[br]to the young people.

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In countries like Japan,

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every year, about 30.000[br]people commit suicide.

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30.000![br]That is a lot.

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In Hong Kong,[br]in the UK, in America,

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everywhere, young people[br]are killing themselves

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because they don't know[br]how to handle a strong emotion.

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The practice of mindful breathing,[br]mindful walking,

0:28:19.367,0:28:22.975
can help us[br]to handle a strong emotion.

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We should know how to do it

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and tell the young people[br]how to do it.

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We would save their life.

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When a strong emotion is coming,

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we know it is coming.

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We are aware that it is coming.

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So we stop doing things

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and we stop thinking.

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Because if we continue to think,[br]the emotion becomes stronger.

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We go back to the practice[br]of mindful breathing right away.

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Whether you are in a sitting position[br]or you are in a lying position,

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you practice mindful deep breathing.

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Bring your mind down

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to the level of the stomach.

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Focus your attention on the rising[br]and falling of the stomach.

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Breathing in, I know it is rising.

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Breathing out, I know it is falling.

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If you are in a lying position,

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you may like to put[br]your hand on your stomach

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and breathing in you feel[br]that your stomach is rising,

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breathing out you feel[br]that your stomach is falling.

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Try to breathe as deeply as possible

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and focus your attention only[br]on the rising and falling of the stomach.

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You maintain this insight:

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that a strong emotion

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is something that comes,

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stays for a while and goes.

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It is impermanent.

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You are much more than an emotion.

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An emotion is just a tiny thing.

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But you are much more[br]than an emotion.

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You are made of body,[br]feelings, perceptions,

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mental formations, consciousness.

0:31:16.623,0:31:20.211
The territory of your being is large,

0:31:20.441,0:31:24.537
and an emotion is just[br]a little bit of you.

0:31:24.906,0:31:28.668
Why do you have to die[br]because of one emotion?

0:31:31.464,0:31:33.860
An emotion is like a storm.

0:31:34.071,0:31:38.655
If you know how to handle a storm,[br]you survive very well.

0:31:39.923,0:31:43.156
That kind of insight[br]should be maintained alive

0:31:43.368,0:31:47.921
during the time you handle the emotion.

0:31:57.287,0:31:59.030
(Bell)

0:32:02.493,0:32:08.555
(Bell)

0:32:31.592,0:32:34.537
The practice is easy enough:

0:32:34.822,0:32:36.520
stop the thinking,

0:32:36.690,0:32:41.223
bring your attention down[br]to the level of the navel,

0:32:42.216,0:32:45.163
practice breathing in and out

0:32:45.343,0:32:48.399
and become aware of the rising[br]and falling of your abdomen.

0:32:48.594,0:32:50.727
Maintain that insight alive:

0:32:50.900,0:32:53.399
an emotion is just an emotion.

0:32:53.580,0:32:57.765
I don't have to die[br]just because of one emotion.

0:32:59.721,0:33:02.897
It comes and it will go away.

0:33:05.966,0:33:11.099
If you focus your attention[br]only on the in-breath and out-breath,

0:33:11.541,0:33:14.425
the rising and falling of the abdomen,

0:33:14.571,0:33:16.367
you are safe.

0:33:16.560,0:33:18.765
Mindfulness is protecting you.

0:33:19.002,0:33:20.462
There is no thinking.

0:33:20.634,0:33:23.560
There is only[br]the breathing and the calming.

0:33:24.719,0:33:28.527
5 minutes later, or 8,[br]it will go away

0:33:28.693,0:33:31.732
and you will survive the emotion.

0:33:32.508,0:33:34.657
Next time,[br]when the emotion comes,

0:33:34.827,0:33:36.959
you are no longer afraid.

0:33:37.167,0:33:40.346
"I know how to handle it.[br]I'm not afraid."

0:33:46.537,0:33:51.192
But we should not wait[br]until a strong emotion comes

0:33:51.499,0:33:53.517
in order to begin the practice,

0:33:53.742,0:33:57.149
because, naturally,[br]we will forget to practice.

0:33:57.350,0:34:01.031
And you allow yourself[br]to be carried away by the strong emotion.

0:34:01.232,0:34:04.203
We have to practice[br]mindful breathing every day.

0:34:05.363,0:34:08.128
The practice of deep breathing,

0:34:08.563,0:34:12.027
belly breathing, abdomen breathing,

0:34:12.525,0:34:14.668
a few minutes a day.

0:34:14.885,0:34:17.454
In a few weeks it will become a habit,

0:34:17.695,0:34:21.630
and when a strong emotion,[br]a painful feeling comes,

0:34:21.830,0:34:24.428
we will remember to practice.

0:34:25.999,0:34:30.628
We will be able[br]to survive the emotion very well.

0:34:35.368,0:34:40.486
Your little boy, your little girl,[br]may get into a crisis

0:34:41.429,0:34:44.218
with a strong emotion.

0:34:44.736,0:34:47.329
You may like[br]to hold his hand and say:

0:34:47.595,0:34:50.762
"Darling, breathe in with mummy.

0:34:52.253,0:34:57.090
Don't you see that when we breathe in,[br]our stomach is rising?

0:34:58.767,0:35:03.858
And when we breathe out[br]our stomach is falling?"

0:35:04.442,0:35:09.107
So you do[br]a guided meditation for the child.

0:35:09.531,0:35:12.048
As you have the energy of mindfulness,

0:35:12.225,0:35:16.631
you transmit it[br]to the little boy, to the little girl.

0:35:16.938,0:35:21.455
You train your little boy or little girl[br]to breathe in and out

0:35:22.857,0:35:27.198
and to take care of the strong emotion.

0:35:28.948,0:35:31.086
This is possible.

0:35:31.221,0:35:33.251
Later on,

0:35:34.018,0:35:37.125
the boy, the girl,[br]can do it by himself.

0:35:38.558,0:35:41.426
As schoolteachers,

0:35:42.104,0:35:48.762
we may like to do that[br]for our students who are in trouble,

0:35:49.174,0:35:52.986
who have been carried away[br]by a strong emotion.

0:35:54.331,0:35:59.690
We can also ask other children,[br]other students, to help.

0:36:01.916,0:36:07.403
Suppose in the class[br]there is a boy who is in crisis.

0:36:08.630,0:36:12.097
It does not seem[br]that we can calm him down.

0:36:12.720,0:36:18.370
So we ask the whole class[br]to practice to support the boy.

0:36:21.419,0:36:24.562
You can prepare so that[br]you and your students

0:36:24.725,0:36:27.389
can practice mindful breathing,

0:36:27.581,0:36:31.859
generating that collective[br]energy of mindfulness and peace

0:36:32.067,0:36:38.359
and help the boy that is in crisis.

0:36:39.461,0:36:47.256
He is aware of the love, the compassion[br]of the whole group, the whole class,

0:36:47.599,0:36:50.265
and he will suffer less.

0:36:55.628,0:37:02.362
So parents and teachers[br]should master the practice

0:37:03.332,0:37:08.001
and transmit the practice[br]of deep abdomen breathing

0:37:08.529,0:37:11.215
to the young people.[br]It is very important.

0:37:11.349,0:37:15.578
That is something[br]that should be taught in school.

0:37:33.355,0:37:36.225
The second realm of the practice

0:37:36.469,0:37:40.822
is the realm of true happiness.

0:37:46.154,0:37:53.994
Practicing True Happiness.

0:38:02.310,0:38:07.987
I think a discussion on true happiness[br]should be taken up

0:38:13.220,0:38:15.265
as a topic.

0:38:18.813,0:38:21.134
Because so many people believe

0:38:21.335,0:38:27.494
that happiness is made[br]of fame, power, money

0:38:27.726,0:38:29.984
and sensual pleasures.

0:38:35.333,0:38:39.358
We know that there are many people[br]who have plenty of these things

0:38:39.543,0:38:41.741
and they suffer very deeply.

0:38:42.008,0:38:45.235
Many of them[br]commit suicide also.

0:38:48.438,0:38:53.233
So we should try[br]to help the young people

0:38:53.497,0:38:58.926
to see that true happiness[br]is made of understanding and love.

0:39:14.894,0:39:19.250
In fact, love is born[br]from understanding.

0:39:23.345,0:39:27.479
If you do not understand someone,[br]you cannot love him or her,

0:39:27.665,0:39:29.888
or make him or her happy.

0:39:35.476,0:39:37.853
So it may be helpful[br]to ask the other person:

0:39:38.065,0:39:42.503
"Darling, do you think[br]that I understand you?

0:39:48.066,0:39:51.164
Do you think that[br]I have understood you enough?

0:39:51.372,0:39:53.464
If not, please, help me."

0:39:57.568,0:40:01.288
We know that understanding ourselves

0:40:04.123,0:40:07.130
will help to understand[br]the other person.

0:40:08.839,0:40:11.459
We need to understand our own suffering,

0:40:12.619,0:40:15.823
our own difficulties,

0:40:17.395,0:40:19.792
before we can understand

0:40:19.938,0:40:23.723
the suffering and difficulties[br]of the other person.

0:40:27.197,0:40:30.912
When you feel understood,[br]you feel loved.

0:40:32.000,0:40:35.737
So what you can offer[br]to the person you love

0:40:35.960,0:40:38.483
is understanding.

0:40:39.598,0:40:43.942
Understanding is something[br]that can grow every day.

0:40:44.129,0:40:48.721
In true love, understanding[br]is growing every day.

0:40:51.602,0:40:54.440
You have to feed your love[br]with understanding.

0:40:54.617,0:40:57.789
You have try to understand[br]the other person.

0:40:58.003,0:41:01.430
Specially the difficulties,[br]the suffering in him or in her.

0:41:02.128,0:41:07.518
And if needed, you can[br]ask that person to help.

0:41:13.337,0:41:21.695
A father may be motivated[br]by making his son happy,

0:41:23.563,0:41:26.106
but if the father does not understand

0:41:26.359,0:41:29.449
the suffering[br]and the difficulties of the son,

0:41:29.602,0:41:31.862
the more he tries,

0:41:32.030,0:41:34.955
the more he makes his son suffer.

0:41:35.109,0:41:38.495
Because understanding[br]is very important.

0:41:38.736,0:41:41.375
That is why the father[br]should ask the son:

0:41:41.591,0:41:44.331
"My son, do you think[br]I understand your problems,

0:41:44.539,0:41:46.698
I understand your difficulties?"

0:41:50.544,0:41:54.195
And the son,[br]in order to be able to love his father,

0:41:54.404,0:41:56.531
should do the same:

0:41:56.891,0:42:00.770
"Father, do you think[br]that I understand you,

0:42:00.920,0:42:03.453
your suffering, your difficulties?

0:42:03.543,0:42:05.536
Please, tell me."

0:42:05.799,0:42:08.631
So understanding is a practice.

0:42:10.589,0:42:16.003
Last night we have talked

0:42:16.223,0:42:20.556
about the practice of deep listening[br]and loving speech

0:42:21.231,0:42:26.793
that can help us[br]to understand the suffering

0:42:27.264,0:42:30.332
and to restore communication.

0:42:31.832,0:42:35.103
So to love means to understand.

0:42:37.362,0:42:40.772
Understanding[br]is the other word for love.

0:42:40.949,0:42:46.838
If you don't understand someone

0:42:47.287,0:42:50.272
you cannot love him or her.

0:42:50.686,0:42:53.419
Cultivating understanding

0:42:54.568,0:42:58.297
and creating love and compassion,

0:42:58.793,0:43:02.971
that is the true element of happiness.

0:43:03.775,0:43:09.101
A person without understanding and love[br]cannot be a happy person.

0:43:10.406,0:43:13.023
With plenty of understanding and love,

0:43:13.288,0:43:16.363
even if you don't have[br]a lot of money, fame, profit,

0:43:16.563,0:43:19.233
you are a happy person anyway.

0:43:20.196,0:43:22.086
That is why

0:43:22.613,0:43:27.037
mindfulness is a kind of practice[br]that can help us to understand

0:43:28.158,0:43:30.434
what is true happiness.

0:43:30.632,0:43:34.749
True happiness is not made[br]with the objects of craving,

0:43:34.993,0:43:37.096
like fame,

0:43:39.097,0:43:42.903
power, wealth and sensual pleasures,

0:43:43.129,0:43:46.211
but with understanding[br]and compassion.

0:43:48.625,0:43:51.274
The Kingdom of God is a place

0:43:51.452,0:43:54.774
where there is[br]a lot of understanding and love.

0:43:55.302,0:44:01.122
We can contribute into generating[br]more understanding and love

0:44:01.507,0:44:07.965
and make the place[br]a real Kingdom for all of us.

0:44:17.398,0:44:22.376
The third area of practice of mindfulness

0:44:22.596,0:44:25.659
is the practice of True Love.

0:44:27.338,0:44:32.528
(3. Practicing True Love)

0:44:37.885,0:44:39.838
We learn

0:44:42.190,0:44:46.148
that sexual desire is not true love.

0:44:50.247,0:44:54.248
People mix up the two,[br]love and sexual desire.

0:44:55.427,0:44:59.235
Sexual desires very often destroy love,

0:45:00.325,0:45:02.956
and create a lot of suffering.

0:45:04.852,0:45:10.864
Most young people[br]don't know what is true love.

0:45:14.948,0:45:18.827
As schoolteachers, as parents,[br]we have to help them.

0:45:37.103,0:45:39.631
Girls and boys in high school,

0:45:40.234,0:45:42.293
they suffer a lot.

0:45:42.501,0:45:45.111
Because they do not know[br]what is true love.

0:45:48.998,0:45:52.859
They are losing the most precious thing[br]within themselves.

0:45:53.068,0:45:56.632
They continue to suffer[br]for all their lives,

0:45:56.862,0:46:00.498
because they do not know[br]exactly what is true love.

0:46:23.463,0:46:27.695
A boy asked his girlfriend

0:46:27.989,0:46:34.468
to send him a picture of her nude.

0:46:41.491,0:46:44.516
And the girl did not want to do it.

0:46:54.693,0:46:56.558
But she was afraid

0:46:56.856,0:47:01.922
that the boy would abandon her.

0:47:05.293,0:47:10.665
So she had to send him her picture,

0:47:11.925,0:47:15.864
taken with her own telephone.

0:47:17.213,0:47:21.187
And the boy[br]showed that picture to his friends.

0:47:21.800,0:47:25.158
Small things like that[br]happen everywhere

0:47:27.318,0:47:31.791
and make the young people[br]suffer very deeply.

0:47:32.235,0:47:36.162
That is what is going on[br]with the younger generation.

0:47:36.533,0:47:39.432
They don't know exactly[br]what is true love.

0:47:45.096,0:47:46.491
That is why

0:47:46.732,0:47:50.500
teaching True Love to the young people[br]is very important.

0:47:53.985,0:47:57.519
Tell them that sexual desire is not love.

0:47:57.956,0:48:01.223
Tell them that true love[br]is made of compassion,

0:48:01.667,0:48:05.897
loving kindness, joy[br]and non discrimination.

0:48:14.958,0:48:20.566
Maitri is the Sanskrit word[br]for loving kindness.

0:48:21.226,0:48:24.226
(maitri: loving kindness)

0:48:27.323,0:48:30.494
It is very much like friendship.

0:48:35.353,0:48:38.772
Maitri is the first element of true love.

0:48:41.097,0:48:45.239
That is friendship,[br]brotherhood, sisterhood.

0:48:46.269,0:48:50.768
It has the power[br]to offer happiness.

0:48:56.397,0:49:00.356
You can generate joy and happiness,

0:49:01.960,0:49:04.274
you can help generate

0:49:04.462,0:49:07.991
a feeling of joy and happiness[br]in him or in her.

0:49:08.244,0:49:10.303
That is maitri.

0:49:11.158,0:49:14.104
True love should offer happiness.

0:49:19.451,0:49:22.176
Not the intention to offer happiness.

0:49:22.550,0:49:26.091
Because you may have a lot of intention[br]to make someone happy,

0:49:26.410,0:49:30.246
but the way you do it[br]makes him or her suffer.

0:49:30.363,0:49:36.593
So it is not the intention to love,[br]but the capacity to make someone happy.

0:49:41.795,0:49:45.807
If you practice[br]mindful breathing, mindful walking,

0:49:46.359,0:49:51.024
and restore your freshness,

0:49:52.207,0:49:54.901
your beauty, your calm,

0:49:57.836,0:50:02.487
you can offer[br]these elements to him, to her.

0:50:02.663,0:50:04.755
That is maitri.

0:50:05.866,0:50:07.859
You are so pleasant,

0:50:08.090,0:50:10.026
you are so fresh,

0:50:10.529,0:50:12.718
so pleasant to be with,

0:50:14.883,0:50:18.706
you can generate[br]joy, happiness and peace

0:50:18.906,0:50:23.628
and you can help him or her[br]to generate joy, happiness and peace.

0:50:23.868,0:50:25.500
That is maitri.

0:50:25.671,0:50:28.096
That is true love.

0:50:29.067,0:50:31.000
And that is a practice,

0:50:31.200,0:50:34.533
that is possible as a practice.

0:50:35.193,0:50:37.866
The young people can do it.

0:50:48.152,0:50:55.503
The second element[br]of true love is karuna,

0:50:58.507,0:51:01.093
which is compassion.

0:51:06.120,0:51:09.120
(karuna: compassion)

0:51:09.832,0:51:16.733
Karuna is the capacity[br]to help someone to suffer less,

0:51:19.364,0:51:22.461
to remove the suffering in him or her,

0:51:24.501,0:51:27.901
to transform the suffering[br]in him or in her.

0:51:29.626,0:51:34.823
We know that the practice[br]of compassionate listening

0:51:36.364,0:51:39.424
can make a person suffer less.

0:51:47.634,0:51:51.270
You understand[br]the suffering in him or in her,

0:51:52.903,0:51:57.094
you help him or her[br]to empty his heart

0:51:58.870,0:52:01.334
and suffer less.

0:52:01.974,0:52:06.886
If you know how to help[br]a person to suffer less,

0:52:07.090,0:52:12.261
you have the element[br]of karuna in your love.

0:52:14.328,0:52:17.191
True love should have karuna.

0:52:17.361,0:52:22.856
The capacity to help someone[br]to suffer less.

0:52:36.821,0:52:41.266
With the energy of mindfulness[br]and compassion in you,

0:52:41.862,0:52:44.551
you can do a lot of things.

0:52:45.880,0:52:48.301
You can help a person to suffer less

0:52:48.502,0:52:51.264
just by sitting close to him or her,

0:52:51.514,0:52:56.029
or just saying something[br]full of compassion and understanding.

0:52:59.465,0:53:06.394
Just show her the way[br]to restore joy and happiness.

0:53:06.624,0:53:08.620
We can do many things

0:53:08.767,0:53:11.867
in order to help a person[br]to suffer less.

0:53:17.026,0:53:19.798
The third element is mudita,

0:53:25.677,0:53:28.106
which is joy.

0:53:30.203,0:53:32.903
(mudita: joy)

0:53:33.733,0:53:38.726
If when loving someone[br]you make him or her suffer

0:53:38.928,0:53:40.860
and cry every day,

0:53:41.062,0:53:42.999
that is not true love.

0:53:43.168,0:53:45.897
True love should offer joy.

0:53:46.353,0:53:49.530
Joy is a mark of true love.

0:53:51.435,0:53:53.899
True love should generate joy,

0:53:54.170,0:53:56.870
for yourself and for him, for her.

0:53:56.899,0:53:59.532
If you make him or her cry and suffer,

0:53:59.694,0:54:01.499
that is not true love.

0:54:03.401,0:54:06.692
The joy is of both of you.

0:54:11.330,0:54:15.792
The fourth element[br]of true love is upeksa.

0:54:16.020,0:54:21.832
Upeksa is[br]non discrimination, inclusiveness.

0:54:32.300,0:54:34.893
Equanimity.

0:54:38.361,0:54:41.361
(upeksa: equanimity)

0:54:44.167,0:54:47.422
In true love,[br]there is no longer any frontier

0:54:47.628,0:54:52.103
between you and her, and him.

0:54:55.894,0:54:58.331
Your suffering is his suffering.

0:54:59.233,0:55:02.232
Her happiness is your happiness.

0:55:03.195,0:55:05.767
You cannot say:[br]"Darling, that is your problem."

0:55:06.018,0:55:07.718
No.

0:55:07.930,0:55:10.495
Your problem is my problem, darling.

0:55:11.066,0:55:14.155
In true love[br]there is no longer discrimination

0:55:14.362,0:55:18.267
between the lover and the beloved one.

0:55:21.539,0:55:25.239
Your happiness is her happiness.

0:55:26.130,0:55:29.281
Your suffering is his suffering.

0:55:31.425,0:55:35.713
No discrimination.[br]You include everyone.

0:55:36.762,0:55:39.472
You include each other.

0:55:40.343,0:55:43.062
If it is true love,

0:55:44.394,0:55:47.594
it continues to grow every day.

0:55:49.119,0:55:52.312
The moment when love stops growing,

0:55:52.468,0:55:54.658
it begins to die.

0:55:57.626,0:56:01.333
We have witnessed[br]the death of love several times.

0:56:01.556,0:56:04.405
Love turning into hate and anger

0:56:05.006,0:56:09.139
because you don't know[br]how to feed your love.

0:56:11.494,0:56:14.860
The Buddha said that[br]nothing can survive without food.

0:56:18.124,0:56:20.533
Our depression also.

0:56:21.104,0:56:23.426
If our depression continues,

0:56:23.626,0:56:27.036
it is because we keep[br]feeding our depression.

0:56:32.440,0:56:36.593
If we know how to[br]stop feeding our depression,

0:56:36.793,0:56:39.079
our depression will have to die,

0:56:39.392,0:56:41.630
it will go away.

0:56:42.533,0:56:44.537
The same thing is true with our love.

0:56:44.909,0:56:48.176
If we do not know[br]how to feed our love daily,

0:56:48.806,0:56:50.964
it will stop growing,

0:56:51.131,0:56:53.626
it will die, slowly.

0:56:54.935,0:56:57.068
That is why

0:57:02.759,0:57:07.585
to practice in order to help our love[br]to grow every day

0:57:10.998,0:57:15.487
is to guarantee happiness,[br]continued happiness.

0:57:21.359,0:57:25.329
With the practice[br]of upeksa, inclusiveness,

0:57:26.092,0:57:29.664
your love continues to grow every day.

0:57:29.833,0:57:31.920
It begins with two persons,

0:57:32.644,0:57:35.233
but as you are happy [br]in that true love,

0:57:35.438,0:57:39.489
your love very soon[br]includes a third, a fourth person.

0:57:42.216,0:57:44.794
You don't discriminate anymore.

0:57:46.063,0:57:48.412
You don't love a person

0:57:48.613,0:57:52.912
just because she comes[br]from the same country,

0:57:54.500,0:57:59.031
because she follows[br]the same religious belief.

0:58:00.297,0:58:04.757
There is no discrimination whatsoever[br]in true love.

0:58:05.530,0:58:08.341
Everyone will be[br]included in your love.

0:58:08.564,0:58:13.284
Your love continues to grow[br]and embraces everyone,

0:58:13.418,0:58:15.627
not only humans,

0:58:15.813,0:58:19.162
but also animals, plants and minerals.

0:58:19.461,0:58:24.715
That is the love of a great being.

0:58:27.985,0:58:35.038
Including everything,[br]that is upeksa.

0:58:39.571,0:58:43.197
The practice of true love[br]has to be taught in school.

0:58:48.889,0:58:54.269
Schoolteachers should embody true love.

0:59:27.433,0:59:41.001
(4. Practicing Loving Speech[br]and Deep Listening)

0:59:43.196,0:59:46.280
The fourth area of the practice

0:59:46.520,0:59:50.016
is the practice of loving speech

0:59:50.253,0:59:54.358
and deep listening.

0:59:55.630,0:59:59.326
This is the fourth mindfulness training.

1:00:00.085,1:00:04.524
Yesterday we spoke a little[br]about that practice already.

1:00:08.233,1:00:11.280
If we know how to use loving speech,

1:00:13.006,1:00:17.729
if we can talk lovingly[br]and compassionately to another person,

1:00:18.423,1:00:21.192
that person will open her heart

1:00:21.367,1:00:25.736
and tell us about the suffering,[br]the difficulties that she has.

1:00:28.597,1:00:31.671
If you know how to[br]listen with compassion,

1:00:33.984,1:00:37.523
then you can restore communication

1:00:38.690,1:00:41.627
and bring about reconciliation.

1:00:45.901,1:00:48.862
In the case of schoolteachers,

1:00:49.095,1:00:53.620
this practice should be done[br]with the people in the family first.

1:00:58.735,1:01:03.449
When we have succeeded[br]with the members of our family,

1:01:03.862,1:01:06.792
we can bring the practice to the school.

1:01:08.181,1:01:12.330
If we have difficulties[br]with our colleagues,

1:01:13.625,1:01:18.229
then we can[br]restore communication and reconcile.

1:01:20.303,1:01:24.167
Finally, we can bring that[br]into our school.

1:01:28.647,1:01:30.779
Without these practices,

1:01:30.994,1:01:33.971
teachers can make students suffer

1:01:34.370,1:01:37.941
and students can make[br]teachers suffer.

1:01:38.784,1:01:43.439
There is a gap[br]between the two generations.

1:01:51.884,1:01:53.600
We can imagine

1:01:54.784,1:01:57.856
teachers and students sitting together,

1:01:58.240,1:02:02.278
talking to each other about[br]the suffering they have gone through.

1:02:05.765,1:02:09.641
Teachers have to be able[br]to tell the students:

1:02:10.933,1:02:13.241
"I know you have suffered.

1:02:13.475,1:02:17.094
I know you may have[br]difficulties in your family."

1:02:18.098,1:02:19.893
And so on.

1:02:20.140,1:02:23.153
"If you don't make[br]much progress in your studies,

1:02:23.552,1:02:27.113
it is due to these difficulties.

1:02:27.514,1:02:30.308
So please, tell me, tell us."

1:02:32.046,1:02:36.370
The whole class can sit[br]and listen with compassion.

1:02:37.507,1:02:40.812
That will transform the students.

1:02:42.442,1:02:46.707
Because other students[br]may have the same kind of suffering.

1:02:49.169,1:02:50.946
It would be lovely

1:02:51.212,1:02:53.244
if schoolteachers can sit down

1:02:53.410,1:02:58.291
and listen to the suffering[br]of their own students.

1:03:00.224,1:03:03.120
We should have the time to do it.

1:03:09.464,1:03:14.092
Last week, in a retreat at Madrid,

1:03:14.957,1:03:18.836
during a session[br]of questions and answers,

1:03:19.427,1:03:24.894
a boy of 11 came up[br]and asked a question.

1:03:26.090,1:03:31.944
He suffered, he begins to have[br]difficulties in sleeping.

1:03:33.080,1:03:36.506
He blamed everything on his mother.

1:03:43.464,1:03:47.448
I believe that all mothers want[br]their sons and daughters to be happy.

1:03:47.856,1:03:49.765
They have a plan,

1:03:49.958,1:03:53.794
they have ideas as how their sons[br]and daughters can be happy.

1:03:54.010,1:03:57.712
They just deliver that kind of message.

1:04:00.635,1:04:02.361
The boy suffered,

1:04:02.453,1:04:05.032
even when his mother[br]said goodnight.

1:04:05.213,1:04:08.964
Why do you suffer[br]when your mother says goodnight?

1:04:09.155,1:04:11.825
Because your mother[br]may mean by "Goodnight":

1:04:12.957,1:04:15.804
"Don't stay up late,

1:04:15.999,1:04:18.701
don't play electronic games!"

1:04:18.877,1:04:22.438
There is a blaming[br]in that kind of things.

1:04:23.742,1:04:28.190
The relationship between mother and son[br]has become difficult.

1:04:29.006,1:04:30.633
So he came up,

1:04:30.803,1:04:34.290
and in front of 600 people[br]he asked the question:

1:04:34.475,1:04:36.037
"Dear Thay,

1:04:36.258,1:04:39.851
I start having difficulties in sleeping.

1:04:40.128,1:04:42.803
My mother is always like that,

1:04:43.667,1:04:46.816
imposing things on me."

1:04:47.616,1:04:49.458
And so on.

1:04:50.803,1:04:54.571
The mother believes that[br]she is acting out of love.

1:04:54.760,1:04:59.164
She is prescribing the right thing[br]for his son to do.

1:05:00.658,1:05:03.191
Like a teacher.

1:05:08.348,1:05:14.321
But the way she does it,

1:05:15.388,1:05:17.843
did not work.

1:05:18.877,1:05:24.903
Because she does not feel[br]well in herself.

1:05:26.643,1:05:29.349
So I answered the boy:

1:05:30.425,1:05:34.980
"You know that mothers have[br]their own difficulties and suffering.

1:05:37.065,1:05:41.161
You believe that[br]you are the only one who suffers.

1:05:41.491,1:05:43.321
But you don't know

1:05:43.508,1:05:46.110
that your mother[br]has difficulties and suffering also.

1:05:46.284,1:05:48.832
You have not had the time

1:05:49.068,1:05:52.580
to think about the difficulties[br]and suffering of your mother.

1:05:52.755,1:05:55.335
You have not helped[br]your mother to suffer less.

1:05:55.486,1:05:57.781
In fact,[br]you have reacted in such a way

1:05:57.988,1:06:01.130
that makes your mother suffer more.

1:06:02.499,1:06:05.997
Please, think about her, her suffering,

1:06:06.182,1:06:09.073
and not just your suffering.

1:06:10.836,1:06:14.338
You should go and ask your mother

1:06:15.133,1:06:19.321
what kind of suffering[br]she is undergoing,

1:06:19.717,1:06:23.577
what kind of difficulties[br]she has in herself.

1:06:25.718,1:06:27.455
Maybe she does not know

1:06:27.632,1:06:29.687
how to handle the suffering in herself.

1:06:29.879,1:06:31.386
That is why,

1:06:31.544,1:06:34.021
the way she tells you[br]what to do and not to do

1:06:34.254,1:06:36.510
makes you irritated."

1:06:36.671,1:06:41.573
Why I was giving that answer[br]to the young men?

1:06:41.772,1:06:45.273
Many mothers down there were crying.

1:06:46.090,1:06:49.802
Because we, mothers,[br]we also have our own suffering.

1:06:49.970,1:06:53.305
And our sons and daughters[br]do not know that we suffer.

1:06:53.508,1:06:55.637
They just blame us.

1:07:01.251,1:07:04.295
Your students, they suffer.

1:07:05.170,1:07:07.994
They have difficulties[br]with their mother,

1:07:08.296,1:07:11.362
their father and so on.

1:07:15.170,1:07:18.343
Talking to them[br]showing them the practice,

1:07:18.630,1:07:21.227
can help them to suffer less.

1:07:21.633,1:07:24.172
And you can do better.

1:07:25.120,1:07:27.653
Because these young people,

1:07:28.018,1:07:30.636
when they have overcome the difficulties,

1:07:30.636,1:07:34.014
when they have understood[br]the suffering of their parents,

1:07:34.134,1:07:35.972
they go back and help their parents.

1:07:37.994,1:07:43.157
We have organized retreats[br]of mindfulness for young people.

1:07:45.886,1:07:49.510
In Europe, in America, in Asia.

1:07:50.242,1:07:52.536
And many young people

1:07:52.775,1:07:55.748
get transformation and healing[br]during the retreat.

1:07:56.186,1:08:00.149
When they went home,[br]they helped their parents

1:08:01.319,1:08:09.363
and they were able to restore[br]communication with their parents,

1:08:10.588,1:08:14.813
and many of them are able[br]to invite their parents to join a retreat.

1:08:15.638,1:08:18.396
Schoolteachers can do the same.

1:08:18.870,1:08:22.307
We can help students to suffer less,

1:08:23.166,1:08:25.085
to understand,

1:08:25.296,1:08:26.995
to suffer less.

1:08:27.213,1:08:29.510
And that student can go home

1:08:29.714,1:08:33.460
and help his parents[br]to suffer less also.

1:08:34.654,1:08:39.229
This has been possible[br]with the practice of mindfulness.

1:08:46.720,1:08:48.360
(Bell)

1:08:49.370,1:08:50.984
(Bell)

1:08:54.113,1:09:00.173
(Bell)

1:09:22.519,1:09:26.121
A retreat of mindfulness[br]usually lasts 6 days.

1:09:26.584,1:09:30.289
Our retreat has only 2 days and a half.

1:09:32.348,1:09:35.181
During the first 3, 4 days

1:09:39.267,1:09:49.400
we learn how to water the seeds[br]of understanding and compassion in us.

1:09:50.217,1:09:56.167
We learn how to calm down[br]our emotions and feelings.

1:09:57.901,1:10:03.285
We try to touch the wonders of life,[br]refreshing and healing,

1:10:03.545,1:10:05.830
to heal ourselves.

1:10:06.576,1:10:08.384
And that is why

1:10:08.580,1:10:10.836
on the 5th day[br]we can put into practice

1:10:11.026,1:10:16.616
the teaching of[br]deep listening and loving speech.

1:10:19.786,1:10:24.498
The miracle of reconciliation[br]always takes place in our retreats.

1:10:27.892,1:10:30.505
If the other person is in the retreat

1:10:30.685,1:10:32.994
that will be easy.

1:10:33.296,1:10:37.125
Because he or she has been exposed[br]to the teachings and the practice.

1:10:38.187,1:10:43.097
The seeds of understanding and compassion[br]have been watered

1:10:43.478,1:10:45.325
by the Dharma talks,

1:10:45.557,1:10:49.418
by the practice of mindful breathing[br]and looking deeply.

1:10:50.799,1:10:53.550
But if the other person[br]is not in the retreat

1:10:53.691,1:10:58.281
you can use your[br]portable telephone to practice.

1:10:58.977,1:11:06.472
Usually, we encourage[br]the people to do it

1:11:09.734,1:11:14.209
before the end of the retreat.

1:11:14.678,1:11:21.320
They have until midnight of the 5th day[br]in order to do it.

1:11:22.049,1:11:24.725
Many people have used the telephone

1:11:24.885,1:11:26.961
and it works very well.

1:11:27.135,1:11:30.992
Many people report[br]on the last day of the retreat

1:11:31.476,1:11:36.369
that the night before have telephoned[br]their parents, their partner,

1:11:37.789,1:11:43.158
using the techniques of[br]compassionate listening and loving speech,

1:11:44.886,1:11:47.585
restore communication and reconcile.

1:11:48.766,1:11:53.021
So the miracle of reconciliation[br]always takes place in our retreats.

1:11:54.649,1:11:58.176
And this can be done in the classroom.

1:12:03.242,1:12:06.840
I believe that, as schoolteachers,

1:12:07.016,1:12:08.878
we have to tell our students

1:12:09.089,1:12:12.244
about our difficulties[br]and our suffering.

1:12:13.047,1:12:15.337
Schoolteachers do suffer

1:12:16.608,1:12:20.786
and we have the right[br]to tell our students about that.

1:12:22.641,1:12:25.333
We can begin our class by saying

1:12:27.374,1:12:34.175
that in order to improve the quality[br]of the teaching and the learning,

1:12:40.881,1:12:44.334
so that the teachers[br]enjoy teaching

1:12:44.804,1:12:48.146
and the students enjoy learning,

1:12:49.477,1:12:52.410
we have to do something.

1:12:52.623,1:12:55.896
Otherwise, both sides will suffer.

1:12:56.063,1:12:59.309
So would you agree that we do something

1:12:59.985,1:13:04.002
in order for the schoolteachers[br]enjoy the teaching

1:13:04.369,1:13:06.878
and the students enjoy the learning?

1:13:07.012,1:13:10.376
Because the suffering in us[br]prevents us from doing so.

1:13:10.768,1:13:16.211
So I should tell you[br]my suffering, my difficulties

1:13:17.080,1:13:21.079
and you should also tell me[br]your difficulties, your suffering.

1:13:22.079,1:13:24.199
We should understand each other.

1:13:24.292,1:13:26.940
And after we have mutual understanding,

1:13:27.568,1:13:29.798
we don't blame each other any more,

1:13:29.934,1:13:32.769
we don't make it difficult[br]for each other any more,

1:13:32.909,1:13:40.312
and we can go more easily and quickly

1:13:40.943,1:13:44.973
on the path of teaching and learning.

1:13:53.003,1:13:56.752
There are many things[br]that we can do in the classroom

1:13:57.086,1:14:00.403
in order to help students[br]to suffer less.

1:14:01.959,1:14:08.635
Like schoolteachers leading sessions[br]of total, deep relaxation.

1:14:13.737,1:14:20.886
Because the young people have tension[br]in their body and in their feelings also.

1:14:23.953,1:14:27.206
A good student can also learn

1:14:27.334,1:14:32.843
how to lead a session of[br]total relaxation for the whole class,

1:14:34.693,1:14:36.732
lying on the grass

1:14:39.619,1:14:40.989
and so on.

1:14:46.732,1:14:48.686
If you notice

1:14:49.286,1:14:54.386
that a boy or a girl[br]suffers in the class,

1:14:56.229,1:14:59.412
she seems to be very upset,[br]her mind is not there,

1:14:59.606,1:15:02.470
how can she learn?

1:15:03.788,1:15:06.359
So we can address her

1:15:09.990,1:15:13.054
and ask what is wrong.

1:15:14.756,1:15:16.250
And she may say:

1:15:16.464,1:15:21.732
"My mother[br]was hospitalized this morning,

1:15:22.696,1:15:26.432
and I don't know[br]if she can survive or not."

1:15:26.822,1:15:30.962
With that kind of feeling,[br]how can she learn?

1:15:31.864,1:15:35.956
You cannot impose[br]your will on her.

1:15:42.758,1:15:46.253
So the teacher can address[br]the whole class and say:

1:15:46.416,1:15:56.653
"We have a student[br]whose mother is hospitalized

1:15:56.795,1:15:59.384
and she worries much about that.

1:15:59.492,1:16:01.553
Shall we, the whole class,

1:16:01.658,1:16:06.095
practice breathing together, mindfully?

1:16:08.667,1:16:12.383
We will send this energy[br]of mindfulness and compassion

1:16:12.508,1:16:14.625
to her mother."

1:16:15.925,1:16:19.449
Using that kind of[br]collective energy of mindfulness

1:16:19.509,1:16:25.055
generated by the breathing[br]done by teachers and other students,

1:16:25.790,1:16:33.870
you can help calm down that student

1:16:36.489,1:16:39.925
and she may be able to follow the class.

1:16:41.918,1:16:44.125
There are things like that

1:16:44.302,1:16:46.819
that schoolteachers can do.

1:16:48.989,1:16:52.940
There are[br]difficult elements in the class.

1:16:53.715,1:16:55.196
If we look deeply,

1:16:55.377,1:16:59.324
we will see why[br]that young man, young woman

1:16:59.818,1:17:02.592
behaves in that way.

1:17:02.989,1:17:06.033
If we have enough compassion to inquire,

1:17:06.215,1:17:08.014
we find out

1:17:08.137,1:17:10.723
and the whole class[br]may come and help.

1:17:12.490,1:17:14.354
So listening to each other

1:17:14.508,1:17:17.026
and understanding[br]the suffering of each other

1:17:22.440,1:17:27.248
we can calm down[br]the feelings, the emotions.

1:17:29.003,1:17:32.434
We can promote mutual understanding

1:17:33.639,1:17:36.184
and we don't make[br]each other suffer any more.

1:17:36.284,1:17:38.786
We make it easier for everyone

1:17:38.988,1:17:42.995
in the task of teaching and learning.

1:17:49.287,1:17:52.656
Henri, who was a[br]professor of mathematics

1:17:53.556,1:17:57.362
in the French school of Toronto,

1:17:57.786,1:18:00.366
after having spent[br]three weeks in Plum Village,

1:18:00.552,1:18:03.010
he went back to his school

1:18:03.162,1:18:06.278
and practiced mindfulness[br]with his students.

1:18:07.796,1:18:11.283
He walks slowly[br]and mindfully into the class.

1:18:12.115,1:18:16.224
He begins to erase what is[br]on the blackboard mindfully

1:18:16.584,1:18:17.953
and they say:

1:18:18.073,1:18:20.059
"Dear teacher,[br]are you sick?"

1:18:20.262,1:18:21.838
(Laughter)

1:18:21.940,1:18:23.747
He says: "No, I am not sick.

1:18:23.906,1:18:26.266
I just practice mindful walking,

1:18:26.356,1:18:27.803
mindful...

1:18:29.033,1:18:30.782
I enjoy that.

1:18:31.186,1:18:33.352
I feel a lot of peace.

1:18:33.595,1:18:37.466
I am very relaxed[br]because I have learned mindfulness.

1:18:38.581,1:18:42.269
Would you like me[br]to tell you what I did in Plum Village?"

1:18:42.971,1:18:44.894
And they listened.

1:18:46.406,1:18:50.625
They agreed that every 15 minutes,

1:18:51.356,1:18:56.269
a boy would clap his hands,

1:18:58.425,1:19:01.527
because they did not have[br]a bell of mindfulness,

1:19:01.745,1:19:03.800
and every one,[br]including the teacher,

1:19:03.976,1:19:06.631
would practice[br]mindful breathing and relax.

1:19:06.779,1:19:08.768
Stop the thinking.

1:19:10.789,1:19:14.730
And that helped[br]very much in the learning.

1:19:17.637,1:19:20.802
In the beginning,[br]it was like a play,

1:19:21.171,1:19:24.142
but finally it worked very well.

1:19:27.064,1:19:29.829
Transformation and healing took place

1:19:30.199,1:19:33.192
and the class made a lot of progress.

1:19:39.827,1:19:43.461
Other classes followed their example.

1:19:52.288,1:19:56.515
And when he came[br]to the age of retirement,

1:19:57.537,1:20:03.255
the administration asked him[br]to stay for a few more years.

1:20:05.035,1:20:08.802
He was able to bring the practice[br]of mindfulness into the school

1:20:08.980,1:20:13.278
and improve the quality[br]of teaching and learning in the school.

1:20:26.836,1:20:30.093
So the practice of loving speech[br]and deep listening

1:20:31.870,1:20:36.964
should create an atmosphere[br]of mutual understanding in the class

1:20:39.243,1:20:43.442
and the students will not[br]make it difficult for teachers.

1:20:46.243,1:20:50.626
The quality of teaching[br]and learning will be improved.

1:21:00.336,1:21:04.302
Mindfulness can be practiced[br]in the realm

1:21:06.954,1:21:13.233
of mindful consumption.

1:21:14.782,1:21:21.114
(5. Practicing Mindful Consumption)

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Our society is a society of consumption.

1:21:33.815,1:21:41.606
We believe that happiness[br]is to have enough money

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to buy whatever you want to buy.

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That is an idea about happiness.

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But we already know

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that true happiness[br]is made of understanding and love.

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You cannot buy understanding[br]and love in the supermarket.

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You have to generate these two things[br]by the practice.

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This, again,[br]should be taught in the school.

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The first...

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The kind of...

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In the Buddhist tradition,

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we speak about[br]the four kinds of nutriments.

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Four kinds of food.

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Four kinds of consumption.

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First of all,

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there is the edible food.

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(edible food)

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That is the kind of food

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that we consume by the way of the mouth.

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Your health depends very much[br]on what you eat.

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We should eat in such a way

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that can preserve[br]compassion in our heart,

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helps living beings[br]to suffer less,

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and helps to protect our planet.

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The consumption of meat and alcohol

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has destroyed much of[br]our environment and our health.

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We have learned that eating meat[br]is more polluting than driving a car.

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The meat and alcohol industries[br]have caused a lot of damage

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to our environment.

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We have learned that[br]the amount of grain used to make alcohol

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and feed the livestock is huge.

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Tens of thousands of people die every day

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because of the lack of food.

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The Buddha told[br]the story of a young couple

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who tried to flee from their country

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to take refuge in another country.

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They brought their little boy with them.

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They had to cross a desert

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in order to go to the other country[br]to take political asylum.

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But they did not calculate well.

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Half way to the desert,[br]they ran out of food.

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They knew that[br]the three of them were going to die.

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So finally they made a terrible decision:

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to kill the little boy[br]and eat the flesh to survive,

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hoping to get out of the desert.

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So after having killed the boy,[br]they ate one morsel of that flesh

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and preserved the rest[br]on their shoulder, to dry.

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Every time after having eaten[br]a piece of that flesh

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they asked: "Where is now[br]our beloved little boy?"

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They pulled their hair,[br]they beat their chest,

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they suffered quite a lot.

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But finally they got out of the desert[br]and were accepted as refugees.

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The Buddha must have heard that story[br]directly from that couple.

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He told the people listening to him:

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"Dear friends,

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do you think that the couple

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enjoyed eating the flesh[br]of their little boy?"

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And they said: "No, dear teacher.

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It is impossible for you to enjoy[br]eating the flesh of your own boy."

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The Buddha then said:

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"In that case, my friends,

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let us eat in such a way

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that we will not eat the flesh[br]of our sons and daughters."

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The 40.000 children who die every day[br]because of the lack of food and nutrition,

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who are they?

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They are our sons and daughters.

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The amount of grain that is used[br]to make alcohol and meat

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should have been used[br]to save the lives of these children.

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So practicing eating[br]and drinking mindfully

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we can preserve our compassion,[br]protect life.

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If there is no compassion in our heart

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we cannot be a happy person.

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Our students can understand this.

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We learn that[br]if we can reduce the eating of meat

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and the drinking of alcohol[br]in the developed countries,

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we can already transform[br]the situation of the Earth.

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So stopping eating meat,[br]stopping drinking alcohol,

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or reducing it significantly,

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we can save our planet,[br]we can save lives,

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we can preserve our compassion.

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That is the first source of nutriment:

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edible food.

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(senses impressions)

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The second source of nutriment[br]is the sense impressions.

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You consume not only with your mouth,

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but with your eyes, ears,[br]nose, body, mind.

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When you read a newspaper,[br]you consume.

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When you watch television, you consume.

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When you listen to a conversation,[br]to music, you consume.

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And what you consume every day

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may contain a lot of poisons, toxins.

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That is not good for your health.

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Our children consume television[br]several hours a day.

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Many boys and girls spend[br]5 hours or more with electronic games.

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There is a lot of violence, craving[br]fear and anger

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in what they consume.

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So consuming that amount[br]of toxins and poisons

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will not be good[br]for our physical and mental health.

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Even psychotherapists,[br]they are supposed to help patients.

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But they spend a lot of time[br]listening to stories of suffering,

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a lot of despair, hate and sorrow.

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If psychotherapists[br]don't know how to practice

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generating joy, happiness,[br]compassion,

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they will lose their balance

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and they will get sick.

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We should know our limits

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so that we can continue for a long time

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in our efforts to help others.

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A conversation can also be highly toxic.

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What the other person tells you

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may be full of anger,[br]despair, violence.

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During the hour[br]you are listening to him or to her.

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you consume.

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That is not healthy for you.

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The young people are consuming[br]a lot of poisons and toxins

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including violence, fear,[br]despair and anger.

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That is why,

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in the family and in the classroom

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we have to discuss about the practice[br]of the fifth mindfulness training:

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mindful consumption.

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Mindful consumption is the way out.

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To ensure a physical and mental health

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you have to practice[br]mindfulness of consumption.

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When you watch a film,

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they stop the film[br]from time to time for advertisement.

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You consume advertisements.

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They want you to buy.

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That touches[br]the seed of craving in you.

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You don't need to buy,

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but they urge you to buy.

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And they think[br]that if you don't buy it,

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you don't have happiness.

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They make you believe

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that happiness is possible[br]when you have money to buy things.

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But that is not[br]a right view about happiness.

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True happiness is made of[br]understanding and love.

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Our students, our children[br]have to learn about true happiness.

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We should sit down[br]as a family, as a classroom,

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to discuss about[br]right, mindful consumption.

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There are articles[br]in the magazines, in the newspapers,

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that are full of anger, fear, violence.

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And journalists don't report enough[br]about the healthy things,

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like this retreat.

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(Laughter)

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It is not sensational[br]the breathing in and out,

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walking peacefully.

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The stories they cover[br]and the stories that we read

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always contain a lot of anger,[br]despair, violence and so on.

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That day was the day to commemorate[br]the death of Mahatma Gandhi.

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I was in New Delhi,

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and a newspaper,[br]The Times of India,

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invited me to be [br]guess editor of that day.

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A peace edition.

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So we brought[br]a number of monastics

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to come to the headquarters[br]of The Times of India

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and prepared a peace edition.

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That morning bad news came.

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There was a bombing in a city nearby.

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We and other editors[br]of The Times of India

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were sitting around a big table.

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They asked:

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"Dear Thay, what journalists[br]should do on a morning like this?

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Terrorist attacks, bombing."

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I advised everyone[br]to practice mindful breathing

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and calm down.

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We should not say something right away.

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We have to say it with calm inside.

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After a few minutes[br]of mindful breathing, I said:

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"Of course, we have to report the news.

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But we have to report in such a way,

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that we will not water[br]the seeds of anger, fear and violence.

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That would be destructive.

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We report about the truth,

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but help people to understand

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why people do things like these.

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They are victims of misunderstanding.

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They are motivated by anger, fear

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and the desire to punish.

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They don't see

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that people do not need punishment.

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They need help.

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We should report.

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But there is a way of reporting

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that can water the seeds[br]of understanding and compassion

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in the heart of the readers.

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So in that day,

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we tried to write a report[br]on the terrorist attack in such a way

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that helped people to know

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why people have done [br]such a thing to their own countrymen.

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When you read it you can see

1:38:43.497,1:38:46.176
that we water understanding[br]and compassion in you.

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If we consume without mindfulness,

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we get a lot of toxins and poisons

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and we get sick.

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Our family will get sick,[br]our city gets sick,

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our country gets sick.

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And we can easily[br]involve ourselves into a war.

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(volition)

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The third kind of nutriment[br]is volition.

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It means our aspiration,[br]our deepest desire.

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Each one of us wants to do[br]something with his life.

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Each one of us should have[br]the time to sit down

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and ask himself:

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What do I want to do with my life?

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What is my deepest aspiration?

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Because there are those who think

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that their deepest desire[br]is to have a lot of money,

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to be number one

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in their business.

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To have a lot of power, fame, and sex,

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sensual pleasures.

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But running after[br]these objects of craving

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can bring destruction[br]to our body and mind.

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So that is not[br]my deepest aspiration.

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The terrorists,

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what they want to do most[br]is to punish.

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They may believe that they do so[br]in the name of justice, of God.

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But it is motivated[br]by the desire to punish,

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to destroy.

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That is not good food.

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When you are motivated by anger,

1:41:14.667,1:41:16.973
by the desire to punish,

1:41:18.054,1:41:20.927
your nutriment is not healthy.

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But if you are motivated

1:41:24.662,1:41:28.791
by the desire to help[br]young people to suffer less,

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that is good nutriment.

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If your desire is to change the world[br]in a better direction,

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that is good food.

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If your desire is[br]to help people to suffer less,

1:41:47.709,1:41:50.126
to know how to practice true love,

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to promote mutual[br]understanding and reconciliation

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that is good food.

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When you have[br]that block of energy in you,

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you are strong enough

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to overcome[br]whatever obstacles on your path.

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So the third kind of nutriment

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is... (Vietnamese)

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The third kind of nutriment[br]is a source of energy.

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We have to find it out.

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If our deepest desire[br]is to protect the environment,

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to protect Mother Earth,

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that is a good desire,[br]that is good food.

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You have a good motivation.

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What you want to do with your life

1:42:50.827,1:42:54.045
is the third nutriment,[br]volition.

1:42:57.828,1:43:00.931
We have to help the young people

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to have a good aspiration,

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finding the meaning of life,

1:43:09.430,1:43:12.722
making their lives meaningful,

1:43:14.105,1:43:16.874
giving them a lot of energy

1:43:17.913,1:43:24.193
so that they have something meaningful[br]to do with their lives.

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If schoolteachers have it,

1:43:27.801,1:43:30.359
have that source[br]of energy in themselves,

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they can transmit it[br]to their students.

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I am also a teacher.

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Every day I transmit to my students,

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monastic and lay people,

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that kind of energy.

1:43:50.691,1:43:52.519
My students

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have a very simple life,

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specially the monastics.

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No one of them

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have a bank account.

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No one of them have a salary.

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No one of them have[br]a private home, private car.

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And yet,[br]they are happy people.

1:44:23.577,1:44:27.312
They spend time[br]building brotherhood, sisterhood,

1:44:27.530,1:44:29.520
a community of practice.

1:44:29.696,1:44:32.913
They have organized retreats[br]to help people to suffer less.

1:44:33.088,1:44:37.527
We operate not as individuals,

1:44:37.844,1:44:40.460
but as a community.

1:44:41.084,1:44:43.773
Joy, happiness, compassion,

1:44:45.286,1:44:48.501
are possible with a simple life,

1:44:48.938,1:44:53.924
provided that you have[br]a source of aspiration.

1:44:54.606,1:44:57.142
That is the third nutriment:

1:44:57.285,1:45:01.331
the ideal to serve and[br]to help people to suffer less.

1:45:01.796,1:45:04.658
So teachers should,[br]first of all,

1:45:05.157,1:45:07.770
have that kind of aspiration.

1:45:09.153,1:45:11.460
And then, they can[br]transmit to their students

1:45:11.648,1:45:14.196
the same kind of energy.

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When the students[br]have that kind of energy,

1:45:17.802,1:45:19.647
they suffer less.

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They know where to go.

1:45:22.773,1:45:25.106
In what direction to go

1:45:25.240,1:45:28.176
and not to destroy their body and mind

1:45:29.575,1:45:33.197
looking for sensual pleasures and so on.

1:45:39.353,1:45:43.815
The last source of nutriment[br]is consciousness.

1:45:50.828,1:45:56.856
(consciousness)

1:46:08.511,1:46:11.771
We consume our own consciousness.

1:46:12.760,1:46:16.177
There are good things[br]in our consciousness to consume.

1:46:20.271,1:46:23.398
In our consciousness there is a Hell.

1:46:24.755,1:46:28.622
There is also a Paradise,[br]the Kingdom of God.

1:46:30.720,1:46:32.886
In Buddhism,[br]we speak about consciousness

1:46:33.042,1:46:35.238
in terms of seeds.

1:46:42.193,1:46:46.491
(seeds)

1:46:51.456,1:46:55.053
There is a seed of love.

1:46:55.838,1:46:58.311
There is a seed of compassion,

1:46:58.432,1:47:02.250
the seed of joy, of happiness,

1:47:02.608,1:47:05.000
the seed of brotherhood, sisterhood,

1:47:05.154,1:47:06.939
forgiveness,

1:47:07.085,1:47:09.862
there are many good things[br]in our consciousness.

1:47:09.976,1:47:15.831
If we know how to water[br]the seeds every day,

1:47:16.588,1:47:18.797
they will grow.

1:47:19.077,1:47:20.988
The Paradise,

1:47:21.574,1:47:24.600
the Kingdom of God[br]will be for us to consume.

1:47:29.473,1:47:32.855
When you listen to a talk like this,

1:47:34.952,1:47:38.067
when you have a discussion[br]about compassion,

1:47:38.289,1:47:41.380
how to help people[br]to suffer less,

1:47:45.833,1:47:48.632
you water the good seeds in you.

1:47:50.064,1:47:51.954
It means that the Paradise,

1:47:52.067,1:47:54.724
the Kingdom of God[br]is in you.

1:47:55.588,1:47:58.388
You help it to manifest

1:47:58.841,1:48:02.162
for yourself and for your beloved ones.

1:48:02.786,1:48:05.723
But there is also Hell inside.

1:48:07.492,1:48:11.605
The suffering transmitted to us

1:48:11.715,1:48:14.650
by our parents and ancestors.

1:48:17.264,1:48:20.557
Suffering that has not been understood,

1:48:21.127,1:48:23.768
that has not been transformed

1:48:24.011,1:48:26.332
and that has been transmitted to you,

1:48:27.103,1:48:28.902
to us.

1:48:29.750,1:48:32.202
If we know the practice,

1:48:32.772,1:48:34.457
we can transform them.

1:48:34.595,1:48:36.196
Otherwise,

1:48:36.415,1:48:39.237
they are always there,[br]in our consciousness.

1:48:40.984,1:48:44.819
The sufferings of our ancestors[br]are still there, in us.

1:48:45.991,1:48:49.688
We continue to suffer[br]the suffering of our ancestors.

1:48:51.503,1:48:54.529
Their frustration,[br]their anger, their fear,

1:48:55.352,1:48:57.698
are still in us.

1:48:58.478,1:49:02.179
Also during our childhood[br]we may have suffered.

1:49:02.777,1:49:05.174
We may have been abused

1:49:06.096,1:49:09.480
with violence.

1:49:12.115,1:49:14.890
Many of us tend to go back

1:49:14.944,1:49:17.837
to that dark corner[br]in our consciousness

1:49:18.828,1:49:23.455
and experience again[br]the suffering of the past.

1:49:25.710,1:49:29.474
We know that life[br]in the present moment is wonderful.

1:49:30.141,1:49:31.768
The blue sky,

1:49:31.857,1:49:34.692
the beautiful trees.

1:49:36.113,1:49:39.005
Flowers, children.

1:49:39.498,1:49:42.203
But we are not capable

1:49:42.388,1:49:46.169
of being established[br]in the present moment.

1:49:47.032,1:49:50.625
Because we have a painful past.

1:49:51.075,1:49:56.090
Many of us are drawn back[br]to that dark corner of the past

1:49:56.748,1:49:59.275
and watch again and again

1:49:59.385,1:50:02.444
the projections[br]of the films of the past

1:50:02.925,1:50:07.414
in order to experience again[br]the suffering of the past.

1:50:07.971,1:50:10.503
That is a kind of prison.

1:50:12.767,1:50:14.381
If the other person,

1:50:14.511,1:50:18.078
if your partner uses to do that,

1:50:18.158,1:50:20.540
you have to help him or her to get out.

1:50:20.710,1:50:22.114
"Darling,

1:50:22.231,1:50:24.788
life is beautiful out here[br]in the present moment.

1:50:24.929,1:50:30.006
Why do you go always back[br]to that dark place?

1:50:30.734,1:50:32.832
That is only the past.

1:50:34.291,1:50:36.814
The past is already gone."

1:50:37.666,1:50:40.080
With mindfulness, with joy

1:50:40.202,1:50:42.862
you can help bring him or her

1:50:43.008,1:50:46.921
out of that dark corner[br]of consciousness.

1:50:49.676,1:50:52.433
Because there is a Paradise,

1:50:52.711,1:50:54.947
there is a Kingdom of God[br]in the present moment

1:50:55.136,1:50:56.881
for you to enjoy.

1:50:57.011,1:51:00.527
Why do you have[br]to go back to the past,

1:51:00.756,1:51:02.834
to that corner?

1:51:04.153,1:51:06.111
Of course,

1:51:06.199,1:51:10.708
psychotherapists are trying[br]to help us to do the same.

1:51:12.237,1:51:15.586
But if psychotherapists[br]can do it by themselves,

1:51:15.981,1:51:20.210
then they can help[br]their patients to do the same.

1:51:22.871,1:51:24.806
Then,

1:51:26.509,1:51:29.484
there is the collective consciousness.

1:51:30.479,1:51:32.573
As food.

1:51:33.439,1:51:37.271
We know that there are[br]very angry groups of people.

1:51:43.169,1:51:46.065
Full of despair, and violence,

1:51:46.235,1:51:48.239
and anger.

1:51:48.328,1:51:50.624
There are neighborhoods like that,

1:51:51.039,1:51:54.703
where children are born and grow.

1:51:56.825,1:52:03.348
Everyone in that neighborhood[br]is generating hate, anger,

1:52:04.349,1:52:07.534
fear, despair and violence every day.

1:52:07.905,1:52:10.228
And as you are born and grown in that,

1:52:10.455,1:52:12.349
you consume every day.

1:52:12.451,1:52:14.724
You cannot be a happy person

1:52:14.869,1:52:19.834
if you consume that collective energy[br]of hate, anger, violence.

1:52:22.281,1:52:25.381
If you happen to live[br]in that neighborhood,

1:52:26.478,1:52:28.507
you should wake up

1:52:28.650,1:52:32.031
and know that this is not[br]a healthy environment.

1:52:32.413,1:52:35.991
You have to pull out[br]as soon as possible

1:52:36.226,1:52:39.148
and look for[br]a healthier environment

1:52:39.214,1:52:42.142
to heal yourself[br]and help heal your children.

1:52:43.913,1:52:46.227
Because you do not want to consume

1:52:46.373,1:52:49.480
that collective energy[br]of anger and hate.

1:52:53.770,1:52:56.380
After having practiced[br]and healed ourselves

1:52:56.484,1:53:00.251
we can come back[br]as a community to help.

1:53:01.520,1:53:03.798
But not before.

1:53:07.339,1:53:11.082
I think that as a minister of environment,

1:53:11.320,1:53:16.408
a minister of education,

1:53:20.452,1:53:22.878
taking care of urbanism,

1:53:23.034,1:53:26.480
we have to meditate on these matters.

1:53:26.610,1:53:30.861
How to transform[br]these violent neighborhoods,

1:53:31.352,1:53:33.797
full of fear and anger.

1:53:33.944,1:53:36.864
What kind of practice[br]can help to heal.

1:53:36.993,1:53:39.814
This is a very important issue.

1:53:45.360,1:53:48.505
To create a community

1:53:49.802,1:53:53.081
where there is brotherhood, [br]sisterhood and joy,

1:53:54.882,1:53:58.046
is to create a healthy environment.

1:53:58.183,1:54:00.616
That is the most wonderful thing.

1:54:00.830,1:54:04.301
If you put yourself in that atmosphere,

1:54:04.864,1:54:11.253
if your children have the opportunity[br]to live in such a healthy atmosphere,

1:54:11.378,1:54:14.799
they will grow up as happy people.

1:54:15.242,1:54:18.681
So community building[br]is very important.

1:54:23.044,1:54:25.383
Belonging to a group of people,

1:54:25.514,1:54:29.004
we try to practice in such a way

1:54:29.821,1:54:32.544
that shows the people how to consume.

1:54:34.513,1:54:36.368
We should not allow ourselves

1:54:36.520,1:54:38.944
to consume the collective[br]energy of anger.

1:54:39.112,1:54:41.315
That is not good for our health,

1:54:41.436,1:54:43.961
for the health of our nation.

1:54:46.334,1:54:49.958
We should have compassion[br]and understanding.

1:54:50.759,1:54:52.674
That will heal us

1:54:52.878,1:54:57.777
and help heal the people[br]whom we think to be our enemies.

1:55:04.415,1:55:08.606
We know that if we have[br]enough peace, joy and compassion,

1:55:09.022,1:55:11.597
we can serve many people.

1:55:11.771,1:55:13.724
We don't need

1:55:14.580,1:55:20.019
to think of divorce,[br]separation, anymore.

1:55:20.800,1:55:25.034
We don't need to establish[br]a separate country anymore.

1:55:25.891,1:55:30.187
Because there is enough compassion,[br]understanding and happiness.

1:55:33.918,1:55:37.754
If we are thinking[br]of divorcing, separating,

1:55:38.381,1:55:41.940
setting up a separate nation,

1:55:42.856,1:55:46.401
it is because we do not have[br]enough compassion,

1:55:47.329,1:55:50.061
understanding,[br]brotherhood and sisterhood,

1:55:50.197,1:55:52.327
joy and happiness.

1:55:52.464,1:55:56.029
With the practice of mindfulness[br]we will have enough of these things

1:55:56.288,1:56:01.040
and we don't have[br]to think about other things.

1:56:04.805,1:56:07.108
So the five mindfulness trainings

1:56:07.261,1:56:12.337
are the very concrete expression

1:56:13.292,1:56:15.734
of the practice of mindfulness.

1:56:16.082,1:56:19.459
If we ourselves,[br]and the young people

1:56:19.631,1:56:24.572
live according to[br]the five practices of mindfulness,

1:56:24.681,1:56:29.397
then happiness is possible,[br]compassion is possible,

1:56:29.628,1:56:32.660
healing is possible.

1:56:33.980,1:56:39.574
A schoolteacher should embody

1:56:39.899,1:56:42.672
that kind of mindful living,

1:56:42.844,1:56:45.622
that kind of compassion[br]and understanding.

1:56:46.036,1:56:52.686
They will help[br]the young generation tremendously

1:56:53.151,1:56:56.049
in their transformation and healing.

1:56:58.182,1:57:00.959
We will continue tomorrow.

1:57:04.466,1:57:06.282
(Bell)

1:57:09.669,1:57:16.554
(Bell)

1:57:29.349,1:57:36.115
(Bell)

1:57:50.639,1:57:57.287
(Bell)