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DNA je věnováno hodně 
pozornosti jako

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zdroji genetické informace, 
a tuto pozornost si zaslouží.

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Kdyby nebyla DNA, nebyl by způsob,

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jak zachovat informaci, 
díky které jsme takoví, jací jsme,

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a stejně to platí i pro jiné organismy.

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A DNA má mnoho elegantních vlastností,
může se replikovat...

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to probíráme podrobně v dalších videích.

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Takže DNA produkuje další DNA,

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tomu říkáme replikace.

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Ale pouze replikace sama o sobě nestačí

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pro opravdovou tvorbu organismu.

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Ke tvorbě organismu se musí
vzít informace z DNA

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a poté vytvořit strukturní molekuly,

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enzymy, transportní a signální molekuly,

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které skutečně udělají práci v organismu.

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A tento proces, první krok..

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tohle je opakovaní z předchozích videí...

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V prvním kroku se jde z DNA do RNA,

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konkrétně mediátorové RNA.

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Mediátorová RNA.

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A tento proces se nazývá transkripce.

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Transkripce.

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Tomu se budeme věnovat
podrobně v dalších videích.

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A potom se pokračuje s mediátorovou RNA,

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která se přemístí k ribozomům,

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kde tRNA připojuje aminokyseliny,
a ty tvoří proteiny.

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Takže se jde z mediátorové RNA
a poté ve spojení..

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tohle je vše ve spojení s tRNA
a aminokyselinami,

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takže napíšu "+tRNA" a "aminokysleiny".

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"Aminokyseliny" napíšu výraznější barvou,

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protože to bude hlavní téma tohoto videa.

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Takže s tRNA a aminokyselinami jste
schopni vytvořit proteiny.

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Jste schopni připravit proteiny,

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které se skládají z řetězců aminokyselin,

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a právě proteiny zastávají

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hodně práce v organismu.

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Proteiny, které jsou pouze 
řetězce aminokyselin,

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nebo někdy také

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více řetězců aminokyselin.

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Můžete si to představit...
Tohle je aminokyselina.

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Tohle je další aminokyselina.

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To je taky aminokyselina.

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Tohle je aminokyselina... 
mohli byste pokračovat.

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Tyto řetězce aminokyselin,

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podle vlastností různých aminokyselin

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a podle tvaru proteinu

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a podle jeho interakce s okolím,

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tyto proteiny mohou sloužit
spoustě různým účelům.

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Tvoří součásti imunitního systému,

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protilátky, slouží jako enzymy,

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mohou sloužit jako signální hormony,
jako například inzulin.

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Podílí se na svalové kontrakci.

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Aktin a myosin, na to máme zajímavé video.

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Transport kyslíku.

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Hemoglobin.

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Takže proteiny, tedy alespoň 
jak já na to nahlížím,

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dělají spoustu práce.

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DNA obsahuje informaci,

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ale spousta práce organismu je

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ve skutečnosti udělána proteiny.

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