[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:02.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eight US Sates are on land
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.03,0:00:03.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that used to belong to Mexico.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.08,0:00:05.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Welcome to History Lists.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.80,0:00:08.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's talk about things \Nused to be south of Texas.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.34,0:00:09.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Mayans.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.14,0:00:12.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These guys thrived\Nin the Yucatan Peninsula
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.25,0:00:13.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for over 1000 years
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.99,0:00:16.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Mayans are known\Nfor their advanced knowledge
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.30,0:00:17.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in astronomy and mathematics
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.99,0:00:21.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They understood the concept of zero\Ncenturies before Europeans did
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.16,0:00:23.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and developed the only writing system
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.11,0:00:25.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the pre-Columbian Americas.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.30,0:00:27.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their cities were complex.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.04,0:00:30.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Housing, schools, libraries,\Nhospitals, and even sport arenas.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.19,0:00:32.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What makes this all even more impressive
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.10,0:00:34.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that the Mayans didn't have\Nrivers, lakes or natural springs
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.92,0:00:36.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,providing the freshwater\Nthe people needed.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.92,0:00:39.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had to develop\Nan intricate series of channels
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.19,0:00:42.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and chill dunes in order\Nto redirect and store enough rain
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.06,0:00:43.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to keep things going.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.14,0:00:46.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Weirdly enough, by the time\Nthe Spanish showed up in "new" world
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.27,0:00:48.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were puzzled to find out\Nthat many of these great cities
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.15,0:00:49.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had already been abandoned.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.37,0:00:51.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even today we are still not sure\Nwhat happened
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.40,0:00:53.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it seems likely that disease\Ncoupled with drought
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.78,0:00:55.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the abuse of their environment
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.24,0:00:57.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,led to their civilizations's collapse.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.04,0:00:58.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Number 2: let's talk about some Aztecs.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.91,0:01:00.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These people call themselves the Mexica
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.86,0:01:02.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is where the country of Mexico
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.67,0:01:04.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would eventually get it's name.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.16,0:01:06.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They built their society on top of chinampas
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.19,0:01:08.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are manmade islands\Nheld together by roots,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.40,0:01:11.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stakes, lake sediments\Nand probably feces.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.72,0:01:14.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like the Mayans they enjoyed\Ndeveloping chocolate,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.41,0:01:16.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sacrificing humans to their gods\Nand playing yulama
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.73,0:01:19.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was a sport that often\Nended in injury or death
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.51,0:01:21.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and was possibly even used\Nto resolveconflits
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.89,0:01:23.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead rather than going to war.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.92,0:01:26.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They ruled over five million people\Nin their empire
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.35,0:01:27.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that stretched from coast to coast
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.88,0:01:29.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they demanded a lot of tribute.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.92,0:01:31.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were not super beloved\Nby all their subjects
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.92,0:01:33.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when Cortez rolled in
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.34,0:01:35.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he was able to turn much\Nof their empire against them.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.78,0:01:38.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Aztecs were hit \Nwith a civilization triple-whammy:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.19,0:01:42.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,famine, smallpox, \Nand being betrayed from the inside.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.36,0:01:45.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm just saying that \Nsacrificing people a lot
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.18,0:01:47.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,might have backfired on them\N— just a possibility.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.90,0:01:50.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this paved the way\Nfor Spanish colonization.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.86,0:01:52.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tenochtitlan was raised to the ground
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.92,0:01:55.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and built over it was Nueva España\Nas new Captial.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.40,0:01:56.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mexico City.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.86,0:01:59.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since the Tenochtitlan were instrumental\Nin defeating the Aztecs,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.88,0:02:02.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Spanish allowed them\Nto keep their indigenous names
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.29,0:02:04.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some of their traditional\Nforms of government
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.66,0:02:06.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Other tribes did not fare so well.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.82,0:02:09.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eventually a catholic priest named\NMiguel Hidalgo y Costilla
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.83,0:02:11.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called the people of Nueva España to arms
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.55,0:02:13.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for their country's independence
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.40,0:02:15.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he was cptured and killed
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.01,0:02:16.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but even that didn't stop Mexico
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.70,0:02:19.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from becoming it's own constitutional monarchy in 1821.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.38,0:02:21.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Time for some revolution.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.86,0:02:24.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The country began to do pretty well
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.35,0:02:26.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,economically under a stable\Nyet super corrupt dictatorship
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.26,0:02:27.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by Porfirio Diaz.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.64,0:02:30.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet, native Americans\Nwho have been assimilated
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.08,0:02:31.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into Mexican society
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.69,0:02:33.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,became increasingly poor and angry,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.33,0:02:34.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as they were forced to grow cash crops
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.00,0:02:36.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they couldn't actually eat.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.23,0:02:38.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The rising middle class were also kind of pissed
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.21,0:02:39.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that their government had become pay-to-play
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.90,0:02:42.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and both groups joined together\Nto take the regime down.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.59,0:02:45.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They established a liberal democracy\Nafter overthrowing the dictator
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.93,0:02:48.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a wealthy idealist\Nnamed Francisco Madero
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.10,0:02:49.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was elected president
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.26,0:02:50.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm not going to sugarcoat
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.46,0:02:52.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he was assassinated pretty quickly
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.49,0:02:54.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before he could do anything.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.21,0:02:56.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mexican-American War
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.06,0:02:58.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the 1840's US president Polk
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.18,0:03:00.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had his eyes set on some Mexican territory.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.15,0:03:02.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When they turned his offer down to buy them,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.26,0:03:03.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he moved troops into the disputed zone
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.95,0:03:05.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between the Rio Grande and Nueces River.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.54,0:03:07.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mexico thought that was less than chill,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.62,0:03:09.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,given our recent annexation of Texas.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.42,0:03:11.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they responded by sending in a calvary
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.38,0:03:13.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and killing about 12 US soldiers.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.24,0:03:14.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That obviously meant war and the
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.86,0:03:16.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the US Army proceeded \Nto defeat Mexico
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.53,0:03:18.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,along pretty much the same route\Nthat Cortez had taken
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.76,0:03:20.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when fighting the Aztecs,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.20,0:03:21.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Mexico lost.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.77,0:03:24.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were forced to sell all of their land\Nand north of the Rio Grande
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.24,0:03:26.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for 15 million dollars,