[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:01.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,8 US Sates are on land that used to
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.91,0:00:03.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,belong to Mexico.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.37,0:00:05.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Welcome to History Lists. Let's talk about
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.80,0:00:07.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how things used to be south of Texas.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.70,0:00:10.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Mayans, these guys thrived in the
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.44,0:00:12.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yucatan Peninsula for over 1000 years
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.24,0:00:15.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Mayans are known for their advanced
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.43,0:00:17.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,knowledge in astronomy and mathematics
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.39,0:00:19.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They understood the concept of zero
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.15,0:00:20.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,centuries before Europeans did
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.99,0:00:22.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and developed the only writing system
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.75,0:00:25.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the pre-Columbian Americas.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.25,0:00:27.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their cities were complex. Housing schools
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.38,0:00:29.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,libraries, hospitals, and sport arenas.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.16,0:00:32.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What makes this all even more impressive
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.14,0:00:33.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that the Mayans didn't have lakes,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.95,0:00:35.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,springs or freshwater people needed
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.94,0:00:37.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They had to develop an intricate series of
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.100,0:00:39.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,channels and chill dunes in order to
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.84,0:00:42.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,redirect and store enough rain to keep
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.02,0:00:42.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things going.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.92,0:00:44.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Weirdly enough though by the time the
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.73,0:00:46.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Spanish showed up in "new" world they were
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.80,0:00:48.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,puzzled to find out that many of these
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.68,0:00:50.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,great cities had already been abandoned
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.54,0:00:52.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even today we are still not sure what
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.37,0:00:54.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,happened but it seems likely that
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.10,0:00:56.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,disease coupled with drought and the abuse
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.14,0:00:57.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of their environment led to their
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.78,0:00:58.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,civilizations collapse.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.94,0:01:00.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Number 2 let's talk about some Aztecs.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.88,0:01:02.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These people call themselves the Mexica
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.76,0:01:04.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is where the country of Mexico
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.56,0:01:06.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would eventually get it's name.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.05,0:01:07.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They built their society on top of
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.77,0:01:09.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,chinampas which are manmade islands held
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.68,0:01:11.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,together by roots, stakes, lake sediments,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.72,0:01:13.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and probably feces like the Mayans they
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.63,0:01:15.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enjoyed developing chocolate,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.20,0:01:17.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sacrificing humans to their gods and
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.03,0:01:18.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,playing yulama which was a sport that
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.87,0:01:20.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,often ended in injury or death and was
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.76,0:01:22.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,possibly even used to resolve between
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.59,0:01:24.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,states rather than going to war.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.12,0:01:26.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They ruled over five million people in
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.02,0:01:27.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their empire that stretched from
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.60,0:01:29.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,coast to coast and they demanded a lot
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.48,0:01:31.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of tribute. They were not super beloved
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.42,0:01:33.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by all their subjects and when Cortez
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.24,0:01:35.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rolled in he was able to turn much of
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.06,0:01:36.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their empire against them.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.35,0:01:38.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Aztecs were hit with a civilization
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.27,0:01:39.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,triple-whammy.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.38,0:01:41.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Famine, smallpox, and being betrayed from
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.34,0:01:42.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the inside.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.30,0:01:44.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm just saying that like sacrificing
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.26,0:01:46.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people a lot might have backfired on them.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.70,0:01:49.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this paved the way for Spanish
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.38,0:01:50.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,colonization.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.80,0:01:52.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tenochtitlan was raised to the ground
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.64,0:01:55.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and built over it was Nueva España as
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.22,0:01:57.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,new Captial. Mexico City.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.07,0:01:59.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since the Tenochtitlan were instrumental
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.13,0:02:00.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in defeating the Aztecs. They Spanish
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.98,0:02:02.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,allowed them to keep their indigenous
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.88,0:02:04.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,names and some of their traditional
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.66,0:02:06.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,forms of government.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.19,0:02:07.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Other tribes did not fare so well.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.92,0:02:09.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eventually a catholic priest named
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.61,0:02:11.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Migual Hidalgo y Costilla called the
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.48,0:02:13.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people of Nueva España to arms for their
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.51,0:02:15.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,country's independence and he was
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.32,0:02:17.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,captured and killed but hey even that
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.18,0:02:19.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,didn't stop Mexico from becoming it's own
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.20,0:02:20.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,constitutional monarchy in 1821.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.85,0:02:22.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Time for some revolution.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.58,0:02:24.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The country began to do pretty well
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.35,0:02:26.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,economically a stable yet super corrupt
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.26,0:02:28.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dictatorship by Porfirio Diaz yet the
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.45,0:02:30.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Native Americans who have been assimilated
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.48,0:02:32.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into Mexican society became increasingly
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.46,0:02:33.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,poor and angry.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.62,0:02:35.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As they were forced to grow cash crops
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.48,0:02:37.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they couldn't actually eat.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.01,0:02:39.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The rising middle class were also kind of
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.03,0:02:40.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pissed that their government had become
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.98,0:02:42.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pay-to-play and both groups joined
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.63,0:02:44.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,together to take the regime down.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.23,0:02:46.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They established a liberal democracy after
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.26,0:02:48.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,overthrowing their dictator and a wealthy
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.43,0:02:50.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,idealist named Francisco Madero was
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.19,0:02:52.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,elected president and I'm not going to
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.01,0:02:53.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sugarcoat it he was assassinated
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.62,0:02:55.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pretty quickly before he could do anything
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.67,0:02:57.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[singing tone] Mexican-American War
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.39,0:02:59.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the 1840's US president Polk had his
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.33,0:03:01.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eye set on some Mexican territory.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.06,0:03:03.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When they turned his offer down to buy
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.04,0:03:04.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,them he moved troops into the disputed
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.94,0:03:06.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,zone between the Rio Grande and Nueces
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.80,0:03:08.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,River. Mexico thought that was less than
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.75,0:03:10.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,chill, given our recent annexation of
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.61,0:03:11.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Texas.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.41,0:03:13.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They responded by sending in a calvary
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.29,0:03:14.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and killing about 12 US soldiers.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.98,0:03:16.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That obviously meant war and the
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.60,0:03:18.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,United States proceeded to defeat Mexico
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.62,0:03:20.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,along pretty much the same route that
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.55,0:03:22.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cortez had taken when fighting the Aztecs
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.58,0:03:23.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Mexico lost.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.64,0:03:25.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were forced to sell all of their
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.42,0:03:27.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,land north of the Rio Grande 15 million
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.69,0:03:28.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dollars.