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史上最大的腎結石超過一公斤

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直徑長達 17 公分

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病人可沒真的吞下
像椰子一樣大的石頭

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腎結石是在體內形成

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但不幸的是排出時會讓人非常疼痛

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腎結石是一團結晶體
可能在腎臟

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輸尿管

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膀胱

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或尿道形成

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00:00:36,846 --> 00:00:39,595
尿液裡包含了鈣

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00:00:39,595 --> 00:00:40,485
鈉

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鉀

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草酸鹽

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尿酸

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磷酸鹽

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如果這些粒子的含量過高

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或是尿液的酸鹼度太高

18
00:00:51,275 --> 00:00:56,635
這些粒子可能會聚在一起並結晶化

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除非把問題處理掉

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不然結晶會日以繼月逐年

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形成一顆讓人感覺得到的石頭

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草酸鈣結石最常這樣形成

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00:01:12,214 --> 00:01:16,657
八成的腎結石也是起因於草酸鈣

24
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少部分腎結石
是由磷酸鈣或尿酸形成

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00:01:21,938 --> 00:01:23,777
這種石頭有點不同

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因為它是由礦物磷酸銨鎂
或稱水磷鎂銨石形成

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可能由細菌感染引起

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極少數的結石可能是由遺傳疾病

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或某種藥物引起

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腎結石不移動的話
就可能不會被察覺

31
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當結石從腎跑進輸尿管

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尖銳的邊緣就會刮磨尿道

33
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嵌在這個組織的神經末梢

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便透過神經系統傳達劇痛的信號

35
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刮痕可能讓血流進尿液中

36
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可能伴隨的症狀有噁心

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嘔吐

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以及排尿時有灼熱感

39
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如果結石大到會阻塞排尿

40
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就可能引發感染或尿液逆流

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而傷害腎臟

42
00:02:21,253 --> 00:02:24,124
但大部分的腎結石不會太嚴重

43
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也不需要侵入性治療

44
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團塊直徑小於五公厘

45
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通常身體會自行排出

46
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醫生通常只會建議大量喝水

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加快過程

48
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也許服用止痛藥

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如果結石稍大
可以用甲型阻斷劑治療

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讓輸尿管的肌肉鬆弛

51
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石頭就會較易排出

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另一種稱為檸檬酸鉀的藥物

53
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可以藉由稀釋尿液的酸度
來分解石頭

54
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大至十公厘的中型結石

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00:03:06,197 --> 00:03:10,577
可以用超音波震碎

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體外震波碎石術
運用高強度脈衝

57
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將能量集中的超音波
直接聚焦在結石上

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這些脈衝在結石內製造震動

59
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和小泡泡來推擠結石

60
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這些力量共同將結石震碎

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結石就能比較容易從身體裡排出

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但是萬一石頭太大

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用音波震碎的效果就不太好

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所以有時候還是必須採取侵入性治療

65
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有種稱為支架的硬管子
可以放進輸尿管來擴張它

66
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光纖可傳送雷射脈衝來擊碎結石

67
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碎石可透過手術

68
00:03:59,360 --> 00:04:04,489
在病人背部或腹股溝
做切口取出

69
00:04:04,489 --> 00:04:07,901
那要怎麼避免腎結石開始形成呢？

70
00:04:07,901 --> 00:04:09,821
對於可能有結石的人

71
00:04:09,821 --> 00:04:12,470
醫生可能會建議他們多喝水

72
00:04:12,470 --> 00:04:15,651
稀釋草酸鈣和其他化合物

73
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避免日後變成讓人疼痛的結石

74
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飲食方面，像是洋芋片

75
00:04:21,878 --> 00:04:22,932
波菜

76
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大黃

77
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和甜菜都富含草酸鹽

78
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醫生可能會建議他們限制用量

79
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即使結石裡常含有鈣

80
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飲食中的鈣卻有益

81
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因為草酸鹽和鈣會在消化道中結合

82
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避免被吸收、進入腎臟

83
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即使得了腎結石，你也不孤單

84
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數據顯示患者日漸增加

85
00:04:48,913 --> 00:04:52,852
但是要打破世界紀錄
應該不會太快