[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.63,0:00:04.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,About 10 years ago, I took on the task\Nto teach global development
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.00,0:00:07.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Swedish undergraduate students.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.05,0:00:09.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was after having spent about 20 years
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.100,0:00:13.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,together with African institutions\Nstudying hunger in Africa,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.53,0:00:17.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I was sort of expected\Nto know a little about the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.47,0:00:20.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I started in our medical university,\NKarolinska Institute,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.00,0:00:24.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an undergraduate course\Ncalled Global Health.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.39,0:00:27.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when you get that opportunity,\Nyou get a little nervous.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.40,0:00:29.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I thought, these students coming to us
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.30,0:00:32.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually have the highest grade\Nyou can get in Swedish college systems --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.84,0:00:36.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I thought, maybe they know everything\NI'm going to teach them about.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.28,0:00:37.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I did a pre-test when they came.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.00,0:00:41.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one of the questions\Nfrom which I learned a lot was this one:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.73,0:00:45.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Which country has the highest\Nchild mortality of these five pairs?"
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.82,0:00:49.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I put them together,\Nso that in each pair of country,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.63,0:00:53.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one has twice the child\Nmortality of the other.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.45,0:00:57.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this means that\Nit's much bigger a difference
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.72,0:00:59.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the uncertainty of the data.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.42,0:01:01.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I won't put you at a test here,\Nbut it's Turkey,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.76,0:01:05.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is highest there, Poland,\NRussia, Pakistan and South Africa.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.00,0:01:08.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these were the results\Nof the Swedish students.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.68,0:01:12.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I did it so I got the confidence interval,\Nwhich is pretty narrow, and I got happy,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.61,0:01:15.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of course: a 1.8 right answer\Nout of five possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.42,0:01:18.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That means that there was a place\Nfor a professor of international health
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.00,0:01:20.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for my course.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.13,0:01:21.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.27,0:01:24.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But one late night,\Nwhen I was compiling the report,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.00,0:01:27.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I really realized my discovery.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.86,0:01:30.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have shown that Swedish top students
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.99,0:01:35.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,know statistically significantly less\Nabout the world than the chimpanzees.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.00,0:01:37.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.00,0:01:41.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the chimpanzee\Nwould score half right
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.25,0:01:44.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if I gave them two bananas\Nwith Sri Lanka and Turkey.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.14,0:01:47.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They would be right half of the cases.\NBut the students are not there.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.58,0:01:51.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem for me was not ignorance;\Nit was preconceived ideas.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.82,0:01:54.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I did also an unethical study
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.58,0:01:56.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the professors\Nof the Karolinska Institute,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.83,0:01:59.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that hands out\Nthe Nobel Prize in Medicine,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.22,0:02:01.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they are on par\Nwith the chimpanzee there.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.43,0:02:04.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.48,0:02:08.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is where I realized that\Nthere was really a need to communicate,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.68,0:02:11.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the data\Nof what's happening in the world
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.61,0:02:14.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the child health\Nof every country is very well aware.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.81,0:02:17.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We did this software\Nwhich displays it like this:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.75,0:02:19.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every bubble here is a country.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.56,0:02:24.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This country over here is China.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.60,0:02:25.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is India.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.62,0:02:27.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The size of the bubble is the population,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.91,0:02:31.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and on this axis here,\NI put fertility rate.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.71,0:02:33.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because my students, what they said
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.00,0:02:36.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they looked upon the world,\Nand I asked them,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.83,0:02:39.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What do you really\Nthink about the world?"
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.20,0:02:42.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, I first discovered\Nthat the textbook was Tintin, mainly.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.77,0:02:43.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.94,0:02:46.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they said, "The world\Nis still 'we' and 'them.'
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.48,0:02:49.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And 'we' is Western world\Nand 'them' is Third World."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.33,0:02:52.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"And what do you mean\Nwith Western world?" I said.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.92,0:02:54.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Well, that's long life and small family,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.92,0:02:57.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Third World is short life\Nand large family."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.06,0:03:00.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is what I could display here.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.46,0:03:03.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I put fertility rate here:\Nnumber of children per woman:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.86,0:03:06.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one, two, three, four,\Nup to about eight children per woman.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.00,0:03:11.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have very good data\Nsince 1962 -- 1960 about --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.37,0:03:13.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the size of families in all countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.43,0:03:14.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The error margin is narrow.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.82,0:03:16.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here, I put life expectancy at birth,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.70,0:03:19.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from 30 years in some countries\Nup to about 70 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.00,0:03:22.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And 1962, there was really\Na group of countries here
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.00,0:03:26.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was industrialized countries,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.28,0:03:28.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they had small families\Nand long lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.62,0:03:30.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these were the developing countries:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.66,0:03:33.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they had large families\Nand they had relatively short lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.76,0:03:37.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, what has happened since 1962?\NWe want to see the change.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.67,0:03:40.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are the students right?\NIs it still two types of countries?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.63,0:03:44.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or have these developing countries\Ngot smaller families and they live here?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.21,0:03:46.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or have they got longer lives\Nand live up there?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.71,0:03:48.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's see. We stopped the world then.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.58,0:03:51.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is all U.N. statistics\Nthat have been available.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.09,0:03:52.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here we go. Can you see there?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.61,0:03:55.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's China there, moving against\Nbetter health there, improving there.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.92,0:03:59.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All the green Latin American countries\Nare moving towards smaller families.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.59,0:04:02.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your yellow ones here\Nare the Arabic countries,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.04,0:04:05.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they get longer life,\Nbut not larger families.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.96,0:04:08.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Africans are the green here.\NThey still remain here.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.61,0:04:10.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is India; Indonesia\Nis moving on pretty fast.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.01,0:04:12.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.06,0:04:15.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the '80s here, you have Bangladesh\Nstill among the African countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.52,0:04:18.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now, Bangladesh --\Nit's a miracle that happens in the '80s:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.50,0:04:20.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the imams start to promote\Nfamily planning.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.00,0:04:22.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They move up into that corner.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.86,0:04:26.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in the '90s, we have\Nthe terrible HIV epidemic
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.09,0:04:29.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that takes down the life expectancy\Nof the African countries
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.72,0:04:32.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all the rest of them\Nmove up into the corner,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.00,0:04:37.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we have long lives and small family,\Nand we have a completely new world.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.94,0:04:41.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.88,0:04:49.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause ends)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.00,0:04:52.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me make a comparison directly
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.40,0:04:55.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between the United States\Nof America and Vietnam.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.36,0:04:56.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1964.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.54,0:05:00.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,America had small families and long life;
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.17,0:05:03.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Vietnam had large families\Nand short lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.32,0:05:04.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is what happens:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.02,0:05:09.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the data during the war indicate\Nthat even with all the death,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.00,0:05:12.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was an improvement\Nof life expectancy.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.18,0:05:15.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the end of the year,\Nthe family planning started in Vietnam;
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.16,0:05:16.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they went for smaller families.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.76,0:05:19.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the United States up there\Nis getting for longer life,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.67,0:05:20.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,keeping family size.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.80,0:05:23.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in the '80s now,\Nthey give up Communist planning
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.86,0:05:25.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they go for market economy,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.84,0:05:27.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it moves faster even than social life.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.87,0:05:30.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And today, we have in Vietnam
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.18,0:05:34.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the same life expectancy\Nand the same family size
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.87,0:05:37.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here in Vietnam, 2003,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.97,0:05:41.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as in United States, 1974,\Nby the end of the war.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.56,0:05:45.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we don't look in the data,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.83,0:05:48.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think we all underestimate\Nthe tremendous change in Asia,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.00,0:05:53.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was in social change\Nbefore we saw the economical change.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.79,0:05:57.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's move over to another way here\Nin which we could display
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.00,0:06:01.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the distribution\Nin the world of the income.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.90,0:06:05.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the world distribution\Nof income of people.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.50,0:06:09.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One dollar, 10 dollars\Nor 100 dollars per day.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.07,0:06:14.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's no gap between rich\Nand poor any longer. This is a myth.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.44,0:06:16.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a little hump here.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.12,0:06:18.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there are people all the way.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.00,0:06:22.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if we look where the income ends up,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.00,0:06:27.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is 100 percent\Nthe world's annual income.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.35,0:06:29.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the richest 20 percent,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.83,0:06:33.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they take out of that about 74 percent.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.73,0:06:38.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the poorest 20 percent,\Nthey take about two percent.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.91,0:06:41.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this shows that the concept\Nof developing countries
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.84,0:06:43.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is extremely doubtful.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.22,0:06:44.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We think about aid,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.00,0:06:48.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like these people here giving aid\Nto these people here.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.97,0:06:51.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in the middle, we have\Nmost of the world population,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.63,0:06:54.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they have now\N24 percent of the income.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.75,0:06:58.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We heard it in other forms.\NAnd who are these?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.54,0:07:02.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where are the different countries?\NI can show you Africa.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.97,0:07:04.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is Africa.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.12,0:07:07.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,10% the world population, most in poverty.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.81,0:07:09.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is OECD.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.85,0:07:12.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The rich country.\NThe country club of the U.N.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.45,0:07:17.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they are over here on this side.\NQuite an overlap between Africa and OECD.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.89,0:07:19.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is Latin America.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.27,0:07:22.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has everything on this Earth,\Nfrom the poorest to the richest
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.64,0:07:23.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Latin America.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.92,0:07:26.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And on top of that,\Nwe can put East Europe,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.96,0:07:30.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can put East Asia,\Nand we put South Asia.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.37,0:07:33.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And how did it look like\Nif we go back in time,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.53,0:07:35.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to about 1970?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.45,0:07:37.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then there was more of a hump.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.15,0:07:42.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we have most who lived\Nin absolute poverty were Asians.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.59,0:07:45.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem in the world\Nwas the poverty in Asia.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.80,0:07:48.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if I now let the world move forward,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.00,0:07:51.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you will see that\Nwhile population increases,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.77,0:07:54.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are hundreds of millions\Nin Asia getting out of poverty
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.87,0:07:57.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some others getting into poverty,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.10,0:07:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is the pattern we have today.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.02,0:08:01.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the best projection\Nfrom the World Bank
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.12,0:08:02.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that this will happen,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.88,0:08:04.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we will not have a divided world.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.93,0:08:06.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll have most people in the middle.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.85,0:08:08.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course it's a logarithmic scale here,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.78,0:08:12.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but our concept of economy\Nis growth with percent.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.32,0:08:17.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We look upon it as a possibility\Nof percentile increase.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.39,0:08:22.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If I change this, and take GDP per capita\Ninstead of family income,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.34,0:08:26.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I turn these individual data
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.09,0:08:29.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into regional data\Nof gross domestic product,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.16,0:08:31.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I take the regions down here,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.48,0:08:33.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the size of the bubble\Nis still the population.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.75,0:08:36.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you have the OECD there,\Nand you have sub-Saharan Africa there,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.97,0:08:38.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we take off the Arab states there,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.00,0:08:42.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,coming both from Africa and from Asia,\Nand we put them separately,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.00,0:08:47.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we can expand this axis,\Nand I can give it a new dimension here,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.00,0:08:51.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by adding the social values\Nthere, child survival.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.39,0:08:53.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now I have money on that axis,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.57,0:08:56.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I have the possibility\Nof children to survive there.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.29,0:09:00.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In some countries, 99.7% of children\Nsurvive to five years of age;
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.46,0:09:02.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,others, only 70.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.21,0:09:05.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here, it seems,\Nthere is a gap between OECD,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.31,0:09:08.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Latin America, East Europe, East Asia,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.58,0:09:12.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Arab states, South Asia\Nand sub-Saharan Africa.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.49,0:09:17.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The linearity is very strong\Nbetween child survival and money.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.40,0:09:20.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But let me split sub-Saharan Africa.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.44,0:09:25.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Health is there\Nand better health is up there.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.69,0:09:29.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can go here and I can split\Nsub-Saharan Africa into its countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.00,0:09:31.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when it burst,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.60,0:09:35.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the size of its country bubble\Nis the size of the population.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.27,0:09:37.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sierra Leone down there.\NMauritius is up there.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.84,0:09:39.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mauritius was the first country
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.93,0:09:43.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get away with trade barriers,\Nand they could sell their sugar --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.35,0:09:44.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they could sell their textiles --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.96,0:09:48.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on equal terms as the people\Nin Europe and North America.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.63,0:09:52.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a huge difference between Africa.\NAnd Ghana is here in the middle.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.13,0:09:54.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Sierra Leone, humanitarian aid.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.00,0:09:58.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here in Uganda, development aid.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.95,0:10:01.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here, time to invest;\Nthere, you can go for a holiday.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.50,0:10:04.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a tremendous variation within Africa
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.88,0:10:07.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which we rarely often make\N-- that it's equal everything.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.00,0:10:11.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can split South Asia here.\NIndia's the big bubble in the middle.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.00,0:10:16.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But a huge difference\Nbetween Afghanistan and Sri Lanka.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.49,0:10:18.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can split Arab states. How are they?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.66,0:10:22.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Same climate, same culture,\Nsame religion -- huge difference.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.82,0:10:24.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even between neighbors.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.18,0:10:25.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yemen, civil war.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.52,0:10:29.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,United Arab Emirates, money,\Nwhich was quite equally and well used.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.89,0:10:31.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not as the myth is.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.40,0:10:34.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that includes all the children\Nof the foreign workers
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.59,0:10:36.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are in the country.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.28,0:10:40.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Data is often better than you think.\NMany people say data is bad.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.00,0:10:44.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is an uncertainty margin,\Nbut we can see the difference here:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.17,0:10:45.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cambodia, Singapore.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.55,0:10:48.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The differences are much bigger\Nthan the weakness of the data.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.55,0:10:53.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,East Europe: Soviet economy\Nfor a long time,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.22,0:10:56.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they come out after 10 years\Nvery, very differently.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.46,0:10:59.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there is Latin America.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.10,0:11:00.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, we don't have to go to Cuba
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.85,0:11:02.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to find a healthy country\Nin Latin America.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.93,0:11:07.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chile will have a lower child mortality\Nthan Cuba within some few years from now.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.59,0:11:10.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here, we have high-income\Ncountries in the OECD.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.67,0:11:14.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we get the whole pattern\Nhere of the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.40,0:11:16.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is more or less like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.47,0:11:21.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if we look at it, how the world looks,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.62,0:11:24.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in 1960, it starts to move.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.00,0:11:27.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is Mao Tse-tung.\NHe brought health to China.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.59,0:11:28.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then he died.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.75,0:11:31.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then Deng Xiaoping came\Nand brought money to China,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.48,0:11:33.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and brought them\Ninto the mainstream again.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.56,0:11:37.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we have seen how countries\Nmove in different directions like this,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.74,0:11:43.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it's sort of difficult to get\Nan example country
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.13,0:11:45.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which shows the pattern of the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.84,0:11:52.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I would like to bring you back\Nto about here, at 1960.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.08,0:11:56.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would like to compare
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.40,0:12:03.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,South Korea, which is this one,\Nwith Brazil, which is this one.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.19,0:12:05.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The label went away for me here.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.99,0:12:08.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I would like to compare Uganda,\Nwhich is there.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.69,0:12:12.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I can run it forward, like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.41,0:12:21.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can see how South Korea is making\Na very, very fast advancement,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.40,0:12:23.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whereas Brazil is much slower.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.00,0:12:30.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if we move back again, here,\Nand we put on trails on them, like this,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.36,0:12:33.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can see again\Nthat the speed of development
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.00,0:12:36.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is very, very different,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.84,0:12:43.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the countries are moving more or less\Nin the same rate as money and health,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.56,0:12:45.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it seems you can move much faster
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.46,0:12:48.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you are healthy first\Nthan if you are wealthy first.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.00,0:12:52.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to show that, you can put\Non the way of United Arab Emirates.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.00,0:12:55.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They came from here, a mineral country.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.88,0:12:58.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They cached all the oil;\Nthey got all the money;
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.23,0:13:00.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but health cannot be bought\Nat the supermarket.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.52,0:13:04.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have to invest in health.\NYou have to get kids into schooling.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.64,0:13:07.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have to train health staff.\NYou have to educate the population.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.80,0:13:10.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Sheikh Zayed did that\Nin a fairly good way.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.28,0:13:13.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In spite of falling oil prices,\Nhe brought this country up here.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.00,0:13:17.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we've got a much more mainstream\Nappearance of the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.00,0:13:20.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where all countries tend\Nto use their money
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.55,0:13:22.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,better than they used in the past.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.76,0:13:30.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, this is, more or less, if you look\Nat the average data of the countries --
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.75,0:13:32.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they are like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.42,0:13:35.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now that's dangerous, to use average data,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.79,0:13:39.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because there is such\Na lot of difference within countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.58,0:13:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if I go and look here,\Nwe can see that Uganda today
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.03,0:13:48.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is where South Korea was in 1960.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.00,0:13:52.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If I split Uganda, there's quite\Na difference within Uganda.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.69,0:13:54.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are the quintiles of Uganda.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.89,0:13:57.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The richest 20 percent\Nof Ugandans are there.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.10,0:13:58.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The poorest are down there.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.51,0:14:01.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If I split South Africa, it's like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.41,0:14:04.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if I go down and look at Niger,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.18,0:14:08.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where there was such\Na terrible famine, lastly, it's like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.84,0:14:11.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The 20 percent poorest\Nof Niger is out here,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.76,0:14:14.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the 20 percent richest\Nof South Africa is there,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.56,0:14:16.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and yet we tend to discuss
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.60,0:14:18.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on what solutions\Nthere should be in Africa.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.00,0:14:21.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything in this world exists in Africa.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.59,0:14:24.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can't discuss\Nuniversal access to HIV [medicine]
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.89,0:14:29.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for that quintile up here\Nwith the same strategy as down here.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:29.29,0:14:32.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The improvement of the world\Nmust be highly contextualized,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.85,0:14:36.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's not relevant to have it\Non regional level.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:36.80,0:14:38.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We must be much more detailed.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.07,0:14:42.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We find that students get\Nvery excited when they can use this.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.42,0:14:46.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even more, policy makers\Nand the corporate sectors
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.06,0:14:49.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would like to see\Nhow the world is changing.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.75,0:14:51.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, why doesn't this take place?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:51.46,0:14:53.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why are we not using the data we have?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.97,0:14:57.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have data in the United Nations,\Nin the national statistical agencies
Dialogue: 0,0:14:57.81,0:15:00.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in universities and other\Nnon-governmental organizations.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:01.00,0:15:03.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the data is hidden\Ndown in the databases.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.36,0:15:06.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the public is there,\Nand the Internet is there,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.32,0:15:08.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we have still not used it effectively.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.50,0:15:10.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All that information\Nwe saw changing in the world
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.00,0:15:14.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,does not include\Npublicly-funded statistics.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.16,0:15:16.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are some web pages\Nlike this, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:16.34,0:15:20.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they take some nourishment\Ndown from the databases,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.00,0:15:25.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but people put prices on them,\Nstupid passwords and boring statistics.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.00,0:15:27.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:15:27.41,0:15:28.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this won't work.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:28.61,0:15:31.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.44,0:15:33.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what is needed? We have the databases.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.88,0:15:35.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not the new database you need.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:35.69,0:15:39.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have wonderful design tools,\Nand more and more are added up here.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.44,0:15:42.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we started a nonprofit venture
Dialogue: 0,0:15:42.33,0:15:46.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which, linking data to design,\Nwe called Gapminder,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:46.73,0:15:48.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the London Underground,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:48.10,0:15:49.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where they warn you, "mind the gap."
Dialogue: 0,0:15:49.90,0:15:51.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we thought Gapminder was appropriate.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.87,0:15:56.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we started to write software\Nwhich could link the data like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:56.25,0:15:57.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it wasn't that difficult.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:57.82,0:16:01.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It took some person years,\Nand we have produced animations.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.39,0:16:03.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can take a data set and put it there.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:03.75,0:16:07.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are liberating U.N. data,\Nsome few U.N. organization.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:08.00,0:16:12.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some countries accept that\Ntheir databases can go out on the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.52,0:16:15.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what we really need is,\Nof course, a search function.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.62,0:16:19.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A search function where we can copy\Nthe data up to a searchable format
Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.00,0:16:21.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and get it out in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:21.76,0:16:24.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what do we hear when we go around?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.15,0:16:27.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've done anthropology\Non the main statistical units.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:27.18,0:16:30.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everyone says, "It's impossible.\NThis can't be done.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:30.33,0:16:32.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our information is so peculiar in detail,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:32.86,0:16:35.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that cannot be searched\Nas others can be searched.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:35.99,0:16:38.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We cannot give the data\Nfree to the students,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:38.37,0:16:40.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,free to the entrepreneurs of the world."
Dialogue: 0,0:16:41.26,0:16:44.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this is what we would\Nlike to see, isn't it?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:44.18,0:16:46.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The publicly-funded data is down here.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:46.62,0:16:49.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we would like flowers\Nto grow out on the Net.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:49.68,0:16:52.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one of the crucial points\Nis to make them searchable,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:52.87,0:16:57.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then people can use the different\Ndesign tool to animate it there.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:57.14,0:16:59.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I have pretty good news for you.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:59.60,0:17:01.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have good news that the present,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:01.82,0:17:04.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,new Head of U.N. Statistics,\Nhe doesn't say it's impossible.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:05.00,0:17:06.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He only says, "We can't do it."
Dialogue: 0,0:17:07.77,0:17:10.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:17:11.00,0:17:12.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's a quite clever guy, huh?
Dialogue: 0,0:17:13.00,0:17:14.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:17:15.00,0:17:18.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we can see a lot happening\Nin data in the coming years.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:19.00,0:17:23.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We will be able to look at income\Ndistributions in completely new ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:23.68,0:17:28.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the income distribution\Nof China, 1970.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:29.00,0:17:33.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the income distribution\Nof the United States, 1970.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:33.82,0:17:36.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Almost no overlap.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:36.89,0:17:38.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what has happened?
Dialogue: 0,0:17:38.67,0:17:40.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What has happened is this:
Dialogue: 0,0:17:40.38,0:17:43.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that China is growing,\Nit's not so equal any longer,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:43.37,0:17:46.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's appearing here,\Noverlooking the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:47.00,0:17:49.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Almost like a ghost, isn't it?
Dialogue: 0,0:17:49.68,0:17:50.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:17:51.00,0:17:52.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's pretty scary.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:52.61,0:17:54.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:17:57.76,0:18:01.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I think it's very important\Nto have all this information.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:01.60,0:18:04.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need really to see it.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:04.23,0:18:06.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And instead of looking at this,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:07.00,0:18:12.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would like to end up by showing\Nthe Internet users per 1,000.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:12.67,0:18:15.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this software, we access\Nabout 500 variables
Dialogue: 0,0:18:15.58,0:18:17.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from all the countries quite easily.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:18.00,0:18:20.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It takes some time to change for this,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:21.00,0:18:26.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but on the axises, you can quite easily\Nget any variable you would like to have.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:26.88,0:18:31.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the thing would be\Nto get up the databases free,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:31.41,0:18:33.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get them searchable,\Nand with a second click,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:34.00,0:18:38.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get them into the graphic formats,\Nwhere you can instantly understand them.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:39.00,0:18:41.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, statisticians don't like it,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:41.13,0:18:48.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they say\Nthat this will not show the reality;
Dialogue: 0,0:18:48.12,0:18:51.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to have statistical,\Nanalytical methods.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:51.86,0:18:53.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this is hypothesis-generating.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:54.00,0:18:55.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I end now with the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:57.02,0:18:58.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There, the Internet is coming.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:58.53,0:19:01.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The number of Internet users\Nare going up like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:01.04,0:19:03.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the GDP per capita.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:03.03,0:19:06.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's a new technology coming in,\Nbut then amazingly,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:06.54,0:19:10.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how well it fits to the economy\Nof the countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:10.28,0:19:13.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's why the $100 computer\Nwill be so important.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:13.76,0:19:15.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's a nice tendency.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:15.19,0:19:18.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's as if the world\Nis flattening off, isn't it?
Dialogue: 0,0:19:18.12,0:19:20.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These countries are lifting more\Nthan the economy
Dialogue: 0,0:19:20.55,0:19:23.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and will be very interesting\Nto follow this over the year,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:23.36,0:19:26.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as I would like you to be able to do\Nwith all the publicly funded data.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:26.74,0:19:27.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:28.00,0:19:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)