[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.37,0:00:03.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(soft music)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.26,0:00:04.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Hi, I'm Craig, and this is
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.65,0:00:06.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Crash Course Government and Politics
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.38,0:00:07.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and today we're gonna talk about
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.43,0:00:10.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a fundamental concept in\NAmerican government, federalism.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.09,0:00:11.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(eagle screeching)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.60,0:00:12.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm sorry.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.92,0:00:14.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not sorry, you're not\Neven endangered anymore.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.85,0:00:16.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Federalism is a little confusing
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.08,0:00:17.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it includes the word federal,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.50,0:00:18.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as in federal government,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.77,0:00:20.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is what we use to\Ndescribe the government
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.19,0:00:21.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the United States as a whole.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.71,0:00:23.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which is kind of the\Nopposite of what we mean
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.17,0:00:24.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we say federalism.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.47,0:00:26.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Confused?\NGoogle it.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.02,0:00:27.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This video will probably come up
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.33,0:00:28.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then just watch this video.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.43,0:00:30.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or, just continue watching this video.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.19,0:00:32.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(upbeat music)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.82,0:00:39.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what is federalism?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.96,0:00:41.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most simply, it's the\Nidea that in the U.S.,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.83,0:00:43.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,governmental power is divided between
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.35,0:00:44.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the government of the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.57,0:00:46.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the government of\Nthe individual states.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.34,0:00:48.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The government of the U.S.,\Nthe national government,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.04,0:00:49.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is sometimes called the federal government
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.82,0:00:50.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while the state governments
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.92,0:00:52.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are just called the state governments.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.32,0:00:53.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is because technically,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.59,0:00:55.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the U.S. can be considered\Na federation of states
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.78,0:00:57.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but this means different\Nthings to different people.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.80,0:01:00.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For instance, federation of\Nstates means ham sandwich to me.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.83,0:01:02.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll have one federation\Nof states, please,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.62,0:01:04.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,side of tater tots.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.04,0:01:06.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.\NI'm kinda dumb.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.15,0:01:08.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In a federal system, the\Nnational government takes care
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.03,0:01:10.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of some things like for example,\Nwar with other countries
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.36,0:01:11.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and delivering the mail.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.72,0:01:13.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While the state government\Ntakes care of other things
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.24,0:01:16.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like driver's license, hunter's\Nlicense, barber's license,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.16,0:01:19.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dentist's license, license\Nto kill, that's James Bond
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.14,0:01:22.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's in England I\Nhope states don't do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.50,0:01:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pretty simple, right?\NMaybe not.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.00,0:01:25.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For one thing, there are\Nsome aspects of government
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.52,0:01:26.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are handled by both the state
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.87,0:01:28.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the national government.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.14,0:01:30.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Taxes, Americans' favorite\Ngovernment activity,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.09,0:01:31.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are an example.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.12,0:01:33.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are federal taxes and state taxes.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.03,0:01:34.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it gets even more complicated
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.21,0:01:35.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because there are different\Ntypes of federalism
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.64,0:01:37.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,depending on what period\Nin American history
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.44,0:01:38.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're talking about.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.38,0:01:41.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ugh, Stan, why is history so confusing?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.95,0:01:45.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ugh, Stan, you gonna tell me?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.94,0:01:47.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can you talk Stan?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.34,0:01:49.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Basically though, there are\Ntwo main types of federalism.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.24,0:01:51.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dual federalism, which has\Nnothing to do with Aaron Burr,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.92,0:01:53.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,usually refers to the\Nperiod of American history
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.82,0:01:55.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that stretches from the\Nfounding of our great nation
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.67,0:01:56.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until the New Deal.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.81,0:01:58.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And cooperative federalism,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.17,0:02:00.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which has been the rule since the 1930s.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.23,0:02:02.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's start with an easy one\Nand look at dual federalism,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.64,0:02:03.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the thought bubble.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.99,0:02:07.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From 1788 until 1937,\Nthe U.S. basically lived
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.10,0:02:09.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,under a regime of dual federalism,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.10,0:02:10.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which meant government\Npower was strictly divided
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.90,0:02:12.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between the state and\Nnational governments.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.95,0:02:14.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Notice, I didn't say separated
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.10,0:02:15.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I don't want you\Nto confuse federalism
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.85,0:02:17.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with separation of powers.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.01,0:02:17.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don't do it!
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.96,0:02:19.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With dual federalism,\Nthere are some things
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.46,0:02:21.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that only the federal government does
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.02,0:02:23.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some things that only\Nthe state governments do.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.06,0:02:24.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is sometimes called jurisdiction.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.58,0:02:26.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The national government\Nhad jurisdiction over
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.21,0:02:28.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,internal improvements like\Ninterstate roads and canals,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.69,0:02:30.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,subsidies to the states, and tariffs,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.64,0:02:31.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are taxes on imports
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.74,0:02:34.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and thus fall under the general\Nheading of foreign policy.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.21,0:02:35.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The national government\Nalso owns public lands
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.97,0:02:38.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and regulates patents\Nwhich need to be national
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.16,0:02:39.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for them to offer protection for inventors
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.88,0:02:40.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in all the states.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.99,0:02:42.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And because you want a\Nsilver dollar in Delaware
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.45,0:02:44.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be worth the same as a\Nsilver dollar in Georgia,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.75,0:02:46.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the national government\Nalso controls currency.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.64,0:02:48.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The state government had\Ncontrol over property laws,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.100,0:02:51.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inheritance laws, commercial\Nlaws, banking laws,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.62,0:02:53.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,corporate laws, insurance, family law,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.78,0:02:55.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which means marriage and divorce.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.21,0:02:57.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Morality, stuff like public\Nlewdness and drinking
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.62,0:02:58.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,keeps me in check.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.46,0:03:00.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Public health, education,\Ncriminal laws including
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.80,0:03:01.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,determining what is a crime
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.94,0:03:03.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how crimes are prosecuted.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.50,0:03:05.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Land use, which includes\Nwater and mineral rights,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.88,0:03:07.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,elections, local government,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.07,0:03:08.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and licensing of\Nprofessions and occupations,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.99,0:03:10.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,basically what's required to drive a car
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.78,0:03:12.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or open a bar or become a barber
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.26,0:03:13.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or become James Bond.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.74,0:03:14.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, under dual federalism,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.100,0:03:17.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the state government has\Njurisdiction over a lot more
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.17,0:03:18.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the national government.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.52,0:03:20.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These powers over health,\Nsafety, and morality
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.44,0:03:21.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are sometimes call police power
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.95,0:03:23.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and usually belong to the states.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.65,0:03:24.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because of the strict division
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.48,0:03:25.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between the two types of government,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.97,0:03:28.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dual federalism is sometimes\Ncalled layer cake federalism.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.83,0:03:29.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Delicious.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.87,0:03:31.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's consistent with the\Ntradition of limited government
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.83,0:03:33.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that many Americans hold very dear.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.67,0:03:34.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks thought bubble.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.71,0:03:35.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, some of you might be wondering,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.74,0:03:37.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Craig, where does the national government
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.09,0:03:39.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"get the power to do anything\Nthat has to do with states?"
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.40,0:03:40.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah, well, off the top of my head,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.63,0:03:42.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the U.S. Constitution in Article One
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.26,0:03:43.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Section Eight Clause Three
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.45,0:03:46.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gives Congress the power\N"to regulate commerce
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.14,0:03:48.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"with foreign nations and\Namong the several states
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.57,0:03:50.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and with the Indian tribes."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.08,0:03:51.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is what's known\Nas the Commerce Clause
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.59,0:03:52.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the way that it's been interpreted
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.86,0:03:54.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,forms the basis of dual federalism
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.29,0:03:55.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and cooperative federalism.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.44,0:03:56.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For most of the 19th Century,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.52,0:03:58.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Supreme Court decided\Nthat almost any attempt
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.14,0:04:00.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by any government, federal or state,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.02,0:04:01.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to regulate state economic activity
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.90,0:04:03.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would violate the Commerce Clause.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.70,0:04:05.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This basically meant that\Nthere was very little
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.08,0:04:06.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,regulation of business at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.41,0:04:07.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Freedom!
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.30,0:04:09.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is how things stood,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.13,0:04:11.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the U.S. following a\Nsystem of dual federalism
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.21,0:04:12.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with very little government regulation
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.72,0:04:14.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the national government not doing much
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.34,0:04:15.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,other than going to war,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.84,0:04:17.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,buying or conquering enormous\Namounts of territory,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.55,0:04:18.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and delivering the mail.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.78,0:04:19.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, the Great Depression happened
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.88,0:04:21.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Franklin Roosevelt and Congress
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.32,0:04:23.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enacted the New Deal,\Nwhich changed the role
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.07,0:04:24.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the federal government in a big way.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.98,0:04:26.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The New Deal brought us\Ncooperative federalism
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.74,0:04:28.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the national\Ngovernment encourages states
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.46,0:04:30.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and localities to pursue\Nnationally-defined goals.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.76,0:04:32.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The main way that the\Nfederal government does this
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.64,0:04:35.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is through dolla dolla bills, y'all.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.13,0:04:36.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Money, is what I'm saying.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.64,0:04:38.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stan, can I make it rain?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.64,0:04:40.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah?\NAlright, I'm doing it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.22,0:04:42.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I happen to have cash\Nin my hand right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.32,0:04:45.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh yeah, take my federal money, states.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.78,0:04:47.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm regulatin' ya.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.23,0:04:49.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm a regulator.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.09,0:04:50.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This money that the federal\Ngovernment gives to the state
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.97,0:04:52.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is called a grant-in-aid.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.40,0:04:53.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Grants-in-aid can work like a carrot
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.87,0:04:55.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,encouraging a state to\Nadopt a certain policy
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.95,0:04:57.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or work like a stick when\Nthe federal government
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.88,0:04:59.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,withholds funds if the state doesn't do
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.78,0:05:01.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what the national government wants.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.21,0:05:02.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Grants-in-aid are usually\Ncalled categorical
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.76,0:05:03.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they're given to states
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.91,0:05:05.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for a particular purpose\Nlike transportation
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.83,0:05:08.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or education or alleviating poverty.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.03,0:05:09.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are two types of\Ncategorical grants-in-aid,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.84,0:05:11.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,formula grants and project grants.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.88,0:05:12.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Under a formula grant,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.82,0:05:14.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a state gets aid in a\Ncertain amount of money
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.53,0:05:16.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,based on a mathematical formula.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.21,0:05:17.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The best example of this is the old way
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.61,0:05:19.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Welfare was given in the\NU.S. under the program called
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.85,0:05:22.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Aid to Families with\NDependent Children, AFDC.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.97,0:05:24.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,States got a certain amount\Nof money for every person
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.57,0:05:25.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who was classified as poor.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.95,0:05:27.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The more poor people a state had,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.36,0:05:28.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the more money it got.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.46,0:05:30.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Project grants require\Nstates to submit proposals
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.51,0:05:31.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to receive aid.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.74,0:05:34.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The states compete for a\Nlimited pool of resources.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.06,0:05:36.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nowadays, project grants are\Nmore common than formula grants
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.29,0:05:38.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but neither is as popular as block grants,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.59,0:05:40.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which the government gives out Lego blocks
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.76,0:05:42.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then you build stuff with the Legos.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.73,0:05:43.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a good time.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.88,0:05:44.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, no, where the national government
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.86,0:05:46.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gives a state a huge chunk of money
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.50,0:05:48.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for something big like infrastructure,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.38,0:05:50.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is made with concrete\Nand steel, not Legos.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.83,0:05:52.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the state is allowed to figure out
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.06,0:05:52.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how to spend the money.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.96,0:05:54.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The basic type of cooperative federalism
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.39,0:05:55.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the carrot stick type,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.73,0:05:57.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is sometimes called\Nmarble cake federalism
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.87,0:05:59.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it mixes up the\Nstate and federal governments
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.80,0:06:02.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in ways that makes it\Nimpossible to separate the two.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.59,0:06:04.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Federalism, it's such a culinary delight.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.87,0:06:06.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The key to this is, you guessed it,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.06,0:06:07.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dolla dolla bills, y'all.\NMoney.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.70,0:06:09.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there's another aspect\Nof cooperative federalism
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.90,0:06:11.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's really not so cooperative
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.25,0:06:12.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's regulated federalism.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.98,0:06:14.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Under regulated federalism,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.25,0:06:16.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the national government\Nsets up regulations
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.33,0:06:18.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and rules that the states must follow.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.09,0:06:20.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some examples of these\Nrules, also called mandates,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.50,0:06:22.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are EPA regulations,\Ncivil rights standards,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.100,0:06:25.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the rules set up by the\NAmericans with Disabilities Act.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.61,0:06:27.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes the government\Ngives the states money
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.26,0:06:29.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to implement the rules\Nbut sometimes it doesn't
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.35,0:06:31.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they must comply anyway.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.19,0:06:32.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's called an unfunded mandate,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.86,0:06:35.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or as I like to call it an un-fun mandate
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.72,0:06:37.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,'cause no money, no fun.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.37,0:06:39.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A good example of this is OSHA regulations
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.25,0:06:40.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that employers have to follow.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.72,0:06:41.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,States don't like these
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.56,0:06:43.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Congress tried to\Ndo something about them
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.17,0:06:45.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the Unfunded Mandates\NReform Act, or UMRA,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.90,0:06:47.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it hasn't really worked.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.32,0:06:48.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the early 21st Century,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.35,0:06:50.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Americans are basically\Nliving under a system
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.12,0:06:52.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of cooperative federalism\Nwith some areas of activity
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.56,0:06:53.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are heavily regulated.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.96,0:06:55.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a stretch from the original idea
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.63,0:06:57.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that federalism will keep\Nthe national government small
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.83,0:07:00.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and have most government\Nfunctions belong to the states.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.28,0:07:01.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you follow American politics,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.51,0:07:02.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I know you do,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.49,0:07:04.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this small government\Nideal should sound familiar
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.52,0:07:05.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's the bedrock principle
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.92,0:07:08.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of many conservatives and\Nlibertarians in the U.S.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.30,0:07:10.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As conservatives made\Nmajor political inroads
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.21,0:07:12.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after the 1970s, a new\Nconcept of federalism,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.68,0:07:15.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was actually kind of\Nan old concept of federalism,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.16,0:07:16.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,became popular.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.14,0:07:18.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was called, surprise, New Federalism
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.27,0:07:21.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was popularized by\NPresidents Nixon and Reagan.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.01,0:07:22.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just to be clear, it's\Ncalled New Federalism,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.11,0:07:23.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not Surprise New Federalism.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.92,0:07:25.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,New Federalism basically means
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.23,0:07:26.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,giving more power to the states
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.58,0:07:28.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this has been done in three ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.11,0:07:30.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, block grants\Nallow states discretion
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.26,0:07:31.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to decide what to do with federal money.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.91,0:07:33.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what's a better way\Nto express your power
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.42,0:07:34.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than spending money?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.71,0:07:36.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or not spending money, as the case may be.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.58,0:07:38.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another form of New\NFederalism is devolution,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.46,0:07:40.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the process of giving\Nstate and local governments
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.71,0:07:42.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the power to enforce regulations,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.30,0:07:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,devolving power from the\Nnational to the state level.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.00,0:07:46.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Finally, some courts have picked up
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.09,0:07:47.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the cause of New Federalism through cases
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.61,0:07:49.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,based on the 10th Amendment, which states,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.49,0:07:52.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The powers not delegated\Nto the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.01,0:07:55.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"by the Constitution, nor\Nprohibited by it to the states,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.25,0:07:58.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"are reserved to the states\Nrespectively, or to the people."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.59,0:07:59.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The idea that some powers,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.73,0:08:01.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like those police powers\NI talked about before,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.69,0:08:03.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are reserved by the states has been used
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.52,0:08:05.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to put something of a brake\Non the Commerce Clause.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.69,0:08:07.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, as you can see, where\Nwe are with federalism today
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.78,0:08:09.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is kind of complicated.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.13,0:08:11.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Presidents Reagan, George\NH. W. Bush, and Clinton
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.45,0:08:13.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seem to favor New\NFederalism and block grants.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.74,0:08:15.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But George W. Bush seemed to push back
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.22,0:08:17.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,towards regulated\Nfederalism with laws like
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.02,0:08:18.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No Child Left Behind and the creation of
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.65,0:08:20.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Department of Homeland Security.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.36,0:08:22.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's pretty safe to say that\Nwe're gonna continue to live
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.16,0:08:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,under a regime of cooperative federalism
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.00,0:08:25.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a healthy dose of\Nregulation thrown in.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.92,0:08:27.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But many Americans feel\Nthat the national government
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.68,0:08:28.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is too big and expensive
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.91,0:08:30.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not what the framer's wanted.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.34,0:08:31.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If history is any guide,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.29,0:08:33.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a system of dual federalism\Nwith most of the government
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.37,0:08:34.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the hands of the states
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.39,0:08:35.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is probably not gonna happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.75,0:08:37.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For some reason, it's really difficult
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.01,0:08:39.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to convince institutions to give up powers
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.05,0:08:40.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,once they've got them.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.18,0:08:43.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm never giving up this power.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.27,0:08:44.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks for watching,\NI'll see you next week.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.77,0:08:46.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Crash Course Government and Politics
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.05,0:08:48.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is produced in association\Nwith PBS Digital Studios.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.66,0:08:51.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Support for Crash Course U.S.\NGovernment comes from Voqal.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.53,0:08:53.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Voqal supports nonprofits\Nthat use technology and media
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.99,0:08:55.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to advance social equity.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.58,0:08:57.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Learn more about their\Nmission and initiatives
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.22,0:08:58.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at voqal.org.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.32,0:09:01.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Crash Course is made with the\Nhelp of these nice people.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.12,0:09:02.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks for watching.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.76,0:09:04.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You didn't help make this\Nvideo at all, did you?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.84,0:09:07.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nope, but you did get\Npeople to keep watching
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.13,0:09:10.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until the end 'cause\Nyou're an adorable dog.