0:00:10.591,0:00:14.509
So I thought Craig said,[br]"Come do a TED Talk for my students,"

0:00:14.509,0:00:16.070
and I thought, Why?

0:00:17.100,0:00:18.399
I'm a professor.

0:00:18.399,0:00:20.429
I get paid to talk for 50 minutes.

0:00:20.429,0:00:23.340
How the hell am I only going to be able[br]to talk for 15 or 18?

0:00:23.340,0:00:25.010
So I thought, "I'll give it a go."

0:00:25.010,0:00:27.919
I said, "What should I do?"[br]He said, "Talk about Shakespeare."

0:00:27.919,0:00:30.319
And I thought, "Why Shakespeare?[br]Why Shakespeare?"

0:00:30.319,0:00:32.081
The only answer I could come up with

0:00:32.081,0:00:35.859
was to plagiarize our gorgeous,[br]young Prime Minister

0:00:35.859,0:00:38.471
and say, "Well, it's 2016."

0:00:38.801,0:00:40.159
That's a start.

0:00:40.829,0:00:42.910
And it's the easiest one

0:00:42.910,0:00:46.800
because 400 years and 6 days ago,

0:00:46.800,0:00:48.690
on April 23rd,

0:00:48.690,0:00:50.391
Shakespeare died.

0:00:51.551,0:00:53.159
Prince died this week.

0:00:53.159,0:00:54.770
He's had a lot of press.

0:00:55.380,0:00:58.159
Would he still have that press[br]400 years from now?

0:00:58.159,0:00:59.368
I don't know.

0:00:59.368,0:01:01.430
Will there be a press 400 years from now?

0:01:01.430,0:01:02.889
Probably not.

0:01:03.479,0:01:06.261
So why? Why after 400 years?

0:01:07.231,0:01:13.409
In 2012, during the London Olympics,[br]lots of exciting things happened.

0:01:13.849,0:01:17.992
One of them we probably all remember[br]is the lightning man, right?

0:01:17.992,0:01:20.370
Usain Bolt repeated it again, right?

0:01:20.370,0:01:22.483
Won all those sprint events.

0:01:22.823,0:01:26.370
Hundreds of thousands of people[br]witnessed something else.

0:01:26.630,0:01:30.730
Every Olympics match a sport with culture.

0:01:30.730,0:01:33.666
And there's always a Cultural Olympiad.

0:01:33.666,0:01:37.479
In 2012, in London,[br]they chose Shakespeare.

0:01:37.479,0:01:39.441
There were over 100 productions

0:01:39.441,0:01:43.840
between April the 23rd[br]and the end of the event in November.

0:01:43.840,0:01:47.281
Seventy of those took place[br]in the Globe Theatre.

0:01:47.521,0:01:52.171
They represented countries,[br]over 40 countries from around the world,

0:01:52.171,0:01:55.748
and they were in 37 different languages.

0:01:55.748,0:01:57.140
Why?

0:01:57.140,0:02:00.730
Most of those countries[br]had been colonized by the English.

0:02:01.150,0:02:04.739
Having thrown off[br]all the shackles of colonization,

0:02:04.739,0:02:07.340
why had they kept Shakespeare?

0:02:07.870,0:02:11.889
And why did they want to listen[br]to Shakespeare in their own language?

0:02:11.889,0:02:14.340
And why, when they came to London,

0:02:14.345,0:02:20.139
did thousands of people living in London[br]whose origins were in those countries

0:02:20.139,0:02:22.579
come to listen to Shakespeare

0:02:22.579,0:02:26.259
in the language[br]into which they had been born?

0:02:26.889,0:02:30.281
That's what I want to talk[br]to you about today:

0:02:31.141,0:02:34.449
the power of listening to Shakespeare.

0:02:34.449,0:02:37.658
That's why I don't want a text up there.

0:02:38.288,0:02:40.899
Because that would contradict me, right?

0:02:40.899,0:02:44.189
And that's why I'm glad[br]we closed that book.

0:02:45.199,0:02:49.078
When Shakespeare was first performed,[br]and for well over 200 years,

0:02:49.078,0:02:51.017
when people wrote about going to plays,

0:02:51.017,0:02:55.669
when they wrote about[br]going to a Shakespeare play or any play,

0:02:55.669,0:02:57.338
they would write in their diary,

0:02:57.338,0:02:59.568
they would write[br]in their commonplace book,

0:02:59.978,0:03:05.207
"Last night I went, and I heard[br]Midsummer Night's Dream."

0:03:06.437,0:03:10.617
"Last night I went, and I heard Hamlet."

0:03:11.237,0:03:15.760
No one ever wrote,[br]until well into the 19th century,

0:03:15.760,0:03:18.259
that they saw a play.

0:03:18.649,0:03:21.359
Because a play is about voice,

0:03:21.829,0:03:25.269
and no one understood that[br]more than Shakespeare did.

0:03:25.799,0:03:31.918
We are there because it consoles us[br]to hear a human voice,

0:03:32.738,0:03:39.231
because we want a voice to make[br]the sounds of joy and sorrow for us.

0:03:39.541,0:03:44.139
Because what matters in life[br]is what we apprehend,

0:03:44.139,0:03:45.689
what we seize,

0:03:46.359,0:03:48.180
what seizes us -

0:03:48.590,0:03:51.662
those things that make us terrified,

0:03:52.562,0:03:55.111
and those things that make us joyful.

0:03:55.471,0:04:00.818
And theater brings us those,[br]and Shakespeare, no more so.

0:04:01.608,0:04:03.019
So it's curious -

0:04:03.509,0:04:06.171
not tragic, just curious -

0:04:06.171,0:04:08.721
that when students[br]come to me at university,

0:04:08.721,0:04:12.540
the majority of them say,[br]"Oh, Shakespeare. I don't know.

0:04:12.710,0:04:14.761
It was always so hard in high school."

0:04:14.761,0:04:16.878
Some would say,[br]"Oh, I loved it. I loved it."

0:04:16.878,0:04:18.717
I'd say, "What did you love about it?"

0:04:18.717,0:04:21.459
"Oh, the movies. There are[br]such great Shakespeare movies."

0:04:21.459,0:04:23.417
And I have to say, "Well, no, no, no, no.

0:04:23.417,0:04:26.161
Shakespeare is not[br]about watching a movie."

0:04:26.161,0:04:28.688
There has to be a person there,

0:04:29.608,0:04:34.950
a person who is enduring the story for us

0:04:35.250,0:04:37.649
so that in witnessing it,

0:04:39.189,0:04:42.748
we can be grasped and grasp in turn

0:04:43.328,0:04:46.748
the emotions that are being experienced.

0:04:47.028,0:04:49.568
Don't be afraid of Shakespeare, right?

0:04:50.378,0:04:52.010
Most of my students, many of you -

0:04:52.010,0:04:54.449
one of the reasons I thought,[br]"Well, we'll do this,"

0:04:54.449,0:04:57.180
is because Craig said[br]there'll be over 900 students here,

0:04:57.180,0:04:59.999
and they're all going to be doing[br]Shakespeare at some point,

0:04:59.999,0:05:01.380
holding their noses or not.

0:05:01.380,0:05:02.718
I said, "What do they do?"

0:05:02.718,0:05:04.107
"Well, the usual things:

0:05:04.107,0:05:06.907
Midsummer Night's Dream, Hamlet,

0:05:07.497,0:05:09.939
Romeo and Juliet, Macbeth."

0:05:09.939,0:05:12.140
I thought, "Great.[br]We'll get there. We'll see.

0:05:12.140,0:05:14.642
We'll talk about some of those."

0:05:15.382,0:05:20.160
But most of them probably also use[br]the No Fear Shakespeare cribs,

0:05:20.160,0:05:22.580
that translate Shakespeare into English

0:05:22.870,0:05:25.300
as if it wasn't English to begin with.

0:05:25.300,0:05:28.779
And the Sparks Notes people[br]have made millions of dollars

0:05:28.779,0:05:32.249
off the backs of No Fear Shakespeare

0:05:33.539,0:05:36.448
when we shouldn't have feared him[br]to begin with, right?

0:05:36.788,0:05:39.300
And Shakespeare[br]never made a penny in his life

0:05:39.300,0:05:41.077
off of the printing of his plays.

0:05:41.077,0:05:43.680
He could not have cared less.

0:05:44.220,0:05:47.711
When the Folio came out,[br]seven years after his death,

0:05:48.051,0:05:54.669
it came out because the surviving partners[br]of his company wanted to make a memorial.

0:05:54.909,0:05:56.510
He never cared.

0:05:57.270,0:05:59.409
There were hundreds[br]of editions of his works;

0:05:59.409,0:06:00.964
he never made a penny on them.

0:06:00.964,0:06:03.289
Because it wasn't about reading.

0:06:03.289,0:06:05.780
And that's what I want to focus on now.

0:06:05.780,0:06:10.131
I want to take a couple of scenes,[br]and I want to talk you through them,

0:06:10.591,0:06:13.040
and I want to try to give you a sense

0:06:13.040,0:06:18.759
of what you can apprehend[br]when you look and listen.

0:06:18.759,0:06:23.209
And what I'm going to say to you now[br]and perhaps repeat in concluding -

0:06:23.209,0:06:26.719
because I have no idea where I'm going;

0:06:26.724,0:06:30.719
it will depend on what we hear[br]when we listen to these texts -

0:06:31.659,0:06:34.329
don't look for meaning.

0:06:34.719,0:06:36.531
There isn't any.

0:06:37.411,0:06:39.640
Don't look for a thesis.

0:06:39.980,0:06:41.597
Don't hunt themes.

0:06:41.797,0:06:43.970
Don't analyze metaphors.

0:06:44.120,0:06:47.931
Don't worry about what[br]you're going to write your essay about.

0:06:48.271,0:06:50.030
Just listen.

0:06:50.760,0:06:53.420
And open yourself up as you listen.

0:06:54.670,0:06:57.178
And be very responsive to what you feel.

0:06:57.658,0:07:03.699
Because apprehension[br]is far more important than comprehension,

0:07:04.089,0:07:05.761
and in Midsummer Night's Dream,

0:07:05.761,0:07:09.099
one of Shakespeare's extraordinary[br]figures, the Duke Theseus,

0:07:09.099,0:07:11.440
says precisely that[br]at the end of the play.

0:07:11.440,0:07:14.510
He says, "One of the most interesting[br]things about life is this."

0:07:14.510,0:07:18.209
He said, "Whenever we apprehend an effect,

0:07:19.279,0:07:21.600
we want to comprehend a cause."

0:07:21.880,0:07:23.528
And that's a problem,

0:07:23.528,0:07:25.568
especially with theater

0:07:25.568,0:07:27.609
and always with life.

0:07:27.609,0:07:31.869
Something happens to us,[br]and we want to know why.

0:07:33.739,0:07:35.640
Well, the cause doesn't matter.

0:07:36.310,0:07:39.779
Who knows what the first cause[br]of anything is?

0:07:39.779,0:07:44.040
Was it God the Creator or the Big Bang?

0:07:44.620,0:07:47.969
They're beyond my comprehension, right?

0:07:48.519,0:07:50.529
But in the moment of life,

0:07:51.839,0:07:56.730
I apprehend constantly[br]what it is to be living,

0:07:57.100,0:07:59.041
and to seek meaning in that

0:07:59.041,0:08:00.828
rather than to simply swim

0:08:00.828,0:08:05.179
in the luxuriousness[br]of my own soul and heart

0:08:05.869,0:08:11.101
seems like an extraordinary[br]abandonment of the joy of living.

0:08:11.101,0:08:12.549
So let's look at Shakespeare.

0:08:12.549,0:08:14.908
We'll go through maybe just one scene.

0:08:14.908,0:08:17.621
The screen here tells me[br]I've got nine-and-a-half minutes.

0:08:17.621,0:08:18.969
We'll see what we can do.

0:08:18.969,0:08:20.500
That'll give us enough for one.

0:08:20.500,0:08:22.600
I'll give you a choice;[br]I've got a few ideas.

0:08:22.600,0:08:24.861
Let's go for two[br]that are big ones out there.

0:08:24.861,0:08:28.618
If you haven't encountered them yet,[br]you're going to in your high school years.

0:08:28.618,0:08:31.061
Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet.

0:08:31.061,0:08:32.539
Which one do you want?

0:08:32.539,0:08:36.710
(Audience) Hamlet.[br]Romeo and Juliet. Hamlet.

0:08:39.470,0:08:40.631
I think,

0:08:40.631,0:08:42.971
I think Romeo and Juliet.

0:08:42.971,0:08:45.159
Right? Wrong? Craig?

0:08:47.089,0:08:50.510
If I can stay - oh boy,[br]I'm under nine minutes now.

0:08:50.510,0:08:53.800
So if I can talk like the Bolt Man,

0:08:53.800,0:08:56.761
if we can get through this scene,[br]maybe we do a bit of Hamlet,

0:08:56.761,0:08:58.640
maybe finish with a moment from Hamlet.

0:08:58.640,0:08:59.931
Here we go.

0:08:59.931,0:09:01.988
What I'm going to do with Romeo and Juliet

0:09:01.988,0:09:04.090
is go to the scene[br]where we first meet Juliet

0:09:04.090,0:09:07.062
because it tells us something[br]about Shakespeare.

0:09:07.062,0:09:08.651
Shakespeare's great at women.

0:09:08.651,0:09:11.748
He's great at listening to women[br]and making us listen to women.

0:09:11.748,0:09:13.180
And there's a reason for that.

0:09:13.180,0:09:17.010
Because in his lifetime,[br]no woman was ever on the stage.

0:09:17.010,0:09:20.080
No woman ever acted on the English stage

0:09:20.080,0:09:24.140
until 1665.

0:09:24.840,0:09:27.499
So men always played the parts of women,

0:09:27.499,0:09:29.010
and not just boys.

0:09:29.010,0:09:30.401
There were men in the company

0:09:30.401,0:09:33.309
who spent their entire career[br]aging through female parts.

0:09:33.309,0:09:35.582
So in this scene, we first meet Juliet.

0:09:35.582,0:09:41.131
We have Juliet, and we have the Nurse,[br]and we have Lady Capulet.

0:09:41.441,0:09:44.114
Three principal women from the play.

0:09:44.524,0:09:46.340
We've not met Juliet yet;

0:09:46.340,0:09:48.241
it's Act 1, scene 3.

0:09:50.101,0:09:51.631
The Nurse is sitting,

0:09:53.241,0:09:57.740
Lady Capulet we've met,[br]and she comes in and says,

0:09:57.740,0:09:59.560
"Where's my daughter?"

0:10:00.530,0:10:03.599
We met Lady Capulet in Act 1, scene 1,

0:10:03.599,0:10:06.899
when the men were all fighting,[br]causing all that difficulty -

0:10:06.899,0:10:09.890
the Montagues and the Capulets[br]wrestling with one another,

0:10:09.890,0:10:11.652
men drawing their swords,

0:10:11.652,0:10:14.382
all demonstrating their masculinity.

0:10:14.682,0:10:17.811
Excruciatingly funny.

0:10:18.561,0:10:22.320
And Lady Capulet knows that,[br]and she mocks her husband.

0:10:22.630,0:10:26.890
She says to him, "Why bother[br]getting your sword out, old man?

0:10:27.800,0:10:29.801
There's no point to it."

0:10:30.771,0:10:33.010
She's a strong woman.

0:10:33.910,0:10:37.999
So she comes in, and she says,[br]"Where's my daughter?"

0:10:39.349,0:10:42.677
And the Nurse says, "Oh,[br]by my maiden head these last 12 years,"

0:10:42.677,0:10:46.728
she says, "I called her; she didn't come."

0:10:46.728,0:10:49.989
She says, "I swear by my virginity at 12,[br]I've been calling her.

0:10:49.989,0:10:51.309
I don't know where she is,"

0:10:51.319,0:10:53.529
and then she gets up,[br]and she says, "Juliet," -

0:10:53.529,0:10:56.249
No, no, I don't want that.[br]I don't want anything up there.

0:10:56.249,0:10:58.558
Can we just kill that? Is it impossible?

0:10:58.918,0:11:01.770
How do I kill those screens? Great -

0:11:03.180,0:11:05.578
And she starts calling her:

0:11:05.578,0:11:11.690
"Ladybird. My dear one. Where are you?"

0:11:12.490,0:11:14.099
In most productions,

0:11:14.099,0:11:16.707
Juliet's on the balcony[br]or she's not on stage,

0:11:16.707,0:11:18.739
because the text says, "Enter Juliet."

0:11:18.739,0:11:21.687
It's always, in the original printings,

0:11:22.167,0:11:24.563
they say, "Enter,"[br]when the character speaks.

0:11:24.563,0:11:26.377
She's already there.

0:11:26.857,0:11:30.170
Everything the Nurse is saying,[br]if you listen - right? -

0:11:30.170,0:11:32.719
is what you do when you're playing[br]with a small child.

0:11:32.719,0:11:34.318
You must have all done that,

0:11:34.318,0:11:37.848
or an aunt or an uncle or parent[br]has done that with you.

0:11:38.248,0:11:40.777
Joey, Joey, where are you, Joey?

0:11:40.777,0:11:43.270
My goodness, Joey.[br]When are you going to come?

0:11:43.270,0:11:45.777
My, what am I going to do with you, Joey?

0:11:45.777,0:11:47.988
And where's Joey the whole time?

0:11:48.708,0:11:53.409
Right there. Right behind you,[br]and you pretend you don't see him.

0:11:53.409,0:11:54.597
That's where Juliet is

0:11:54.597,0:11:57.704
if we really are listening[br]to what the Nurse is doing there.

0:11:57.704,0:12:02.870
"Ladybird. My dear one. Where are you?"

0:12:03.780,0:12:06.448
And Lady Capulet is standing, watching.

0:12:06.898,0:12:10.849
And eventually Juliet says, [br]"Here I am. Who wants me?" -

0:12:11.289,0:12:13.118
playing with the Nurse.

0:12:13.448,0:12:15.480
The Nurse says, "Your mother."

0:12:18.300,0:12:21.069
And Lady Capulet says to the Nurse,

0:12:21.069,0:12:22.370
"Will you give us a minute?

0:12:22.370,0:12:24.531
There's something[br]I need to tell my daughter."

0:12:24.531,0:12:26.500
And the Nurse begins to leave,

0:12:28.030,0:12:32.119
and Lady Capulet says,[br]"No, come back. Please, come back."

0:12:34.889,0:12:37.669
And what she needs to tell Juliet is,

0:12:37.669,0:12:41.620
"Your father has decided[br]that you're going to be married now,

0:12:42.180,0:12:46.299
and you're going to meet tonight[br]the man you're going to marry."

0:12:46.829,0:12:51.599
Now, what's crucial in this scene,[br]if we are listening and looking,

0:12:51.599,0:12:53.682
is what Lady Capulet's doing.

0:12:53.682,0:12:55.421
Because always in Shakespeare

0:12:55.421,0:12:59.080
in crucial scenes[br]when he wants us to listen,

0:12:59.080,0:13:01.801
there's a listener on stage,

0:13:01.801,0:13:03.907
and here it's Lady Capulet,

0:13:04.327,0:13:08.660
listening while her daughter[br]plays with the Nurse,

0:13:08.660,0:13:11.881
and then the Nurse tells a long story,

0:13:12.971,0:13:14.870
a comic story

0:13:15.790,0:13:17.850
about Juliet growing up,

0:13:18.470,0:13:20.444
and Juliet's mother listens,

0:13:22.460,0:13:29.009
knowing that she's about to tell[br]her daughter childhood is over.

0:13:30.929,0:13:33.419
What's she feeling while she's listening?

0:13:33.419,0:13:35.910
What does any parent feel?

0:13:38.670,0:13:39.791
At that moment -

0:13:39.791,0:13:41.621
commonly in tv adds -

0:13:42.041,0:13:45.710
when you give your child[br]the keys to the car for the first time?

0:13:47.250,0:13:51.501
When you leave them[br]at their university residence?

0:13:54.251,0:13:57.304
When their probation officer[br]comes and takes them away?

0:13:57.304,0:13:58.453
(Laughter)

0:13:58.453,0:13:59.988
Whatever the point,

0:13:59.988,0:14:01.956
where you realize,

0:14:03.126,0:14:05.100
What happened to my child?

0:14:06.750,0:14:08.407
How did I miss that?

0:14:08.967,0:14:10.410
If we're listening,

0:14:11.200,0:14:13.739
that's what's happening in that scene.

0:14:13.739,0:14:18.260
Most productions miss that[br]because people are reading,

0:14:18.260,0:14:20.169
and they ignore Lady Capulet.

0:14:20.169,0:14:23.589
An extraordinary thing happens[br]when the Nurse is talking.

0:14:23.989,0:14:26.599
They're trying to figure out[br]how old Juliet is,

0:14:26.599,0:14:30.218
and her mother says, "Oh, you know,[br]I don't think she's 14 yet."

0:14:30.218,0:14:32.699
And the Nurse is, "Oh, no, no.[br]It will be two weeks.

0:14:32.699,0:14:36.160
I remember because my Susan,[br]my daughter, and her

0:14:36.160,0:14:38.288
were born at the same time.

0:14:38.288,0:14:42.909
My Susan, who God took from me

0:14:42.909,0:14:45.550
because she was too good for me."

0:14:45.550,0:14:51.719
The Nurse's daughter died[br]in her infancy, and Juliet lived.

0:14:52.849,0:14:55.910
The Nurse says that, looking at Juliet,

0:14:56.170,0:14:58.951
and Lady Capulet is looking at Juliet,

0:15:00.211,0:15:02.238
and two daughters are dead.

0:15:02.868,0:15:05.140
And if we're not listening, we miss that.

0:15:06.100,0:15:11.671
The Nurse tells us, "My Susan died[br]almost 14 years ago."

0:15:12.041,0:15:14.050
And Lady Capulet is thinking,

0:15:14.430,0:15:20.273
"My child will be lost to me in two weeks

0:15:20.893,0:15:22.817
when she marries Paris,

0:15:22.817,0:15:25.750
and away she goes to live with him."

0:15:26.850,0:15:33.426
And when the child I remember playing[br]just disappears, is gone.

0:15:33.936,0:15:36.819
That's the crucial thing about listening.

0:15:36.819,0:15:38.008
I've got two minutes.

0:15:38.008,0:15:41.729
I'll very quickly tell you something[br]about Hamlet and then tie this up.

0:15:42.169,0:15:43.979
At the end of Hamlet,

0:15:44.689,0:15:47.800
when all the swordplay is going on[br]and the poisoning,

0:15:47.800,0:15:50.089
and a dozen people[br]are going to be dead on stage,

0:15:50.089,0:15:51.969
and it's going to be full of spectacle,

0:15:51.969,0:15:54.888
and it turns into a real guy flick, right?

0:15:54.888,0:15:59.219
There's a chick moment in there[br]that's powerful, and it's about mothers.

0:16:00.089,0:16:03.580
Gertrude says nothing but three lines.

0:16:04.210,0:16:10.739
The first of them is, "Hamlet,[br]let me wipe your brow.

0:16:11.209,0:16:15.443
Take my napkin," she says,[br]"and wipe your brow. You look so tired."

0:16:15.983,0:16:19.608
At the start of the play, she'd wanted[br]to touch him, and he wouldn't let her.

0:16:19.608,0:16:20.970
He never lets her touch him;

0:16:20.970,0:16:24.311
he pulls away because he's angry at her[br]for marrying his uncle, right?

0:16:24.311,0:16:27.769
Shakespeare gives her[br]as her second-last line,

0:16:28.259,0:16:30.569
"Let me wipe thy brow,"

0:16:30.999,0:16:35.212
and she takes her handkerchief[br]and wipes the sweat off her son's brow,

0:16:35.212,0:16:39.611
just the way your mother,[br]even when you're 62 like me,

0:16:40.021,0:16:44.180
on a cold day, will tighten up your jacket

0:16:44.180,0:16:50.340
or call you at university and say,[br]"Is it snowing? Wear your mittens."

0:16:51.920,0:16:56.979
When we don't listen in life,[br]we miss the small things.

0:16:56.979,0:17:01.948
In literature, listening is crucial[br]to getting those things too.

0:17:01.948,0:17:04.929
That's why Shakespeare matters.

0:17:04.929,0:17:07.670
Not because we should read him,

0:17:08.060,0:17:11.130
but because we should be listening to him.

0:17:11.620,0:17:16.027
At the beginning of Hamlet,[br]there's a man who's all alone on stage,

0:17:16.027,0:17:17.101
Francisco,

0:17:17.101,0:17:19.479
waiting to be relieved by Bernardo.

0:17:19.479,0:17:21.188
He can be out there alone

0:17:21.188,0:17:23.880
as long as the director[br]wants to leave him there,

0:17:23.880,0:17:25.238
say nothing.

0:17:25.238,0:17:30.287
Bernardo comes, and Bernardo says,[br]"Who's there?" because it's dark.

0:17:30.287,0:17:33.048
And Francisco says, "Nay.

0:17:33.918,0:17:38.449
[Answer me. Stand][br]and unfold yourself," he says.

0:17:38.970,0:17:40.708
Open yourself up to me.

0:17:40.708,0:17:41.979
And I say to you,

0:17:41.979,0:17:46.989
unfold yourself when you read Shakespeare.

0:17:46.989,0:17:49.254
Close the book,

0:17:49.254,0:17:50.709
open yourself up,

0:17:50.709,0:17:52.277
apprehend,

0:17:53.017,0:17:55.698
and you won't worry about the meaning.

0:17:56.028,0:17:57.323
Unfold,

0:17:57.533,0:17:58.808
listen

0:17:58.948,0:18:02.949
and allow life[br]and literature to touch you.

0:18:03.509,0:18:04.609
Thank you.

0:18:04.609,0:18:06.639
(Applause)