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Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:03.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,NEURON MENA: Hi, this is Neuron Mena from NAMI Montana.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.84,0:00:06.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to speak to you for a few minutes today about
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.60,0:00:09.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an important development in mental illness research.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.75,0:00:16.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The National Institute of Mental Health Research Domain Criteria, or RDoC.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.23,0:00:21.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,RDoC grew out of an agency's goal to develop new ways of classifying
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.54,0:00:27.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mental disorders based on behavioral dimensions and neural biological measures.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.36,0:00:30.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the opinion of this humble neuron,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.93,0:00:34.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's a great effort because the interactions of
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.56,0:00:41.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over a hundred billion neurons in the brain are incredibly hard to understand.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.58,0:00:44.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The need for a more systematic framework to tie
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.86,0:00:47.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,together this research has only become clear
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.89,0:00:50.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the technology is capable of adding
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.05,0:00:54.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,valuable information about brain function has increased.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.34,0:00:58.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For instance, it's going to take a clear research framework to
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.69,0:01:03.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ensure that the information gathered through combinations of psychological surveys,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.78,0:01:08.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fMRI brain scans, EEG recordings,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.05,0:01:14.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,genetic testing, blood work and other tools clarifies our understanding of the brain
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.32,0:01:19.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than making things murkier by piling on seemingly unconnected data.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.80,0:01:23.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here is the RDoC matrix.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.18,0:01:29.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The domain's constructs and sub-constructs are on the left side of the matrix.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.74,0:01:32.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll get into those in more detail.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.04,0:01:34.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in absolute layman's terms,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.36,0:01:37.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these are characteristics of brain functioning,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.48,0:01:40.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as how our brain responds to fear.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.38,0:01:42.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How our brain responds to threat?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.38,0:01:44.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do you visually perceive images?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.89,0:01:48.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How are your sleep cycles, etc?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.26,0:01:52.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The top of the graph is composed of the units of measure.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.42,0:01:56.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In layman's terms, these are different ways that you can measure brain function.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.98,0:02:02.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For instance, researchers may use psychological self-report surveys, genetics,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.69,0:02:05.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,brain circuits shown in fMRI scans,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.78,0:02:09.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,descriptions of the specific kinds of cells involved,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.40,0:02:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,molecules that may function as neurotransmitters.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.00,0:02:17.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll go back to the broad view of our RDoC matrix in a second
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.42,0:02:19.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I think it helps to start with
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.46,0:02:24.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the analysis of a very specific brain function characteristics.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.22,0:02:29.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Specifically, how does a person respond to acute fear?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.04,0:02:35.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Start by going to NIMH's web page for the Research Domain Criteria Matrix.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.10,0:02:38.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then click on the acute threat fear link.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.73,0:02:41.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That link will open up and shows a number of different units
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.58,0:02:45.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of analysis for research in acute threat fear.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.06,0:02:49.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of the units of analysis for acute threat study include
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.58,0:02:55.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,genes such as BDNF and 5-HT/5-HTRs,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.50,0:02:59.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,molecules such as dopamine and serotonin,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.40,0:03:03.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cells like neurons, glia, and pyramidal cells,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.40,0:03:06.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,circuits such as central nucleus.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.05,0:03:10.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Physiological characteristics like skin conductance and heart rate.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.50,0:03:14.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Behavioral characteristics such as freezing and response time.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.68,0:03:18.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Psychological self-report surveys such as the
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.02,0:03:21.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fear survey schedule and fear questionnaire,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.60,0:03:26.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and psychological paradigms like fear conditioning.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.62,0:03:30.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This framework provides a comprehensive breakdown of
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.26,0:03:34.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the methods and measures to analyze acute threat.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.58,0:03:37.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The units of analysis can eliminate
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.61,0:03:41.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,potential connections between brain function characteristics.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.64,0:03:45.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The list of the units of analysis can also help identify
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.05,0:03:48.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,brain function characteristics that have significant research gaps.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.71,0:03:52.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For instance, clearly, language doesn't happen
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.43,0:03:56.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without molecules acting as neurotransmitters and cell transmitting information.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.78,0:04:01.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a likely need to reevaluate prior research or conduct
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.62,0:04:04.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,new research to better understand those units of
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.19,0:04:07.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,analysis for this brain function characteristic.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.27,0:04:11.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, they've given you a little depth on units of analysis,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.16,0:04:12.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let's look harder at the other side of
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.84,0:04:16.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the graph and the brain function characteristics being mentioned.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.83,0:04:19.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,NIMH describes the rows as
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.59,0:04:25.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,specific functional constructs representing a specific function dimension of behavior.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.64,0:04:28.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those constructs that are grouped into domains
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.29,0:04:30.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,based upon the current understanding of emotion,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.87,0:04:34.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cognition, motivation, and social behavior.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.05,0:04:38.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are currently five domains in the RDoC matrix.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.48,0:04:43.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The five domains are negative valence systems, positive valence systems,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.92,0:04:52.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cognitive systems, systems for social processes and the arousal of regulatory system.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.10,0:04:57.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The negative valence systems are the system primarily responsible for
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.90,0:05:04.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,responses to aversive situations or contexts such as fear, anxiety, and loss.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.10,0:05:09.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The positive valence systems are the systems primarily responsible for responses to
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.48,0:05:14.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,positively motivational situations or contexts such as reward seeking,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.67,0:05:19.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,conservatory behavior, and reward or habit learning.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.71,0:05:26.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The cognitive systems are the systems responsible for various cognitive processes.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.06,0:05:29.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The systems for social processes are the systems that
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.72,0:05:33.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mediate responses to interpersonal settings of various types,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.64,0:05:38.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including perception and interpretation of others' actions.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.82,0:05:42.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The arousal regulatory systems are the systems
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.23,0:05:46.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,responsible for generating activation of neural systems as
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.04,0:05:49.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,appropriate for various contexts and providing
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.49,0:05:53.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the appropriate homeostatic regulation of such systems as energy,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.70,0:05:55.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,balance, and sleep.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.70,0:05:59.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once you've got a basic understanding of the RDoC matrix,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.09,0:06:01.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's easy to see how it opens up the door for
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.67,0:06:05.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really cool multi-dimensional brain research.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.20,0:06:10.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For instance, how many sub-constructs are impacted by
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.07,0:06:15.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a deficiency in a specific molecule that acts as a neurotransmitter?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.68,0:06:19.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Similarly, what subcontracts are impacted by trauma?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.92,0:06:25.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What units of analysis identify factors related to resiliency to trauma?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.66,0:06:30.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are so many questions in the field of mental illness research.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.14,0:06:34.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're really excited to see what answers the research domain criteria framework
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.35,0:06:39.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can help address and what new questions are opened up from there.