[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.92,0:00:05.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you ever find yourself\Nreferencing a study in conversation
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.18,0:00:08.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you didn't actually read?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.86,0:00:10.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.63,0:00:13.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was having coffee\Nwith a friend of mine the other day
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.26,0:00:15.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I said, "You know, I read a new study
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.01,0:00:19.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that says coffee reduces\Nthe risk of depression in women."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.18,0:00:25.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But really, what I read was a tweet.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.48,0:00:27.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.13,0:00:28.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That said --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.33,0:00:29.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.52,0:00:33.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"A new study says drinking coffee\Nmay decrease depression risk in women."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.21,0:00:39.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that tweet had a link\Nto "The New York Times" blog,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.70,0:00:42.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where a guest blogger translated\Nthe study findings
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.43,0:00:44.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from a "Live Science" article,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.63,0:00:46.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which got its original information
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.59,0:00:50.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the Harvard School\Nof Public Health news site,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.06,0:00:53.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which cited the actual study abstract,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.38,0:00:57.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which summarized the actual study\Npublished in an academic journal.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.100,0:00:59.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.58,0:01:02.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's like the six degrees of separation
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.20,0:01:03.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but with research.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.53,0:01:04.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.70,0:01:08.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, when I said I read a study,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.03,0:01:14.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what I actually read was 59 characters\Nthat summarized 10 years of research.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.22,0:01:15.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.18,0:01:18.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, when I said I read a study,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.97,0:01:22.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was reading fractions of the study
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.08,0:01:24.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were put together\Nby four different writers
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.82,0:01:26.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were not the author,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.74,0:01:28.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before it got to me.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.82,0:01:30.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That doesn't seem right.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.89,0:01:34.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But accessing original\Nresearch is difficult
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.07,0:01:37.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because academics aren't regularly\Nengaging with popular media.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.98,0:01:40.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you might be asking yourself,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.75,0:01:43.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why aren't academics engaging\Nwith popular media?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.58,0:01:46.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It seems like they'd be\Na more legitimate source of information
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.58,0:01:47.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the media pundits.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.76,0:01:49.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.93,0:01:51.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.11,0:01:54.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In a country with over\N4100 colleges and universities,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.70,0:01:56.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it feels like this should be the norm.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.51,0:01:58.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's not.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.09,0:02:00.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, how did we get here?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.50,0:02:05.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To understand why scholars\Naren't engaging with popular media,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.93,0:02:08.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you first have to understand\Nhow universities work.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.50,0:02:10.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, in the last six years,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.84,0:02:13.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've taught at seven\Ndifferent colleges and universities
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.48,0:02:14.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in four different states.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.47,0:02:17.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A bit of an agent extraordinaire.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.38,0:02:18.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.55,0:02:21.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And at the same time, I'm pursuing my PhD.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.46,0:02:23.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In all of these different institutions,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.83,0:02:26.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the research and publication process\Nworks the same way.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.23,0:02:30.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, scholars produce\Nresearch in their fields.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.56,0:02:34.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To fund their research,\Nthey apply for public and private grants
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.73,0:02:36.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and after the research is finished,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.43,0:02:38.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they write a paper about their findings.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.88,0:02:41.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then they submit that paper\Nto relevant academic journals.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.81,0:02:45.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then it goes through a process\Ncalled peer review,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.20,0:02:47.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which essentially means that other experts
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.23,0:02:49.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are checking it\Nfor accuracy and credibility.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.55,0:02:52.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then, once it's published,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.91,0:02:56.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for-profit companies\Nresell that information
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.03,0:02:57.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,back to universities and public libraries
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.02,0:03:00.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through journal\Nand database subscriptions.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.04,0:03:03.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, that's the system.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.19,0:03:08.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Research, write, peer-review,\Npublish, repeat.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.32,0:03:12.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My friends and I call it\Nfeeding the monster.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.66,0:03:16.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can see how this\Nmight create some problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.73,0:03:22.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first problem is that most\Nacademic research is publicly funded
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.40,0:03:24.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but privately distributed.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.27,0:03:29.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every year, the federal government\Nspends 60 billion dollars on research.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.50,0:03:32.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,According to the National\NScience Foundation,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.64,0:03:35.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,29 percent of that goes\Nto public research universities.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.81,0:03:41.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, if you're quick at math,\Nthat's 17.4 billion dollars.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.71,0:03:42.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tax dollars.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.67,0:03:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And just five corporations are responsible
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.02,0:03:48.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for distributing most\Npublicly funded research.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.64,0:03:52.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2014 just one of those companies
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.18,0:03:54.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made 1.5 billion dollars in profit.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.50,0:03:56.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a big business.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.52,0:04:00.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I bet you can see the irony here.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.37,0:04:03.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If the public is funding\Nacademics' research,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.43,0:04:07.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but then we have to pay again\Nto access the results,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.87,0:04:09.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's like we're paying for it twice.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.86,0:04:12.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the other major problem
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.19,0:04:14.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that most academics\Ndon't have a whole lot of incentive
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.94,0:04:18.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to publish outside of these prestigious\Nsubscription-based journals.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.99,0:04:21.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Universities build their tenure\Nand promotion systems
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.59,0:04:23.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around the number of times\Nscholars publish.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.34,0:04:28.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, books and journal articles are kind of\Nlike a form of currency for scholars.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.62,0:04:32.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Publishing articles helps you get tenure\Nand more research grants down the road.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.35,0:04:37.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But academics are not rewarded\Nfor publishing with popular media.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.78,0:04:41.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, this is the status quo.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.00,0:04:44.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The current academic ecosystem.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.82,0:04:47.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I don't think it has to be this way.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.78,0:04:50.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can make some simple changes\Nto flip the script.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.40,0:04:55.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, first, let's start\Nby discussing access.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.07,0:05:00.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Universities can begin\Nto challenge the status quo
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.06,0:05:02.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by rewarding scholars for publishing
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.13,0:05:04.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just in these\Nsubscription-based journals,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.92,0:05:08.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in open-access journals\Nas well as on popular media.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.67,0:05:12.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, the open-access movement\Nis starting to make some progress
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.66,0:05:13.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in mini disciplines,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.01,0:05:17.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and fortunately, some other\Nbig players have started to notice.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.25,0:05:21.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Google Scholar has made\Nopen-access research
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.96,0:05:23.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,searchable and easier to find.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.08,0:05:28.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Congress, last year, introduced a bill
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.32,0:05:31.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that suggests that academic\Nresearch projects
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.78,0:05:34.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with over 100 million or more in funding
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.86,0:05:36.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,should develop an open-access policy.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.49,0:05:42.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this year, NASA opened up its entire\Nresearch library to the public.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.35,0:05:46.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, you can see this idea\Nis beginning to catch on.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.58,0:05:50.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But access isn't just about being able
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.03,0:05:52.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get your hands\Non a document or a study.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.16,0:05:54.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's also about making sure
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.82,0:05:57.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that that document or study\Nis easily understood.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.83,0:06:00.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, let's talk about translation.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.50,0:06:08.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't envision this translation to look\Nlike the six degrees of separation
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.87,0:06:10.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I illustrated earlier.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.85,0:06:15.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead, what if scholars were able\Nto take the research that they're doing
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.96,0:06:17.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and translate it on popular media
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.82,0:06:20.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and be able to engage with the public?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.67,0:06:23.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If scholars did this,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.06,0:06:26.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the degrees of separation\Nbetween the public and research
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.34,0:06:27.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would shrink by a lot.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.28,0:06:32.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, you see, I'm not suggesting\Na dumbing-down of the research.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.24,0:06:35.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm just suggesting that we give\Nthe public access to that research
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.47,0:06:39.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that we shift the venue\Nand focus on using plain language
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.43,0:06:42.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that the public\Nwho's paying for the research
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.14,0:06:43.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can also consume it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.40,0:06:48.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there are some\Nother benefits to this approach.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.43,0:06:52.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By showing the public\Nhow their tax dollars
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.31,0:06:54.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are being used to fund research,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.48,0:06:57.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they can begin to redefine\Nuniversities' identities
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.76,0:07:01.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that universities' identities\Nare not just based on a football team
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.74,0:07:03.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the degrees they grant,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.86,0:07:06.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but on the research\Nthat's being produced there.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.16,0:07:12.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when there's a healthy relationship\Nbetween the public and scholars,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.16,0:07:15.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it encourages public\Nparticipation in research.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.67,0:07:19.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can you imagine what that might look like?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.19,0:07:21.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if social scientists
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.85,0:07:25.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,helped local police redesign\Ntheir sensitivity trainings
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.50,0:07:29.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then collaboratively wrote\Na manual to model future trainings?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.92,0:07:33.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or what if our education professors
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.59,0:07:36.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,consulted with our local public schools
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.71,0:07:39.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to decide how we're going to intervene\Nwith our [unclear] students
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.92,0:07:42.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then wrote about it\Nin a local newspaper?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.41,0:07:46.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because a functioning democracy
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.67,0:07:50.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,requires that the public be\Nwell educated and well informed.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.03,0:07:55.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead of research happening\Nbehind paywalls and bureaucracy,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.36,0:07:58.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wouldn't it be better\Nif it was unfolding right in front of us?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.42,0:08:03.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, as a PhD student,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.13,0:08:06.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I realize I'm critiquing\Nthe club I want to join.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.67,0:08:09.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which is a dangerous thing to do,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.30,0:08:12.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since I'm going to be on the academic\Njob market in a couple of years.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.35,0:08:16.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if the status quo in academic research
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.83,0:08:19.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to publish in the echo chambers\Nof for-profit journals
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.68,0:08:22.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that never reach the public,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.08,0:08:25.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you better believe\Nmy answer is going to be, "nope."
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.08,0:08:29.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I believe in inclusive,\Ndemocratic research
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.54,0:08:33.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that works in the community\Nand talks with the public.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.73,0:08:36.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to work in research\Nand in academic culture
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.11,0:08:39.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the public is not only seen\Nas a valuable audience,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.93,0:08:42.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but a constituent, a participant.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.07,0:08:46.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in some cases even the expert.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.85,0:08:52.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this isn't just about
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.53,0:08:55.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,giving you guys access to information.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.77,0:09:01.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's about shifting academic culture\Nfrom publishing to practice
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.83,0:09:04.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and from talking to doing.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.46,0:09:09.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you should know\Nthat this idea, this hope
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.21,0:09:11.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it doesn't just belong to me.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.74,0:09:15.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm standing on the shoulders\Nof many scholars, teachers,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.70,0:09:18.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,librarians and community members
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.70,0:09:22.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who also advocate for including\Nmore people in the conversation.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.91,0:09:25.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I hope you join our conversation, too.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.54,0:09:26.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.73,0:09:31.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)