[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.78,0:00:08.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How did Adolf Hitler,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.34,0:00:12.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a tyrant who orchestrated one of the\Nlargest genocides in human history,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.75,0:00:16.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rise to power in a democratic country?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.51,0:00:19.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The story begins at the end\Nof World War I.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.74,0:00:22.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With the successful \NAllied advance in 1918,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.80,0:00:26.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Germany realized the war was unwinnable
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.26,0:00:29.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and signed an armistice \Nending the fighting.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.57,0:00:31.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As its imperial government collapsed,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.70,0:00:36.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,civil unrest and worker strikes\Nspread across the nation.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.01,0:00:37.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fearing a Communist revolution,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.90,0:00:41.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,major parties joined \Nto suppress the uprisings,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.56,0:00:45.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,establishing the parliamentary\NWeimar Republic.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.35,0:00:47.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the new government's first tasks
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.48,0:00:51.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was implementing the peace treaty\Nimposed by the Allies.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.62,0:00:56.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In addition to losing over a tenth\Nof its territory and dismantling its army,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.30,0:01:02.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Germany had to accept full responsibility\Nfor the war and pay reparations,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.26,0:01:06.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,debilitating its already weakened economy.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.02,0:01:10.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All this was seen as a humiliation\Nby many nationalists and veterans.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.93,0:01:13.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They wrongly believed the war \Ncould have been won
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.72,0:01:19.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if the army hadn't been betrayed\Nby politicians and protesters.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.41,0:01:22.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For Hitler, these views became obsession,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.47,0:01:28.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and his bigotry and paranoid delusions\Nlead him to pin the blame on Jews.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.37,0:01:32.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His words found resonance in a society\Nwith many anti-semitic people.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.50,0:01:35.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By this time, hundreds \Nof thousands of jews
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.31,0:01:37.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had integrated into German society,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.95,0:01:42.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but many Germans continued to perceive\Nthem as outsiders.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.62,0:01:47.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After World War I, Jewish success lead\Nto ungrounded accusations
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.58,0:01:51.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of subversion and war profiteering.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.03,0:01:54.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It can not be stressed enough that these\Nconspiracy theories
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.40,0:01:56.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were born out of fear,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.19,0:01:57.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anger,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.10,0:01:58.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and bigotry,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.35,0:01:59.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not fact.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.96,0:02:02.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nonetheless, Hitler found \Nsuccess with them.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.53,0:02:05.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When he joined a small nationalist\Npolitical party,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.97,0:02:09.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,his manipulative public speaking\Nlaunched him into its leadership
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.84,0:02:12.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and drew increasingly larger crowds.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.88,0:02:16.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Combining anti-Semitism with \Npopulist resentment,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.15,0:02:19.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Nazis denounced both Communism\Nand Capitalism
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.75,0:02:24.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as international Jewish conspiracies\Nto destroy Germany.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.82,0:02:27.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Nazi party was not initially popular.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.85,0:02:31.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After they made an unsuccessful attempt\Nat overthrowing the government,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.34,0:02:33.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the party was banned,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.16,0:02:35.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Hitler jailed for treason.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.68,0:02:37.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But upon his release about a year later,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.93,0:02:41.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he immediately began to rebuild\Nthe movement.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.20,0:02:45.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then, in 1929, \Nthe Great Depression happened.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.38,0:02:49.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It led to American banks withdrawing\Ntheir loans from Germany,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.06,0:02:54.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the already struggling German economy\Ncollapsed overnight.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.01,0:02:56.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hitler took advantage \Nof the people's anger,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.44,0:02:58.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,offering them convenient scapegoats
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.34,0:03:02.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a promise to restore Germany's\Nformer greatness.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.22,0:03:06.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mainstream parties proved\Nunable to handle the crisis
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.04,0:03:11.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while left-wing opposition was too\Nfragmented by internal squabbles.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.13,0:03:15.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so some of the frustrated public\Nflocked to the Nazis,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.43,0:03:22.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,increasing their parliamentary votes from\Nunder 3% to over 18% in just two years.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.65,0:03:25.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1932, Hitler ran for President,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.48,0:03:30.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,losing the election to decorated war hero\NGeneral von Hindenburg.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.27,0:03:35.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But with 36% of the vote, Hitler had\Ndemonstrated the extent of his support.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.86,0:03:38.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The following year, advisors \Nand business leaders
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.86,0:03:42.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,convinced Hindenburg to appoint Hitler\Nas Chancellor,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.88,0:03:46.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hoping to channel his popularity\Nfor their own goals.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.78,0:03:50.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Though the Chancellor was only\Nthe administrative head of parliament,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.13,0:03:54.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hitler steadily expanded the power\Nof his position.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.08,0:03:56.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While his supporters formed \Nparamilitary groups
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.93,0:03:59.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and fought protestors in streets.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.32,0:04:02.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hitler raised fears \Nof a Communist uprising
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.94,0:04:06.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and argued that only he could restore\Nlaw and order.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.87,0:04:08.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then in 1933,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.82,0:04:13.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a young worker was convicted of\Nsetting fire to the parliament building.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.84,0:04:16.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hitler used the event to convince\Nthe government
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.66,0:04:19.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to grant him emergency powers.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.38,0:04:23.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Within a matter of months,\NFreedom of the Press was abolished,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.38,0:04:25.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,other parties were disbanded,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.24,0:04:28.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and anti-Jewish laws were passed.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.78,0:04:33.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many of Hitler's early radical supporters\Nwere arrested and executed,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.42,0:04:35.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,along with potential rivals,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.48,0:04:38.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when President Hindenburg died\Nin August 1934,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.98,0:04:42.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was clear there would be \Nno new election.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.30,0:04:47.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Disturbingly, many of Hitler's early \Nmeasures didn't require mass repression.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.56,0:04:50.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His speeches exploited \Npeople's fear and ire
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.61,0:04:54.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to drive their support behind him\Nand the Nazi party.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.57,0:04:57.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Meanwhile, businessmen and intellectuals,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.10,0:04:59.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wanting to be on the right side \Nof public opinion,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.74,0:05:01.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,endorsed Hitler.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.39,0:05:03.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They assured themselves and each other
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.24,0:05:06.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that his more extreme rhetoric \Nwas only for show.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.29,0:05:09.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Decades later, Hitler's rise remains \Na warning
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.98,0:05:15.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of how fragile democratic institutions\Ncan be in the face of angry crowds
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.10,0:05:19.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a leader willing to feed their anger\Nand exploit their fears.