[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.73,0:00:11.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Slavery, the treatment of human beings \Nas property, deprived of personal rights
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.60,0:00:14.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has occurred in many forms \Nthroughout the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.45,0:00:20.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bue one institution stands out for both\Nits global scale and its lasting legacy.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.12,0:00:22.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Atlantic Slave Trade,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.02,0:00:25.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,occurring from the late 15th\Nto the mid 19th century,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.68,0:00:27.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and spanning three continents,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.43,0:00:31.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,forcibly brought more than 10 million \NAfricans to the Americas.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.91,0:00:35.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The impact it would leave affected\Nnot only these slaves
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.19,0:00:36.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and their descendants,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.51,0:00:40.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the economies and histories\Nof large parts of the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.65,0:00:43.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There had been centuries of contact\Nbetween Europe and Africa
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.87,0:00:45.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,via the Mediterranean.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.75,0:00:49.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the Atlantic Slave Trade \Nbegan in the late 1400s
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.09,0:00:51.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with Portuguese colonies in West Africa,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.66,0:00:55.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Spanish settlement \Nof the Americas shortly after.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.18,0:00:59.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The crops grown in the new colonies,\Nsugar cane, tobacco, and cotton,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.78,0:01:01.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were labor intensive,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.34,0:01:04.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there were not enough settlers \Nor indentured servants
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.06,0:01:06.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to cultivate all the new land.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.39,0:01:10.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,American Natives were enslaved, \Nbut many died from new diseases,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.95,0:01:12.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while others effectively resisted.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.92,0:01:15.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so to meet the massive \Ndemand for labor,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.84,0:01:18.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Europeans looked to Africa.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.44,0:01:22.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,African slavery had existed \Nfor centuries in various forms.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.06,0:01:24.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some slaves were indentured servants,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.07,0:01:27.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a limited term \Nand the chance to buy one's freedom.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.45,0:01:29.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Others were more like European serfs.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.76,0:01:33.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In some societies, slaves could \Nbe part of a master's family,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.25,0:01:36.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,own land, and even rise \Nto positions of power.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.78,0:01:39.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when white captains came offering \Nmanufactured goods,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.69,0:01:42.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,weapons, and rum for slaves,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.16,0:01:46.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,African kings and merchants \Nhad little reason to hesitate.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.24,0:01:50.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They viewed the people they sold \Nnot as fellow Africans,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.52,0:01:55.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but criminals, debtors, \Nor prisoners of war from rival tribes.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.88,0:01:59.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By selling them, kings enriched \Ntheir own realms,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.05,0:02:01.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and strengthened them \Nagainst neighboring enemies.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.96,0:02:04.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,African kingdoms prospered \Nfrom the slave trade,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.77,0:02:09.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but meeting the European's massive demand\Ncreated intense competition.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.36,0:02:11.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Slavery replaced other criminal sentences,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.97,0:02:15.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and capturing slaves \Nbecame a motivation for war,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.09,0:02:17.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather than its result.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.16,0:02:19.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To defend themselves from slave raids,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.32,0:02:21.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,neighboring kingdoms \Nneed European firearms,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.95,0:02:24.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which they also bought with slaves.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.84,0:02:27.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The slave trade had become an arms race,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.39,0:02:31.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,altering societies and economies \Nacross the continent.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.26,0:02:35.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As for the slaves themselves,\Nthey faced unimaginable brutality.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.33,0:02:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After being marched \Nto slave forts on the coast,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.00,0:02:41.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shaved to prevent lice, and branded,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.15,0:02:44.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were loaded onto ships \Nbound for the Americas.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.16,0:02:47.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,About 20% of them \Nwould never see land again.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.90,0:02:50.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most captains of the day \Nwere tight packers,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.81,0:02:53.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cramming as many men \Nas possible below deck.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.100,0:02:57.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While the lack of sanitation \Ncaused many to die of disease,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.56,0:03:00.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and others were thrown \Noverboard for being sick,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.16,0:03:01.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or as discipline,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.75,0:03:05.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the captain's ensured their profits \Nby cutting off slave's ears
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.95,0:03:08.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as proof of purchase.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.07,0:03:11.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some captives took matters \Ninto their own hands.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.30,0:03:15.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many inland Africans \Nhad never seen whites before,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.11,0:03:16.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and thought them to be cannibals,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.63,0:03:20.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,constantly taking people away \Nand returning for more.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.48,0:03:23.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Afraid of being eaten, \Nor just to avoid further suffering,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.99,0:03:27.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they committed suicide \Nor starved themselves,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.27,0:03:31.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,believing that in death,\Ntheir souls would return home.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.40,0:03:34.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those who survived \Nwere completley dehumanized,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.09,0:03:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,treated as mere cargo.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.00,0:03:39.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Women and children were kept above deck,\Nand abused by the crew,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.96,0:03:42.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while the men were made to perform dances
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.47,0:03:46.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to keep them exercised \Nand curb rebellion.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.96,0:03:49.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happened to those Africans \Nwho reached the New World
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.74,0:03:53.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how the legacy of slavery \Nstill affects their descendants today
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.18,0:03:54.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is fairly well known.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.94,0:03:56.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what is not often discussed
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.43,0:04:01.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the effect that the Atlantic \NSlave Trade had on Africa's future.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.45,0:04:05.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not only did the continent lose tens \Nof millions of its able-bodied population,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.49,0:04:08.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but because most of the slaves \Ntaken were men,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.54,0:04:11.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the long-term demographic \Neffect was even greater.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.89,0:04:15.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When the slave trade was finally \Noutlawed in the Americas and Europe,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.73,0:04:20.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the African kingdoms whose economies \Nit had come to dominate collapsed,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.35,0:04:23.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leaving them open \Nto conquest and colonization.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.72,0:04:27.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the increased competition \Nand influx of European weapons
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.26,0:04:31.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fueled warfare and instability \Nthat continues to this day.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.70,0:04:36.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Atlantic Slave Trade also contributed\Nto the development of racist ideology.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.39,0:04:40.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most African slavery had no deeper reason\Nthan legal punishment
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.24,0:04:41.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or intertribal warfare,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.100,0:04:44.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the Europeans \Nwho preached a universal religion,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.88,0:04:48.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and who had long ago \Noutlawed enslaving fellow Christians,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.54,0:04:50.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,needed justification for a practice
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.92,0:04:55.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so obviously at odds \Nwith their ideals of equality.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.13,0:04:58.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they claimed that \NAfricans were biologically inferior,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.65,0:05:00.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and destined to be slaves,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.59,0:05:03.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,making great efforts \Nto justify this theory.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.19,0:05:07.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thus, slavery in Europe and the Americas\Nacquired a racial basis,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.34,0:05:10.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,making it impossible for slaves \Nand their future descendants
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.50,0:05:13.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to attain equal status in society.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.63,0:05:14.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In all of these ways,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.77,0:05:18.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Atlantic Slave Trade \Nwas an injustice on a massive scale
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.57,0:05:21.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whose impact has continued \Nlong after its abolition.