0:00:00.560,0:00:02.020 We're now ready[br]to talk about one 0:00:02.020,0:00:04.530 of the most famous events[br]in all of world history 0:00:04.530,0:00:08.189 that really was the[br]trigger for World War I, 0:00:08.189,0:00:10.920 or the Great War, as it[br]was called back then. 0:00:10.920,0:00:12.720 So just as a little[br]bit of backdrop, 0:00:12.720,0:00:17.900 in 1908, the Austro-Hungarian[br]Empire formally 0:00:17.900,0:00:21.385 annexes Bosnia and Herzegovina. 0:00:25.620,0:00:28.450 It had already been occupying[br]it since the late 1800s, 0:00:28.450,0:00:30.740 since the Ottomans[br]were being pushed out. 0:00:30.740,0:00:34.076 But then in 1908, it[br]formally annexes it. 0:00:34.076,0:00:35.700 And just as a little[br]bit more backdrop, 0:00:35.700,0:00:41.010 as the Ottomans were being[br]pushed out of the Balkans, 0:00:41.010,0:00:45.580 it helped rekindle or[br]bring about more hope 0:00:45.580,0:00:49.711 of unifying the Yugoslavic[br]people, the southern Slavic 0:00:49.711,0:00:50.210 people. 0:00:50.210,0:00:53.520 When people talk about[br]Yugoslav, they're 0:00:53.520,0:00:55.800 literally talking about[br]the southern Slavs. 0:00:55.800,0:00:58.070 So that literally[br]means southern. 0:00:58.070,0:00:59.920 So you had these[br]nationalistic hopes. 0:00:59.920,0:01:02.490 But now in 1908, it was[br]already being occupied. 0:01:02.490,0:01:04.330 A significant[br]state, that would be 0:01:04.330,0:01:07.090 part of a potential[br]future Yugoslav, 0:01:07.090,0:01:11.550 was now formally annexed[br]by the Austro-Hungarians. 0:01:11.550,0:01:15.470 Now, you also had an independent[br]kingdom of Serbia right here. 0:01:15.470,0:01:17.230 And you can imagine[br]that this was the home 0:01:17.230,0:01:20.120 base of the[br]nationalistic movement. 0:01:20.120,0:01:23.120 If only they could add the other[br]southern Slavic states to this, 0:01:23.120,0:01:26.470 it could one day turn[br]into a greater Yugoslavia. 0:01:26.470,0:01:30.870 So in that context,[br]we get to 1914. 0:01:30.870,0:01:33.080 So let me draw a[br]little line here. 0:01:33.080,0:01:35.190 So we're getting to 1914. 0:01:35.190,0:01:39.060 June 28, which is one of[br]the most famous dates in all 0:01:39.060,0:01:40.300 of history. 0:01:40.300,0:01:44.600 And you have the Archduke Franz[br]Ferdinand and his wife, Sophie. 0:01:44.600,0:01:50.940 They're visiting Sarajevo[br]which is now in annexed Bosnia. 0:01:50.940,0:01:53.690 And when they are[br]there, there is a ploy. 0:01:53.690,0:01:56.930 There is a scheme[br]to assassinate them, 0:01:56.930,0:02:00.190 from a group-- they're[br]called the Young Bosnians. 0:02:00.190,0:02:02.960 They have ties to[br]the Black Hand, 0:02:02.960,0:02:06.320 which is this[br]nationalistic group. 0:02:06.320,0:02:08.930 That has ties, many,[br]many people say-- 0:02:08.930,0:02:11.450 all these things are all very[br]shady and behind the back, 0:02:11.450,0:02:12.580 behind the scenes. 0:02:12.580,0:02:17.440 But it has ties to elements[br]in the kingdom of Serbia. 0:02:17.440,0:02:21.750 They attempt to assassinate[br]Archduke Franz Ferdinand. 0:02:21.750,0:02:24.050 And it's actually[br]a fascinating story 0:02:24.050,0:02:26.350 because the initial[br]assassination attempt 0:02:26.350,0:02:28.750 is completely,[br]completely botched. 0:02:28.750,0:02:31.150 There's even one case of[br]a guy, one of the guys 0:02:31.150,0:02:33.290 who tried to be an assassin[br]when it gets botched, 0:02:33.290,0:02:35.310 he tries to bite on[br]a cyanide capsule 0:02:35.310,0:02:37.240 and then jump into a river. 0:02:37.240,0:02:39.110 The cyanide capsule[br]had gone bad. 0:02:39.110,0:02:40.730 The river was only[br]10 inches deep. 0:02:40.730,0:02:42.990 And so they were able to[br]get their hands on him. 0:02:42.990,0:02:46.010 And one of the conspirators,[br]Gavrilo Princip-- 0:02:46.010,0:02:48.010 at this point, once the[br]whole thing was botched, 0:02:48.010,0:02:50.920 he gives up on the whole[br]assassination attempt. 0:02:50.920,0:02:55.360 And he's having, literally, a[br]sandwich at a cafe in Sarajevo, 0:02:55.360,0:02:58.580 thinking about how botched[br]their whole attempt was. 0:02:58.580,0:03:01.040 And while that was[br]happening, a mistake 0:03:01.040,0:03:05.790 on the part of those planning[br]Archduke Franz Ferdinand's 0:03:05.790,0:03:08.830 route as he was[br]traveling within Sarajevo 0:03:08.830,0:03:11.510 has them driving right[br]near Gavrilo Princip. 0:03:11.510,0:03:13.367 So he sees, all of a[br]sudden, that they've 0:03:13.367,0:03:15.700 taken the wrong route, that[br]they're driving right by him 0:03:15.700,0:03:16.600 again. 0:03:16.600,0:03:17.570 Remember, his[br]people already knew 0:03:17.570,0:03:19.486 that there was an[br]assassination attempt on him 0:03:19.486,0:03:20.810 earlier in the day. 0:03:20.810,0:03:22.760 So they should have[br]been more careful. 0:03:22.760,0:03:25.910 Now, Gavrilo Princip gets[br]up, puts his sandwich down, 0:03:25.910,0:03:29.030 and starts walking over to[br]where he sees Archduke Franz 0:03:29.030,0:03:31.160 Ferdinand and[br]Sophie's car going. 0:03:31.160,0:03:33.244 Now, the drivers,[br]once they realized 0:03:33.244,0:03:34.660 that they had made[br]a mistake, they 0:03:34.660,0:03:36.320 had taken a less safe route. 0:03:36.320,0:03:38.990 They tried to back up, which[br]makes things even worse 0:03:38.990,0:03:40.780 because then the[br]car starts stalling. 0:03:40.780,0:03:43.650 And Gavrilo Princip[br]literally walks up to the car 0:03:43.650,0:03:47.191 and is able to shoot Archduke[br]Franz Ferdinand and Sophie. 0:03:47.191,0:03:49.440 And just to give you a sense[br]of how important this is, 0:03:49.440,0:03:52.110 Archduke Franz Ferdinand[br]of Austria is the heir. 0:03:52.110,0:03:58.330 He's the nephew of[br]Franz Josef, who 0:03:58.330,0:04:00.680 was the ruler of[br]Austria-Hungary. 0:04:00.680,0:04:02.980 And so he is the[br]heir to the empire. 0:04:02.980,0:04:06.850 And so he gets assassinated[br]by Gavrilo Princip. 0:04:06.850,0:04:20.410 So Franz Ferdinand assassinated[br]by Gavrilo Princip. 0:04:20.410,0:04:22.970 And we have right over[br]here a picture right 0:04:22.970,0:04:24.870 after Gavrilo[br]Princip-- I believe 0:04:24.870,0:04:27.030 this is Gavrilo Princip[br]right over here, 0:04:27.030,0:04:31.000 right after he was arrested. 0:04:31.000,0:04:32.560 And just to get a[br]little sense of how 0:04:32.560,0:04:37.080 this was tied to this[br]whole Yugoslavian 0:04:37.080,0:04:38.560 nationalistic movement. 0:04:38.560,0:04:41.100 This is what he said[br]once he was arrested. 0:04:41.100,0:04:43.320 "I am a Yugoslav[br]nationalist, aiming 0:04:43.320,0:04:46.350 for the unification[br]of all Yugoslavs, 0:04:46.350,0:04:48.800 and I do not care[br]what form of state, 0:04:48.800,0:04:52.180 but it must be free of Austria." 0:04:52.180,0:04:56.250 So this act, this[br]assassination motivated 0:04:56.250,0:04:58.870 by a nationalistic movement,[br]motivated by a desire 0:04:58.870,0:05:02.045 to maybe merge Bosnia and[br]Herzegovina with Serbia 0:05:02.045,0:05:04.238 and maybe eventually[br]Croatia, with Bosnia 0:05:04.238,0:05:06.040 and Herzegovina and Serbia. 0:05:06.040,0:05:08.850 This assassination, as[br]we'll see in the next video, 0:05:08.850,0:05:11.630 is the trigger for[br]all of World War I. 0:05:11.630,0:05:14.799 And the reason why it triggers[br]it is because, well, there's 0:05:14.799,0:05:15.840 many things you can cite. 0:05:15.840,0:05:18.990 You could argue that many[br]of the empires in Europe 0:05:18.990,0:05:21.360 were already[br]militarizing, already 0:05:21.360,0:05:22.970 had a desire for conflict. 0:05:22.970,0:05:25.260 But then you also had all[br]of these alliances that 0:05:25.260,0:05:28.154 essentially allowed the dominoes[br]to fall in all of Europe. 0:05:28.154,0:05:30.320 And because they had these[br]empires, essentially much 0:05:30.320,0:05:33.720 of the world to be at[br]war with each other.