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- [Voiceover] Hello[br]grammarians, and hello Paige.

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- [Voiceover] Hi David.

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- [Voiceover] So today we're[br]going to be talking about

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the appositive, which is[br]just a monster of a word.

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I can tell you that from[br]my limited study of Latin

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it comes from ad positio,[br]which is "putting on",

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which doesn't really necessarily help.

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What is this thing?

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What is this device, how do we use it,

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and what does it have to do with commas?

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- [Voiceover] That is a great question.

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The definition itself is[br]also kind of confusing,

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but it'll make a lot of sense[br]when we see some examples.

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My older sister, Griselda, is[br]going to college in the fall.

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- [Voiceover] Okay, so, an appositive,

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what is the definition[br]of an appositive then?

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- [Voiceover] So it is a[br]noun phrase that clarifies

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or redefines its antecedent.

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- [Voiceover] And an antecedent[br]is just something that comes

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before, so what we're doing[br]here with Griselda is,

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we are redefining or clarifying[br]who my older sister is,

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so in order to do that,[br]we're putting it between

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these commas like so, and[br]we're just saying it again.

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My older sister, Griselda, is[br]going to college in the fall.

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- [Voiceover] Right.

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- [Voiceover] But it[br]doesn't always have to be

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in the middle like this, right.

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- [Voiceover] That's true,[br]it can be say, at the end.

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So, they stopped selling my[br]favorite snack, the Cookie Cat.

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- [Voiceover] I am so sorry.

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- [Voiceover] I know. It's so sad.

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- [Voiceover] So we've got[br]this apposition then at the end

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of the sentence, so my favorite[br]snack is being redefined

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or clarified by Cookie Cat.

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Or rather, Cookie Cat is clarifying

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or redefining my favorite snack.

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- [Voiceover] Right.

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I could just say, "They stopped[br]selling my favorite snack."

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- [Voiceover] That could just[br]be its own sentence right.

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- [Voiceover] Totally.

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- [Voiceover] They stopped[br]selling my favorite snack.

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My older sister is going[br]to college in the fall.

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This stuff isn't essential

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to the understanding of the sentence.

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- [Voiceover] Right, but if you don't know

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what my favorite snack[br]is, then it's helpful

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for me to say, the Cookie Cat.

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- [Voiceover] So you can use[br]them as in the first sentence,

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my older sister comma Griselda[br]comma is going to college

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in the fall, or you can use[br]it as in the second sentence,

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they stopped selling my favorite snack

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comma the Cookie Cat period.

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- [Voiceover] Right.

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You don't need another comma.

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- [Voiceover] Right.

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- [Voiceover] At the end.

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- [Voiceover] Let's change[br]that back into a comma.

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- [Voiceover] So this is[br]just another illustration

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of the separating power of[br]the comma, cuz we're using it

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to set off this explanatory,[br]clarifying element

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in the middle or at the[br]end of these sentences.

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- [Voiceover] Yeah, exactly,[br]that's what the comma does.

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Man, it seems like commas can do anything.

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- [Voiceover] Yeah,[br]it's pretty incredible.

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You know what else can do anything?

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- [Voiceover] What?

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- [Voiceover] The viewer, you the viewer,

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you can learn anything.

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That's the appositive and[br]how it relates to commas.

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David out.

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- [Voiceover] Paige out.