0:00:01.226,0:00:02.732 As an archaeologist, 0:00:02.732,0:00:05.830 I'm most often asked[br]what my favorite discovery is. 0:00:06.657,0:00:08.980 The answer is easy: 0:00:08.980,0:00:10.537 my husband, Greg. 0:00:10.537,0:00:11.587 (Laughter) 0:00:11.812,0:00:14.075 We met in Egypt on my first dig. 0:00:14.324,0:00:18.847 It was my first lesson in finding[br]unexpected, wonderful things. 0:00:20.077,0:00:23.226 This began an incredible[br]archaeological partnership. 0:00:24.640,0:00:26.141 Years later, 0:00:26.326,0:00:29.720 I proposed to him in front of our[br]favorite pair statue 0:00:29.875,0:00:32.959 of the Prince and Princess[br]Rahotep and Nofret, 0:00:33.129,0:00:34.286 in the Cairo Museum, 0:00:34.433,0:00:36.531 dating to 4600 years ago. 0:00:36.755,0:00:37.561 I mean, look at them, 0:00:37.732,0:00:38.306 they're incredible. 0:00:38.514,0:00:40.543 I think they should be everyone's[br]favorite pair statue. 0:00:40.719,0:00:41.879 (Laughter) 0:00:42.444,0:00:47.444 I thought if I was going to ask Greg[br]to spend the rest of this life with me 0:00:47.587,0:00:48.795 that I should ask him 0:00:49.011,0:00:53.027 in front of two people who had pledged[br]to be together for eternity. 0:00:54.945,0:00:56.348 These symbols endure, 0:00:56.478,0:00:57.833 because when we look at them, 0:00:58.077,0:00:59.745 we're looking at mirrors. 0:00:59.933,0:01:01.644 They are powerful reminders 0:01:01.833,0:01:04.979 that our common humanity has not changed. 0:01:06.450,0:01:11.879 The thrill of archaeological discovery[br]is as powerful as love 0:01:12.024,0:01:17.366 because Ancient history is the most[br]seductive mistress imaginable. 0:01:17.796,0:01:20.214 Many archaeologists[br]have devoted their lives 0:01:20.348,0:01:27.250 to unraveling the mysteries of the past[br]under hot suns and Arctic winds, 0:01:27.389,0:01:29.412 and in dense rainforests. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Many seek, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 some discover, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 all worship at the temple of possibility 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that one discovery might change history. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 On my first day in Egypt, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I worked at a site[br]in the Northeast Egyptian Delta, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 at a site called Mendes, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 dating to 4,200 years ago in a cemetary. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 That's a picture of me -- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I'm just in my bliss, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 on a dig, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 surrounded by emerald green rice patties, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I discovered an intact pot. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Flipping it over, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I discovered a human thumb print[br]left by whoever made the vessel. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 For a moment, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 time stood still. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I didn't know where I was. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 It was because at the moment I realized, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 when we dig, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 we're digging for people, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 not things. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Never are we so present as when[br]we are in the midst of the great past. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I can't tell you how many times I've stood[br]in front of the Pyramids of Giza, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and they leave me speechless. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I feel like the luckiest[br]person in the world. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 They're a monument to our human brilliance[br]and everything that is possible. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Many cannot process[br]their brilliance as human -- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 think that aliens built them -- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 but this is ridiculous. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 All you need to do[br]is get up close and personal 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and see the hidden hand of man 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 in the chisel marks left[br]by the tools that built them. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 The Great Pyramid of Giza[br]was built one stone at a time 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 with 2.3 million blocks 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 with incredible bureaucratic efficiency. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 It is not the pyramids[br]that stand the test of time, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 it is human ingenuity. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 That is our shared human brilliance. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 History may be cyclical, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 but are singular. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I love what I do, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 because I learn that we haven't changed. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I get to read about mother-in-law[br]jokes from Mesopotamia 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 from 3500 years ago. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I get to hear about neighbors cursing[br]each other from 4600 years ago 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 in Egypt. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And my absolute favorite, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 from 3,300 years ago in Luxor, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 an inscription that describes school boys[br]who cut class to go drinking. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (Laughter) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Kids these days. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (Laughter) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I get to see the most[br]incredible architecture, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 see stunning sculptures -- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I mean this is basically[br]a selfie in stone -- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and see that we've always[br]rocked serious bling. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And also, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 we've been posting on walls, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and obsessing about cats -- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (Laughter) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 for thousands of years. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (Laughter) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (Applause) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Archaeologists are the cultural[br]memory preservers 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and the spokespeople for billions[br]of people 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and the thousands of cultures[br]that came before us. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Good science, imagination[br]and a leap of faith 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 are the trifecta we use to raise the dead. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 In the last year, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 achaeologists have made[br]incredible discoveries, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 including ... 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 new human ancestors from South Africa, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 tools from 3.3 million years ago -- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 these are the oldest tools[br]ever discovered -- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 in Kenya. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And this, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 from a series of medical implements found[br]from Blackbeard's ship from 1718. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 What you're looking at is a medical tool[br]used to treat syphilis. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Ouch. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 But how cool is that? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (Laughter) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 For each of these, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 there are thousands of other[br]incredibly important discoveries 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 made by my colleagues 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that do not make headlines. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 However, I believe that the most[br]important thing we do as archaeologists 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 is acknowledge that past people existed 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and lived lives worth learning about. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Can you even imagine what[br]the world would be like today 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 if we acknowledged all[br]human beings in this way? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So, on a dig, you have a challenge: 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 it often looks like this. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 You can't see anything. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Where are we going to start digging? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 This is from a site south of Cairo, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 so let's have a look from space. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Again, you can't really see much. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 What you're looking at is[br]a WorldView-3 satellite image, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 which has a .3 meter resolution. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 That's 10 inches. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 This means that you can zoom in[br]from 400 miles in space, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and see your tablets. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 How do I know about this? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 It's because I'm a space archaeologist. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Let me repeat that. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I am a space archaeologist. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 This means -- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (Applause) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Thank you. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 This means that I use satellite images, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and process them using algorithms, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and look at subtle differences[br]in the light spectrum 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that indicate buried things[br]under the ground 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that I get to go excavate and survey. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 By the way, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 NASA has a Space Archaeology program, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 so it's a real job. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (Laughter) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So let's have a look again. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We're back at the site[br]just South of Cairo. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 You can' see anything, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 so keep your eye on the red rectangle. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 When we process the image[br]using algorithms -- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 think like a space-based cat scan -- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 this is what you see. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 This rectilinear form is an Ancient tomb 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that is previously unknown[br]and unexcavated, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and you all are the first people[br]to see it in thousands of years. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (Applause) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I believe we have barely[br]scratched the surface 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 in terms of what's left to discover. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 In the Egyptian Delta alone, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 we've excavated less than[br]one-1000th of one percent 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 of the total volume of Egyptian sites. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 When you add to that 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 the thousands of other sites[br]my team and I have discovered, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 what we thought we knew[br]pales in comparison 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 to what we have left to discover. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 When you look at the incredible work[br]that my colleagues are doing 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 all around the world, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and what they're finding, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I believe that there are millions[br]of undiscovered archaeological sites 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 left to find. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Discovering them will do nothing less 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 than unlock the full potential[br]of our existence. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 But we have a challenge. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Over the last year, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 we've seen horrible headlines 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 of incredible destruction going on[br]to archaeological sites, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and massive looting by people like ISIL. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 ISIL has destroyed temples at Palmyra. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Who blows up a temple? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 They've destroyed the Tomb of Jonah, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and we've seen looting at sites so rampant[br]it looks like craters of the moon. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Knowing ISIL's desire to destroy[br]modern human lives, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 it's a natural extension for them[br]to destroy cultural identity as well. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Countless invading armies[br]have done the same throughout history. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We know that ISIL is profiting[br]from the looting of sites, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 but we don't know the scale. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 This means that any object purchased[br]on the market today from the Middle East 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 could potentially be funding terrorism. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 When a site is looted, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 it's as if a puzzle already missing[br]90 percnet of it pieces 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 has had the rest obscured[br]beyond recognition. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 This is ancient identity theft writ large. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We know that there are two kinds[br]of looting going on: 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 looting by criminal elements like ISIL, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 which of course is something that we[br]can barely come to terms with, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and then more local looting[br]by those that are desperate for money. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We would all do the same[br]to feed our families. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I don't blame the local looters. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I blame the middlemen, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 the unethical trafficers, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and an International art market 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that exploits often ambiguous[br]or often completely nonexistent laws. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We know looting is going on[br]on a global scale and it's increasing, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 but presently we don't have[br]any tools to stop it. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 This is beginning to change. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 My team and I have just completed a study[br]looking at looting in Egypt, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and we looked at open source data, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and mapped the entirety[br]of looting across Egypt 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 from 2002 to 2013. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We found evidence of looting[br]and site destruction 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 at 267 sites, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and mapped over 200,000 looting pits. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 It's astonishing. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And putting that data together, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 you can see the looting pits marked here. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And one site, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 as the looting got bad[br]from 2009, 2011, 2012 -- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 hundreds of hundreds of pits. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Putting all the data together, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 what we found is that contrary[br]to popular opinion, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 looting did not start to get worse[br]in Egypt in 2011 after the Arab Spring, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 but in 2009, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 after the global recession. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Thus, we've shown with big data 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that looting is fundamentally[br]an economic issue. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 If we do nothing to stop the problem, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 all of Egypt's sites will be[br]affected by looting by 2040. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Thus, we are at a tipping point. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We are the generation with all the tools[br]and all the technologies to stop looting, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 but we're not working fast enough. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Sometimes an archaeological site[br]can surprise you with its resilience. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I am just back from the field 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 where I co-led joint mission[br]with Egypt's Ministry of Antiquites 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 at a site called Lisht. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 This site dates to the middle[br]kingdom of Egypt between 2000 and 1750 BC. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 The middle kingdom was Ancient Egypt's[br]Renaissance period. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 After a time of intense internal strife, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and environmental challenges, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Egypt rebounded 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 with an incredible resurgence[br]of art, architecture and literature. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 It's a favorite period of time[br]to study in Egypt, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 because it teaches us so much 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 about how we can survive and thrive[br]after great disasters. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Now, at this site, we had already mapped[br]countless looting pits. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Lisht is a [royal] site, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 there would have been thousands[br]of people buried there 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 who lived and worked[br]at the court of Pharoah, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and you can see this before and after -- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 you see dozens of looting pits. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 North Lisht. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 This is in South Lisht: 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 before ... 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and after. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 When we first visited the site, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 we could see the tombs[br]of many high-ranking officials 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that had been looted. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Let me put into perspective[br]for you what was taken. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Imagine a two meter-by-two meter area 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 full of coffins, jewelry[br]and incredible statuary. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Multiply that times over a thousand. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 That's what was taken. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So when we started work, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 my Egyptian co-director, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Mohamed Youssef, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 approached me and said, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 "We must work at this one particular tomb, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 it's been attacked by looters. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 If we don't do anything, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 they'll be back." 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Of course I agreed, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 but I didn't think we'd find anything. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I thought the looters[br]had stolen everything. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 What we started to find[br]was the most incredible reliefs. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I mean, look at this painting -- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 it's just stunning. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We started finding engraved inscriptions. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And even the titles of the tomb owner -- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 he had titles like,[br]"Overseer of the Army," 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 "Overseer of the Treasury." 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I began to have hope. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Maybe, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 just maybe we would find his name. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 For the Ancient Egyptians, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 having your name last[br]for eternity was their goal. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And then one day, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 this appeared. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 This is the name of the tomb owner, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Intf. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 You can see it written out[br]here in hieroglyphs. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Working together with my Egyptian team, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 we had restored someone's name[br]from 3,900 years ago. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So here's the thing. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I promised my team[br]that if we found his name, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I would ululate. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Ululation is a modern Egyptian[br]woman's victory song. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 A promise is a promise. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Intf, son of [Ippe], 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 overseer of the army, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 the justified -- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 this is for you. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (Ululating) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (Applause) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Working together[br]with my Egyptian colleagues, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 we celebrated this moment[br]of shared discovery. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 What we were doing together[br]was right and true. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We found this incredible false door, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 mostly intact. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 On it we read about Intf[br]and his inscriptions. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 You can actually even see him seated here. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 What I realized 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 is that everything I had assumed[br]about looted sites has been wrong. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Every day on site we worked together[br]with 70 Egyptians 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 as colleagues and friends. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 In the face of so much[br]hatred and ignorance 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 against those in the Middle East, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 every moment on site felt like[br]a protest for peace. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 When you work with those 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that don't look like you[br]or think like you or speak like you, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 your shared mission[br]of archaeological discovery 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 erases all superficial differences. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 What I learned this season 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 is that archaeology[br]isn't about what you find, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 it's about what you can prove possible. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So if sometimes when you travel[br]you end up finding long lost family, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 not those with whom you share genes, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 but a shared entry in the book of like. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 This is [Omar Farrouk], 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 my brother. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Omar's a Gufti from a village[br]just North of Luxor, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 called Guft. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Guftis are part of a celebrated[br]tradition in Egyptology. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 They help with digging[br]and [work crew] organization. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Omer is my COO and CFO. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I simply couldn't do work without him. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 One day many years ago, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 when I was a young graduate student 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and Omer was a young Gufti[br]who couldn't speak much English, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 we learned, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 completely randomly, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 we were born on the same year, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 the same month 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and the same day six hours apart. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Twins. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (Laughter) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Separated by an ocean, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 but forever connected 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 for Ancient Egypt as our mother. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I knew then we'd always work together. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Not in my brain, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 but in the part of your soul that knows[br]that not everything can be explained. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 [eumar 'akhi,] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 [ wa'ana sawf 'ahabbak dayima.] 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Omer my brother, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I will always love you. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So just before my first dig in Egypt, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 my mentor -- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 very famous Egyptologist, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Professor William Kelley Simpson -- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 called me into his office. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 He handed me a check for $2,000, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and said, "This is to cover your expenses, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 have a glorious adventure this summer. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Someday you will do this[br]for someone else." 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Thus, my TED Prize wish[br]is partial payback plus interest -- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (Laughter) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 for a great human being's[br]generosity and kindess. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So, my wish. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I wish for us to discover the millions[br]of unknown archeological sites 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 around the world 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 by created a 21st century army[br]of global explorerers. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We'll find and protect[br]the world's hidden heritage, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 which contains clues to humankind's[br]collective resilience and creativity. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (Applause) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Thank you. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 So how are we going to do this? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We are going to build[br]with the TED Prize money 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and online, crowd-sourced,[br]citizen science platform 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 to allow anyone in the world to engage[br]with discovering archaeological sites. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 There are only a couple hundred of us[br]space archaeologists around the world. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 It is my dream to engage the world 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 with helping to find sites[br]and protect them. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 What you'll do is you'll sign in, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 create a user name -- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 this particular username is already taken. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (Laughter) 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 You'll take a tutorial[br]and you'll start work. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 I want to note at the outset 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that in now way will be sharing GPS[br]data or mapping data for sites. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 We want to treat them[br]like human patient data, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and not reveal your locations. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 You'll know you're in Northern Italy[br]or Southern Peru, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 but you'll certainly not know[br]exactly where you are, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 we've got to protect the sites. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 You'll then be dealt a card from a deck, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 whether is 20-by-20 meters[br]or 30-by-30 meters, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and you'll be looking then for features. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 My team will have [batch] processed[br]large amounts of satellite data 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 using algorithms 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 in order for you to find things, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 so you'll be doing really good science. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 You'll then be starting to look. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 What do you see? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Do you see a temple? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Do you see a tomb? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Do you see a pyramid? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Do you see any potential[br]site damage or site looting? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 You'll then begin to mark what's there, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and off to the side 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 are always going to be rich examples[br]of exactly what you're seeing 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 to help guide you. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 All the data that you help us collect[br]will be shared with vetted authorities, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and will help create[br]a new global alarm system 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 to help protect sites. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 But it's not just going to stop there. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 All the archaeologists with whom[br]we share your discoveries 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 will take you with them as they[br]begin to excavate them 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 by using Periscope, Google Plus[br]and social media. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 A hundred years ago, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 archaeology was for the rich. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 50 years ago, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 it was for men. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Now it's primary for academics. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Our goal is to democratize the process[br]of archaeological discovery, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and allow anyone to participate. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 94 years ago, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Howard Carter discovered[br]the tomb of King Tut. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Who is the next Howard Carter? 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 It might be you. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 By creating this platform, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 we will find the millions of places[br]occupied by the billions of people 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 that came before us. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 If we want to answer the big questions[br]about who we are 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 and where we've come from, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 the answers to those questions do not lie[br]in pyramids or palaces, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 but in the cities and villages[br]of those that came before us. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 If we want to learn about the past, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 it's time we inverted the pyramids. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Acknowledging that the past[br]is worth saving 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 means so much more -- 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 it means that we're worth saving, too. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 And the greatest story ever told 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 is the story of our shared human journey. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 But the only way that we're going[br]to be able to write it, 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 is if we do it together. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Come with me. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 Thank you. 9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000 (Applause)