WEBVTT

00:00:00.800 --> 00:00:02.133
Что я хочу сделать в этом видео..

00:00:02.133 --> 00:00:04.800
так это рассказать о возникновении алгебры.

00:00:04.800 --> 00:00:07.019
Возникновение алгебры.

00:00:07.019 --> 00:00:08.533
Это слово

00:00:08.533 --> 00:00:10.667
особенно ассоциируется с идеями,

00:00:10.667 --> 00:00:12.733
которые сейчас представляет алгебра.

00:00:12.733 --> 00:00:15.689
Оно приходит, приходит из книги

00:00:15.689 --> 00:00:18.667
или страницы этой книги, которая

00:00:18.667 --> 00:00:20.800
в переводе на английский язык называется

00:00:20.800 --> 00:00:25.662
"The Compendious book on Calculation by Completion and Balancing." ("Краткая книга восполнения и противопоставления)

00:00:25.667 --> 00:00:28.800
Она была написана персидским математиком

00:00:28.800 --> 00:00:30.969
который жил в Багдаде в

00:00:30.969 --> 00:00:33.615
в 8-м или 9-м веке.

00:00:33.615 --> 00:00:35.800
Я считаю, что он действительно жил в 820 году н.э.,

00:00:35.800 --> 00:00:37.773
т.е.тогда, когда он написал эту книгу.

00:00:37.773 --> 00:00:38.695
нашей эры.

00:00:38.695 --> 00:00:41.350
"Алгебра" - арабское слово,

00:00:41.350 --> 00:00:43.509
которое здесь является фактическим названием, которое математик дал книге,

00:00:43.509 --> 00:00:45.400
то есть арабское название.

00:00:45.400 --> 00:00:48.467
"Алгебра" означает "Восполнение" или "Завершение"

00:00:48.467 --> 00:00:55.084
восполнение... восполнение или завершение... завершение

00:00:55.084 --> 00:00:58.369
И учёный ассоциировал это понятие в своей книге с очень специфичной операцией,

00:00:58.369 --> 00:01:01.667
заключавшейся в том, что из одной части уравнения что-то переносилось

00:01:01.667 --> 00:01:03.501
в другую часть уравнения.

00:01:03.501 --> 00:01:06.586
Но мы на самом деле можем увидеть это прямо там. Я не знаю арабского,

00:01:06.586 --> 00:01:10.400
но я знаю некоторые языки, которые, кажется, кое-что позаимствовали из арабского

00:01:10.400 --> 00:01:12.230
или, может быть, подошли к этому с другой стороны.

00:01:12.230 --> 00:01:14.941


00:01:14.941 --> 00:01:18.243


00:01:18.243 --> 00:01:20.130


00:01:20.130 --> 00:01:23.302


00:01:23.302 --> 00:01:27.163


00:01:27.163 --> 00:01:29.904


00:01:29.904 --> 00:01:36.585


00:01:36.585 --> 00:01:38.738


00:01:38.738 --> 00:01:41.021


00:01:41.021 --> 00:01:43.533


00:01:43.533 --> 00:01:46.478


00:01:46.478 --> 00:01:49.715


00:01:49.715 --> 00:01:52.467


00:01:52.467 --> 00:01:55.631


00:01:55.631 --> 00:01:57.133


00:01:57.133 --> 00:01:58.733


00:01:58.733 --> 00:02:01.947


00:02:01.947 --> 00:02:10.624


00:02:10.624 --> 00:02:12.564


00:02:12.564 --> 00:02:15.412


00:02:15.412 --> 00:02:18.146


00:02:18.146 --> 00:02:21.467


00:02:21.467 --> 00:02:25.000


00:02:25.000 --> 00:02:32.000


00:02:32.050 --> 00:02:34.533


00:02:34.533 --> 00:02:36.533


00:02:36.533 --> 00:02:38.995


00:02:39.000 --> 00:02:42.800


00:02:42.800 --> 00:02:44.800


00:02:44.800 --> 00:02:46.800


00:02:46.800 --> 00:02:49.200


00:02:49.200 --> 00:02:50.667


00:02:50.667 --> 00:02:53.133


00:02:53.133 --> 00:02:56.160


00:02:56.160 --> 00:02:58.000


00:02:58.000 --> 00:03:01.431


00:03:01.431 --> 00:03:05.133


00:03:05.133 --> 00:03:09.159


00:03:09.159 --> 00:03:11.796


00:03:11.796 --> 00:03:13.704


00:03:13.704 --> 00:03:15.462


00:03:15.462 --> 00:03:18.473


00:03:18.473 --> 00:03:19.766


00:03:19.766 --> 00:03:20.566


00:03:20.566 --> 00:03:22.164


00:03:22.164 --> 00:03:25.333


00:03:25.333 --> 00:03:26.434


00:03:26.434 --> 00:03:28.950


00:03:28.950 --> 00:03:30.482


00:03:30.482 --> 00:03:32.433


00:03:32.433 --> 00:03:36.133


00:03:36.133 --> 00:03:37.533


00:03:37.533 --> 00:03:39.667


00:03:39.667 --> 00:03:41.652


00:03:41.652 --> 00:03:44.831


00:03:44.831 --> 00:03:48.733


00:03:48.733 --> 00:03:52.296


00:03:52.296 --> 00:03:55.000


00:03:55.000 --> 00:03:56.234


00:03:56.234 --> 00:03:57.369


00:03:57.369 --> 00:03:58.835


00:03:58.835 --> 00:04:01.121


00:04:01.121 --> 00:04:04.569


00:04:04.569 --> 00:04:06.311


00:04:06.311 --> 00:04:09.533


00:04:09.533 --> 00:04:12.200


00:04:12.200 --> 00:04:14.906


00:04:14.906 --> 00:04:21.565


00:04:21.565 --> 00:04:23.023


00:04:23.023 --> 00:04:24.867


00:04:24.867 --> 00:04:26.253


00:04:26.253 --> 00:04:27.669


00:04:27.669 --> 00:04:31.133


00:04:31.133 --> 00:04:33.200


00:04:33.200 --> 00:04:35.800


00:04:35.800 --> 00:04:38.733


00:04:38.733 --> 00:04:42.400


00:04:42.400 --> 00:04:45.400


00:04:45.400 --> 00:04:47.186


00:04:47.186 --> 00:04:49.733


00:04:49.733 --> 00:04:51.744


00:04:51.744 --> 00:04:54.720


00:04:54.720 --> 00:04:56.200


00:04:56.200 --> 00:04:58.992


00:04:58.992 --> 00:05:03.800


00:05:03.800 --> 00:05:08.267


00:05:08.267 --> 00:05:11.533


00:05:11.533 --> 00:05:14.171


00:05:14.171 --> 00:05:15.582


00:05:15.582 --> 00:05:18.169


00:05:18.169 --> 00:05:22.000


00:05:22.000 --> 00:05:25.041


00:05:25.041 --> 00:05:28.000


00:05:28.000 --> 00:05:29.432


00:05:29.432 --> 00:05:32.041


00:05:32.041 --> 00:05:33.467


00:05:33.467 --> 00:05:36.867


00:05:36.867 --> 00:05:40.244


00:05:40.244 --> 00:05:44.508


00:05:44.508 --> 00:05:48.531


00:05:48.533 --> 00:05:50.667


00:05:50.667 --> 00:05:53.548


00:05:53.548 --> 00:05:57.032


00:05:57.032 --> 00:05:59.061


00:05:59.061 --> 00:06:01.361


00:06:01.361 --> 00:06:03.733


00:06:03.733 --> 00:06:06.328


00:06:06.328 --> 00:06:08.733


00:06:08.733 --> 00:06:11.282


00:06:11.282 --> 00:06:13.816


00:06:13.816 --> 00:06:16.212


00:06:16.212 --> 00:06:18.352


00:06:18.352 --> 00:06:20.347


00:06:20.347 --> 00:06:22.221


00:06:22.221 --> 00:06:26.067


00:06:26.067 --> 00:06:29.800


00:06:29.800 --> 00:06:32.667


00:06:32.667 --> 00:06:34.692


00:06:34.692 --> 00:06:36.431


00:06:36.431 --> 00:06:39.161


00:06:39.161 --> 00:06:42.733


00:06:42.733 --> 00:06:45.768


00:06:45.768 --> 00:06:48.667


00:06:48.667 --> 00:06:52.513


00:06:52.513 --> 00:06:56.329


00:06:56.329 --> 00:06:57.862


00:06:57.862 --> 00:07:01.841


00:07:01.841 --> 00:07:04.118


00:07:04.118 --> 00:07:05.892


00:07:05.892 --> 00:07:09.278


00:07:09.278 --> 00:07:11.025


00:07:11.025 --> 00:07:12.492


00:07:12.492 --> 00:07:16.800