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♪ [音乐] ♪

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- [讲解员] “无限战争”
以其壮观的特效而闻名

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但我们可以肯定


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几十年后
它们会过时

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这就是电影的“命运”

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- [Ian] 我观看的
第一部成人电影

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是原版“大白鲨”
那是在夏令营的时候

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特别可怕

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现在你再回去看看

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那20多英尺长


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面目狰狞的机械大白鲨

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跳到上船，扭动着身躯

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你会说
“这太荒谬，愚蠢了吧！”

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所以，我很清楚
自从70年代以来

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在图像设计方面
我们取得了长足的进步

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- 这种持续的改进

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不仅限于特效

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音质，画面
剧院座位的舒适度

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随你举例
似乎都有所改进

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好吧，也许表演没有提高

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- [Edward]哦不，不要蜜蜂！
不要蜜蜂！啊！

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- 经济学家对于这种类型的改进
有个术语--

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“创造性破坏”

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- [Tyler] 创造性破坏
是早在20世纪

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由奥地利经济学家
Joseph Schumpeter

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命名的经济学术语


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它是经济学真正的
核心驱动力

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- 创造性破坏
描述了持续地开创

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新产品和服务
而过时的产品和服务被淘汰的过程

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以拍照为例 - -
我们生活在一个

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充满智能手机，Instagram
和增强现实的世界里

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到达这一步

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揭示了创造性破坏的
漫长而曲折的道路

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- 我小时候
要拍张照片

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宝丽来照片
马上就显影

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把它晃一晃
照片干得快一些

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我不知道是否真有效

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几分钟后

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可能看起来不是太好

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但照片好了！

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10年后，照片渐渐模糊
它们可能无法长期保留

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- 在数字时代到来之前
你可能有个宝丽来相机

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或者你需要买胶卷
一般是柯达的

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要几美元一卷


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大约可以照20张照片

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然后，还要花钱去冲洗

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- [男人]双份哟！

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- 如果，哎哟
你闭了下眼 - 太糟糕了！

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几天后你才能知道

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如果你不小心
打开了相机后盖

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不好，你的照片全曝光了！

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数码相机
在20世纪末开始兴起

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企业开拓者们迅速改善
相机功能

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软件和配件

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使用传统相机的人
越来越少

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数码相机更便宜
更容易使用，而且乐趣无穷

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这些人代表了
创造性破坏

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创新的一面

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那创造性破坏的
另一方面呢？

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- [讲解员]接下来
我们会问

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全球化的赢家
或败者是谁？

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请点击“下一个视频”
继续学习

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♪ [音乐] ♪