[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm a medical illustrator,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.00,0:00:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I come from a slightly different point of view.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.00,0:00:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've been watching, since I grew up,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.00,0:00:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the expressions of truth and beauty in the arts
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.00,0:00:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and truth and beauty in the sciences.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.00,0:00:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And while these are both wonderful things in their own right --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.00,0:00:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they both have very wonderful things going for them --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.00,0:00:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,truth and beauty as ideals that can be looked at by the sciences
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.00,0:00:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and by math are almost like the ideal conjoined twins
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.00,0:00:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that a scientist would want to date.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.00,0:00:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.00,0:00:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are expressions of truth as awe-full things,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.00,0:00:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by meaning they are things you can worship.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.00,0:00:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are ideals that are powerful. They are irreducible.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.00,0:00:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are unique. They are useful --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.00,0:00:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes, often a long time after the fact.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.00,0:00:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you can actually roll some of the pictures now,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.00,0:01:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I don't want to look at me on the screen.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.00,0:01:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Truth and beauty are things
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.00,0:01:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are often opaque to people who are not in the sciences.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.00,0:01:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are things that describe beauty in a way
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.00,0:01:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is often only accessible if you understand the language
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.00,0:01:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the syntax of the person
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.00,0:01:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who studies the subject in which truth and beauty is expressed.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.00,0:01:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you look at the math, E=mc squared,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.00,0:01:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you look at the cosmological constant,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.00,0:01:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where there's an anthropic ideal, where you see that life had to evolve
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.00,0:01:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the numbers that describe the universe --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.00,0:01:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these are things that are really difficult to understand.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.00,0:01:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what I've tried to do
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.00,0:01:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since I had my training as a medical illustrator --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.00,0:01:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since I was taught animation by my father,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.00,0:01:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who was a sculptor and my visual mentor --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.00,0:01:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wanted to figure out a way to help people
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.00,0:01:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,understand truth and beauty in the biological sciences
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.00,0:02:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by using animation, by using pictures, by telling stories
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.00,0:02:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that the things that are not necessarily evident to people
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.00,0:02:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can be brought forth, and can be taught, and can be understood.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.00,0:02:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Students today are often immersed in an environment
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.00,0:02:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where what they learn is subjects that have truth and beauty
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.00,0:02:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,embedded in them, but the way they're taught is compartmentalized
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.00,0:02:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's drawn down to the point where the truth and beauty
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.00,0:02:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not always evident.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.00,0:02:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's almost like that old recipe for chicken soup
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.00,0:02:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where you boil the chicken until the flavor is just gone.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.00,0:02:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't want to do that to our students.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.00,0:02:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we have an opportunity to really open up education.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.00,0:02:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I had a telephone call from Robert Lue at Harvard,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.00,0:02:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Molecular and Cellular Biology Department,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.00,0:02:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a couple of years ago. He asked me if my team and I
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.00,0:03:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would be interested and willing to really change
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.00,0:03:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how medical and scientific education is done at Harvard.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.00,0:03:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we embarked on a project that would explore the cell --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.00,0:03:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would explore the truth and beauty inherent
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.00,0:03:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in molecular and cellular biology
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.00,0:03:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that students could understand a larger picture
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.00,0:03:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they could hang all of these facts on.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.00,0:03:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They could have a mental image of the cell
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.00,0:03:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a large, bustling, hugely complicated city
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.00,0:03:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's occupied by micro-machines.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.00,0:03:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these micro-machines really are at the heart of life.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.00,0:03:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These micro-machines,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.00,0:03:39.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are the envy of nanotechnologists the world over,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.00,0:03:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are self-directed, powerful, precise, accurate devices
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.00,0:03:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are made out of strings of amino acids.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.00,0:03:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these micro-machines power how a cell moves.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.00,0:03:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They power how a cell replicates. They power our hearts.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.00,0:04:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They power our minds.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.00,0:04:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so what we wanted to do was to figure out
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.00,0:04:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how we could make this story into an animation
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.00,0:04:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would be the centerpiece of BioVisions at Harvard,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.00,0:04:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is a website that Harvard has
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.00,0:04:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for its molecular and cellular biology students
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.00,0:04:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that will -- in addition to all the textual information,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.00,0:04:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in addition to all the didactic stuff --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.00,0:04:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,put everything together visually, so that these students
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.00,0:04:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would have an internalized view of what a cell really is
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.00,0:04:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in all of its truth and beauty, and be able to study
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.00,0:04:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with this view in mind, so that their imaginations would be sparked,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.00,0:04:42.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that their passions would be sparked
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.00,0:04:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so that they would be able to go on
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.00,0:04:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and use these visions in their head to make new discoveries
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.00,0:04:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to be able to find out, really, how life works.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.00,0:04:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we set out by looking at how these molecules are put together.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.00,0:05:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We worked with a theme, which is, you've got macrophages
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.00,0:05:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are streaming down a capillary,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.00,0:05:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're touching the surface of the capillary wall,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.00,0:05:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they're picking up information from cells
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.00,0:05:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are on the capillary wall, and they are given this information
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.00,0:05:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there's an inflammation somewhere outside,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.00,0:05:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where they can't see and sense.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.00,0:05:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they get the information that causes them to stop,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.00,0:05:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,causes them to internalize that they need to make
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.00,0:05:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of the various parts that will cause them to change their shape,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.00,0:05:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and try to get out of this capillary and find out what's going on.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.00,0:05:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So these molecular motors -- we had to work
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.00,0:05:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the Harvard scientists and databank models
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.00,0:05:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the atomically accurate molecules
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.00,0:05:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and figure out how they moved, and figure out what they did.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.00,0:05:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And figure out how to do this in a way
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.00,0:06:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was truthful in that it imparted what was going on,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.00,0:06:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but not so truthful that the compact crowding in a cell
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.00,0:06:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would prevent the vista from happening.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.00,0:06:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so what I'm going to show you is a three-minute
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.00,0:06:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Reader's Digest version of the first aspect of this film
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.00,0:06:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we produced. It's an ongoing project
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.00,0:06:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's going to go another four or five years.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.00,0:06:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I want you to look at this
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.00,0:06:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and see the paths that the cell manufactures --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.00,0:06:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these little walking machines, they're called kinesins --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.00,0:06:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that take these huge loads
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.00,0:06:36.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would challenge an ant in relative size.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.00,0:06:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Run the movie, please.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.00,0:06:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But these machines that power the inside of the cells
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.00,0:06:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are really quite amazing, and they really are the basis of all life
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.00,0:06:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because all of these machines interact with each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.00,0:06:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They pass information to each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.00,0:06:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They cause different things to happen inside the cell.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.00,0:07:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the cell will actually manufacture the parts that it needs
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.00,0:07:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the fly, from information
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.00,0:07:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's brought from the nucleus by molecules that read the genes.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.00,0:07:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No life, from the smallest life to everybody here,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.00,0:07:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would be possible without these little micro-machines.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.00,0:07:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, it would really, in the absence of these machines,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.00,0:07:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have made the attendance here, Chris, really quite sparse.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.00,0:07:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.00,0:07:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.00,0:07:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the FedEx delivery guy of the cell.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.00,0:07:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This little guy is called the kinesin,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.00,0:07:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he pulls a sack that's full of brand new manufactured proteins
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.00,0:07:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to wherever it's needed in the cell --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.00,0:07:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether it's to a membrane, whether it's to an organelle,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.00,0:07:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether it's to build something or repair something.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.00,0:07:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And each of us has about 100,000 of these things
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.00,0:08:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,running around, right now,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.00,0:08:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inside each one of your 100 trillion cells.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.00,0:08:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So no matter how lazy you feel,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.00,0:08:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're not really intrinsically doing nothing.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.00,0:08:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.00,0:08:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what I want you to do when you go home
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.00,0:08:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is think about this, and think about how powerful our cells are.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.00,0:08:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And think about some of the things
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.00,0:08:24.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we're learning about cellular mechanics.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.00,0:08:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once we figure out all that's going on --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.00,0:08:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and believe me, we know almost a percent of what's going on --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.00,0:08:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,once we figure out what's going on,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.00,0:08:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're really going to be able to have a lot of control
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.00,0:08:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over what we do with our health,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.00,0:08:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with what we do with future generations,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.00,0:08:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how long we're going to live.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.00,0:08:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And hopefully we'll be able to use this
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.00,0:08:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to discover more truth, and more beauty.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.00,0:09:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Music)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.00,0:09:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's really quite amazing that these cells, these micro-machines,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.00,0:09:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are aware enough of what the cell needs that they do their bidding.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.00,0:09:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They work together. They make the cell do what it needs to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.00,0:09:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And their working together helps our bodies --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.00,0:09:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,huge entities that they will never see -- function properly.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.00,0:09:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Enjoy the rest of the show. Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.00,0:09:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)