I really like this picture that I found. It actually
shows you really neatly where the heart sits in our body
so you can see the heart is surrounded, on both sides, by ribs, right?
And in fact, I didn't draw it in yet, but let me show you where the
lungs would be. This is the right lung
and on this side you'd have the left lung. So this is where
your heart sits: between two lungs. And I'm saying
left and right from the perspective of the the person who owns this
heart. So this is their left and right, which is the opposite
of us if we're looking at it. The heart is actually sitting between the two
lungs within this protective casing that
the ribs are basically there to keep all these important organs
safe. And then below them, so if you draw
this here. Or if I draw it, you can
see now that below all this stuff is
a really really important muscle. So this muscle
people don't talk about this muscle, or this is not the kind of muscle
that you usually see people working on at the gym, but this muscle is called the diaphragm.
So your diaphragm muscle
and your ribs are enclosing a space, right? The diaphragm becomes the floor, and the ribs are kind of the
ceiling and the walls of this space.
And if you look at the contents of this space, you'd have your lung
and you'd have your heart. So, this entire space then
is called your thorax.
So what exactly does the heart do? Let's actually make a little bit of
space now, and bring up a
zoomed in version of the heart.
Let me start by orienting you to the heart. This is our right lung
and on the other side we have our left lung. And all this would be
inside of the rib cage, but I'm not going to draw that now, because that would
make it harder to see the heart itself. So to think
about exactly what the heart does, I think one, kind of neat way to do it is
to actually imagine that you're a cell. So put yourself in the perspective
of a cell, and let's say you're a cell hanging out
over here. This is you. And you can
think about any part of the body that you could be. Let's say a little
toe cell. So let's say you're a toe cell
and your job, of course, is to live and be happy,and you've got
near by, a little blood vessel. And in fact, every cell in our body
has a little blood vessel that's near by. And this toe cell
is just trying to make a living. And toe
cells need certain things, right? They need, for example, let's say oxygen.
I'll write it in white so it's very clear. They need oxygen
and they need nutrients, right?
So cells need certain things to live and be happy.
And on the flip-side, they also make waste. They're in
a sense just like us, they make waste. And that waste could be
all sorts of things, and one that kind of jumps to mind is
carbon dioxide (CO2). So carbon dioxide is waste
for this cell. So it's making some
waste and for the moment let's imagine that there's no blood flow.
So, even though there's a blood vessel near by,
really, no flow is happening, so I'll just write "no flow".
So as the little cell
makes waste. That waste, let's draw a little ball right here,
it's going to start accumulating, you're going to start collecting more and more of it
since the blood is not really flowing. And it might kind of
end up getting all the way around our toe cell. So our toe cell is getting
swamped, literally getting kind of covered by its own waste.
And on the flip-side, is it getting oxygen or nutrients? No.
It's not getting either of these things. So, before very
long, I would say within minutes, our toe cell
is thinking, "Well this is not a very happy way to live!" this is
actually really very sad, this is awful. And if this continues
the toe cell would die. So, what a toe
cell needs, and what every cell needs, and that could be a finger cell or a
skin cell, or really any cell that's living, needs
flow. Right? It needs this blood to be flowing nicely
and smoothly. And if there is flow
then you get a very different picture, right? If there's flow then all the sudden all the
waste product is actually now lifted and taken away.
It's flowing away, and it's a little bit like having
someone come by and pick up the trash, then you don't have trash all over the house.
So then you have nice flow, and
in return, oxygen and nutrients are delivered. So this stuff
gets delivered as well. So, all of the sudden the cell is going to be
very, very happy, and is going to be living just fine.
So, really if you want all of the cells in your body to be living just fine
like this cell here, you really want good flow throughout the
body. And so this is really point number one. Is that you really
need, somehow, to have blood flow moving and pushing
blood constantly through the body. So,
to do this for billions and billions of cells you would need a pretty powerful
pump, right? Something that's going to be able to pull
in all the blood from the body, and then push it back out. And that's what the heart
is. I mean at its core, that's exactly what the heart is doing.
It's an amazing pump, pushing blood, so that
you have good blood flow. And so I'm
going to write that on the side as kind of job number one. These are the jobs of the heart.
So jobs, and number one, would be
blood flow. And I'll write systemic
flow. Systemic flow. And all
that systemic means is that I'm refering to the entire body. So systemic
when I say that word, I just mean the entire body. All the cells
in the body. Now, exactly how that happens actually
you can see on this picture. So, here you have a giant
vein, this is a vein, and you have an artery.
This is an artery.
And blood is actually going through the artery, that way.
And it's actually coming into two veins, the one
at the top, this is called the superior, superior just kind of means
at the top. Superior vena cava. That's the
name of the vein. And at the bottom here, you can't see it because
it's on the other side of the heart, but there's another vein called the inferior vena cava.
And these two veins, this is also a vein,
these two veins are actually dragging blood in from all over the body,
into the heart.
And then, when the heart is ready to pump it back out, it goes into this
artery, and the name of it is the aorta.
So if you've heard of the aorta, this is the artery that people
are talking about. So this is how blood comes and gets pumped
around. But this isn't actually the only job of the heart. The job,
the second job of the heart, is actually
also in this picture, and it's called pulmonary flow.
Pulmonary flow. So, what does that
mean? Well, we know that cells are expecting
oxygen, right? We know this. And that they have a lot of carbon dioxide
waste. Well, it's good to move things around. It's good
to move blood around. But if you actually never got rid of that carbon dioxide
or brought in new oxygen, then a cell is not going to be very happy either.
I mean, you can have blood flow, but at some point it's also going to want some oxygen.
And it's going to want to get rid of that carbon dioxide. So, that's where the
lungs come in. So what happens is that the heart, before
sending blood out the aorta, before just dishing it out back into the body,
it actually sends the blood over to the
lungs. And it goes over to the left lung, and over to the right lung.
And the blood comes back from the right lung
and the left lung, and gets pushed back into
the heart, and then gets squeezed through the aorta. So there's this
actual extra little step here, where blood is going to
and from the lungs, and that's the pulmonary flow.
So the final thing you'll notice, if you look at this picture it's hard not to notice,
is that there are these, kind of wriggly looking little
blood vessels all over the heart. And what are these
exactly? I mean, you've got red ones, and blue ones, and
the blue ones are the veins, and the red ones are the arteries
but are they part of the systemic flow, or pulmonary flow, or something else?
Well, these vessels, all of them,
together are called coronary vessels.
And so specifically you might hear about
a coronary artery, or a coronary vein, but together you can call them
coronary blood vessels. I'll add the word blood here. So these
coronary blood vessels are actually serving the heart muscle
itself. I mean remember, the heart
is made up of thousands and thousands, actually tens of thousands of cells
and those cells, just like our toe cell that we drew,
they also need oxygen, nutrients, and have waste.
So, those cells are going to need blood vessels supplying
them as well. So, that's what the coronary blood vessels are. They're literally
the blood vessels that go to and serve
the heart. So these are the ones that serve the heart.
Now, if they're serving the heart muscles
and the heart cells, then, think about it, would they fit under
the systemic flow, or pulmonary flow? Well if the
main job is to serve the needs of cells, then
the coronary vessels fall under the systemic flow.