[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.02,0:00:07.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have to take a breath,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.98,0:00:10.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to talk about emotional short circuits.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.37,0:00:13.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I could ask you to come here \Nand look at yourself,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.75,0:00:16.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the short circuit would start.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.56,0:00:21.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I deal with children who can't make it,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.02,0:00:22.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,children who struggle with school,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.93,0:00:24.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,children who struggle with growing up,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.84,0:00:27.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,children who don't feel understood,\Nchildren who suffer.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.52,0:00:32.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this has changed my story,\Nmy story as a scientist.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.13,0:00:35.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the other day,\NI was in a learning center,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.36,0:00:38.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the place where I help these kids,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.16,0:00:39.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in this learning center
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.79,0:00:42.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of the girls was looking at me
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.73,0:00:45.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I was worried about\Nhow to start today's talk
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.88,0:00:48.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that in a few minutes\Nwill explain you what we do
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.98,0:00:50.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and why I'm here.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.90,0:00:53.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I looked at her and told her:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.44,0:00:55.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You know, I don't know where to start."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.47,0:00:57.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She smiled at me and told me:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.05,0:00:59.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You have to start from the beginning,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.07,0:01:01.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you always start from the beginning."
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.62,0:01:03.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, here you can see me
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.62,0:01:06.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this somehow represents my beginning,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.82,0:01:09.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my beginning as a scientist
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.27,0:01:13.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and of my journey to study \Nand to understand - but what?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.46,0:01:15.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The thing that, on some level,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.52,0:01:17.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has fascinated me for so long,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.63,0:01:20.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the relationship between\Nthe brain and the mind,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.21,0:01:22.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between the brain and the soul.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.04,0:01:23.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Between what we feel
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.13,0:01:27.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how it is possible\Nthat we feel this way.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.26,0:01:30.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so I spent years and years
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.07,0:01:33.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fascinated by this astonishing structure:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.91,0:01:36.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the brain is an extraordinary structure.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.55,0:01:39.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In milliseconds, right now,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.30,0:01:42.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have millions\Nof billions of connections
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.67,0:01:45.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that set in motion a transformation
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.19,0:01:47.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of what you have been\Nand what you will be.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.81,0:01:51.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This transformation is caused\Nby all the incoming information
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.40,0:01:53.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that, in some way,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.07,0:01:54.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sow something new,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.91,0:01:56.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and cause pruning
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.19,0:01:58.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in what you have been until now,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.29,0:01:59.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and create new buds.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.97,0:02:01.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This miracle
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.44,0:02:03.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which measures a mechanism called:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.59,0:02:06.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Zone of Proximal Development".
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.22,0:02:09.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the most \Nfascinating processes of life:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.21,0:02:12.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is the thing that makes a living being,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.68,0:02:15.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that makes who each\None of us, time after time,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.62,0:02:17.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,chooses to be.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.51,0:02:20.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, after studying hard all these systems,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.70,0:02:23.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I came back to Italy.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.47,0:02:25.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what happened to me?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.23,0:02:26.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I met a child,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.38,0:02:31.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I met him in the green hall\Nof an hospital,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.27,0:02:35.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the walls were truly terrible,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.02,0:02:37.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they gave the idea of something
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.09,0:02:38.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that did not cure but oppress.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.86,0:02:42.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This child had eight adults with him,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.51,0:02:46.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,besides his parents, various assistants,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.43,0:02:49.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,various teachers, the hospital personnel.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.54,0:02:53.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The nurse told him that I was the boss.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.54,0:02:54.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I did
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.83,0:02:57.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was a gesture from afar,\Nfrom the end of the corridor:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.45,0:03:00.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I lowered down and I smiled.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.68,0:03:03.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This gesture made he ran to me,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.70,0:03:05.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he took me by the gown
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.65,0:03:09.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and told me that word\Nthat you all can read: "help me".
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.48,0:03:12.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I don't know\Nwhat happened to this kid,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.38,0:03:13.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what I do know
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.39,0:03:16.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that he changed the trajectory\Nof my history as a scientist
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.66,0:03:17.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I thought
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.87,0:03:21.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that if everything we knew\Ncouldn't help a child,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.58,0:03:25.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if a whole community,\Nthat was giving him eight adults,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.80,0:03:28.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was not helping him\Nbecause he was asking for help
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.92,0:03:32.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a stranger in a lab coat,\Nin a green hospital hallway,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.08,0:03:36.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this whole system was not helping.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.15,0:03:39.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so I went back to studying.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.56,0:03:42.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I went back to study\Nwhat in terms of science,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.50,0:03:44.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and deep science,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.92,0:03:47.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is called: "neuroplasticity"
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.08,0:03:49.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in educational terms is called:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.42,0:03:52.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Enhancement of the Zone\Nof Possible Development".
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.84,0:03:54.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I began to study
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.84,0:03:58.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how we can exercise the cerebral domains
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.53,0:04:01.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to cause improvements in language,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.08,0:04:04.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the ability to focus,\Nto memorize, to pay attention,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.12,0:04:06.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,improvements in numerical intelligence.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.21,0:04:07.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I became good at it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.60,0:04:10.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Good to the point that children changed,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.28,0:04:13.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and from a research point of view\NI was very successful,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.95,0:04:16.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because at the level\Nof experimental research
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.36,0:04:19.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what we achieved was what is called:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.30,0:04:26.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Improved Potential of the Individual \NNeuropsychological Structure".
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.16,0:04:28.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If I can give you an example:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.23,0:04:33.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the brain buds in milliseconds
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.48,0:04:38.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the memories we imprint\Nthrough the information we receive.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.12,0:04:40.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we want to understand what causes,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.20,0:04:42.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for example, life in school to a child,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.52,0:04:44.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we just have to do a calculation.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.17,0:04:46.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A calculation that I gave\Nto the Ministry many years ago:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.98,0:04:48.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let's multiply milliseconds
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.72,0:04:51.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by hundredths of a second,\Nby tenths of a second,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.67,0:04:53.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by seconds, by minutes, by hours,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.50,0:04:56.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by days, by months, by years\Nthat a child spends in school:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.31,0:04:58.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'll get a number close to infinity.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.16,0:05:00.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That number measures
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.38,0:05:02.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what each of the adults he will meet
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.95,0:05:04.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,determines in his neural connections:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.84,0:05:06.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the transformation of his self.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.71,0:05:08.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is an immense power.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.42,0:05:11.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so my son in second grade wrote
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.15,0:05:12.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that his mother,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.45,0:05:15.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when she finished learning\Nhow to be a scientist,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.03,0:05:17.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,started being a teacher for teachers
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.54,0:05:20.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I started explaining to teachers
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.18,0:05:21.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what was going on
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.91,0:05:24.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with neuroplasticity and human potential.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.76,0:05:28.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I was sure I had made it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.52,0:05:31.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it was not like that. Why?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.72,0:05:34.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because some time later,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.52,0:05:39.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we are getting to the topic\NI want to talk about today,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.35,0:05:41.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I met another child,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.31,0:05:44.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a child with whom we achieved\Nan extraordinary change
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.56,0:05:46.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in terms of cognitive profile,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.92,0:05:50.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because he had recovered \Na standard deviation and a half
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.14,0:05:54.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from what it is generically called \Ngeneral intelligence quotient.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.34,0:05:57.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this child at some point told me:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.51,0:06:00.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Now that you have taken\Nthe mistakes from me,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.38,0:06:02.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will you take away the pain too?"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.84,0:06:07.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I was not prepared\Nto understand the relationship
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.54,0:06:13.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between the error of the mind\Nand the pain in the mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.54,0:06:15.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And above all I had not reflected
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.65,0:06:18.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,upon what the mechanism of pain was.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.93,0:06:22.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if now I'd ask you, a thousand adults,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.13,0:06:25.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to remember your life and your mistakes,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.08,0:06:28.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I don't mean mistakes in school \Nabout reading and writing,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.87,0:06:30.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but life's mistakes,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.87,0:06:35.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if I'd ask you: what has left\Na deeper track in your story,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.34,0:06:38.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the mistakes you have made \Nor the pain that they caused you?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.80,0:06:42.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what causes a reaction in you?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.57,0:06:45.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think the answer would be unanimous:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.08,0:06:47.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is pain that determines the reaction.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.64,0:06:49.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what does pain do?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.09,0:06:53.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll explain it in a few minutes,\Notherwise they will scold me,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.42,0:06:56.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I will ask you some degrees of freedom,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.89,0:06:58.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is, I ask you to do
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.85,0:07:02.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something that, in some way,\Nwill help us understand immediately.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.45,0:07:06.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Give yourself a pinch, a strong one.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.29,0:07:10.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm asking you: what is this,\Npain or suffering?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.60,0:07:12.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's pain.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.100,0:07:15.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we have millions of alerts
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.89,0:07:20.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that from the structure we are hitting,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.12,0:07:22.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,send us neuroelectric information.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.64,0:07:26.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the brain sends,\Nthrough the peripheral nervous system,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.55,0:07:29.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this biochemical boiler\Nthat produces energy,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.48,0:07:32.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many information and says:\N"Beware! It hurts."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.54,0:07:34.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why does it tell us "it hurts"?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.03,0:07:35.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we must remember
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.64,0:07:39.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we should no longer\Nfind ourselves in that situation,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.14,0:07:40.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it will hurt us.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.32,0:07:42.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It begins to trace memories, telling us:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.52,0:07:44.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Away from here! It will hurt."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.87,0:07:47.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what are these extraordinary emotions?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.99,0:07:49.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here you can read it:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.51,0:07:54.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they are incredible processes \Non a neurofunctional level.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.97,0:07:56.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I teach my students
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.82,0:07:59.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about this biochemical boiler\Nthat produces energy
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.60,0:08:02.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we sleep\Nand we produce three Hertz,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.34,0:08:05.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are awake, as in this moment,\Nand we produce nine Hertz.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.34,0:08:09.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it takes just an emotion,\Na drop of any emotion,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.18,0:08:10.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the one I'm feeling right now,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.92,0:08:15.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and although I explain these things\Neven in much more complex contexts,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.51,0:08:17.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's making me far more emotional,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.73,0:08:20.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I have a big goal:\Nthat is, to talk with you.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.32,0:08:21.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eventually I will tell you.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.88,0:08:24.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this emotion is so powerful
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.04,0:08:26.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that, although my brain\Nis very well trained,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.54,0:08:28.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my voice makes it explicit.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.37,0:08:30.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I can't control the voice
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.84,0:08:33.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the emotion is more powerful\Nthan the cognitive system,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.93,0:08:35.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is the great decision maker.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.71,0:08:40.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's a smart decision maker\Nbut it has only two answers,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.35,0:08:42.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are: "it hurts"\Nor "it's good for me".
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.62,0:08:44.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"It hurts" or "it's good for me".
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.35,0:08:47.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Emotions exist in our evolutionary system
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.47,0:08:51.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to tell us: "run away" if it hurts,\N"keep it and look for more" if it's good.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.95,0:08:53.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And how does it tell us so?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.79,0:08:57.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It tells us this through\Nan incredible hertzian mechanism.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.89,0:09:01.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we have a moment of joy, \Nwe have a hertzian peak
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.81,0:09:06.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which the wave that takes place\Nis a wave with a very high intensity
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.41,0:09:08.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but very very short.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.23,0:09:11.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why are high intensity waves that short?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.46,0:09:14.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the memory of joy must be traced;
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.14,0:09:15.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but since joy is good,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.98,0:09:19.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as everything that makes us feel good,\Nthe brain has to find it again.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.47,0:09:22.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so the moment of joy is short,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.01,0:09:26.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because this will trigger\Nthe mechanism of the search for joy.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.36,0:09:32.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if instead of joy\Nwe feel anguish, anxiety, fear,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.12,0:09:34.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then the wave is very different.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.17,0:09:38.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because it is at low intensity,\Nit is below the threshold of conscience,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.51,0:09:41.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it remains invisible from the mind,\Nit stays down there.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.67,0:09:44.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because it has to give an alert that says:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.44,0:09:47.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Remember, remember, remember."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.48,0:09:51.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Run away from here, it hurts.\NRun away from here, it hurts."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.48,0:09:55.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our circuits are pervaded \Nby waves that say:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.36,0:09:57.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Run away, because it hurts."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.18,0:09:59.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the energy we produce\Nis an energy that tells us:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.87,0:10:01.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Run away, because it hurts".
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.10,0:10:06.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It seems there is no way out.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.32,0:10:07.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the contrary, there is.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.94,0:10:11.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I told you, it's not the mind\Nthat controls emotions,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.03,0:10:13.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is a great illusion.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.12,0:10:16.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a cognitive scientist, \Nat some point I had to give up.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.36,0:10:20.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Make yoursel feel "comfort",\Nfor example, as an emotion.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.09,0:10:21.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can you do it?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.70,0:10:23.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Make yourself feel "understanding".
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.65,0:10:28.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now order yourself to feel\Na connection between each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.58,0:10:29.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can't do it!
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.91,0:10:32.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But look, we have switches,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.41,0:10:34.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these switches are catalysts.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.05,0:10:38.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can't turn on the light with our mind,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.94,0:10:41.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to use the right switch!
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.12,0:10:44.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we have to figure out\Nthe right switch for emotions.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.69,0:10:46.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, if I ask you,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.15,0:10:49.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,please, look into each other's eyes\Nwith understanding. Go.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.02,0:10:55.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Please, hug one another\Nfor 30 seconds, come on!
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.79,0:11:07.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Please, stroke one another a caress,\Na caress of comfort.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.65,0:11:14.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we measure now the heartbeat,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.10,0:11:15.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we measure temperature,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.94,0:11:19.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we look at markers, such as skin color,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.25,0:11:23.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the acidity of the sweat\Nthat has been released,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.33,0:11:25.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we would see a change in indexes
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.83,0:11:30.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we have activated \Nvery powerful neuroelectric circuits.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.35,0:11:34.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are the organizers.\NThese are the switches.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.05,0:11:36.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just think that hugging for 30 seconds
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.32,0:11:38.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,commands the amygdala to produce oxytocin,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.95,0:11:43.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the hormone that grants,\Nat the time of birth,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.30,0:11:46.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ability of a woman to resist pain.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.18,0:11:48.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,30 seconds of hugging.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.28,0:11:49.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, as my son said,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.84,0:11:53.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I started explaining to people
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.30,0:11:55.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that learning to look kids in the eyes,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.79,0:11:59.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,learning to hug them,\Nlearning to caress them,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.63,0:12:02.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,creates permanent memories in the circuit,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.85,0:12:05.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are tied to emotions\Nthat build well-being
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.99,0:12:08.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not uneasiness.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.49,0:12:10.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's water and bread.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.45,0:12:12.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Science has returned to water and bread.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.92,0:12:15.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in which memories do the emotions go?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.35,0:12:17.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Emotions, it's interesting,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.65,0:12:20.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because when we put so much effort,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.54,0:12:22.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into studying, to try and remember,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.45,0:12:24.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in that moment we consume energy.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.95,0:12:28.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead the memories that are determined \Nby an immediate trace
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.60,0:12:31.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are the memories that hold emotions.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.55,0:12:32.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then, if we,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.70,0:12:36.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at some point in\Nour emotional short-circuit,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.28,0:12:39.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we do something like those things\Nwhich always happen,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.33,0:12:44.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is, for example, I study, I learn, \NI struggle, I experiment anxiety,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.10,0:12:47.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my memory stores what I studied
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.58,0:12:50.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also the anxiety\Nwith which I memorized that.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.43,0:12:55.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when I go back and take\Nfrom the drawer of my memory
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.29,0:12:57.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what I have studied,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.41,0:13:00.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I take back not only\Nthe information that I put there
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.76,0:13:03.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also the emotions\Nwith which I traced it.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.23,0:13:05.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so anxiety enters the circuit
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.52,0:13:08.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and becomes an information\Nthat creates a short-circuit.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.41,0:13:13.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if I learn with fear,\NI will retrieve the fear;
Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.88,0:13:19.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if I learn with lack of self-esteem\NI will retrieve the lack of self-esteem.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.65,0:13:24.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if I learn by challenging myself \NI will recover the challenge to myself.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.37,0:13:28.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this, I told you before, \Nhappens for thousandths of a second
Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.14,0:13:30.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,up to whole years and years
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.52,0:13:32.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which the educating system
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.50,0:13:35.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can pollute the mental circuits
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.61,0:13:37.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or cause a pandemic healing.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.71,0:13:40.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am in favour of this pandemic healing,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.13,0:13:44.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also because as a person of science \Nwhat I have to be aware of
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.17,0:13:46.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are also the sciences that stand close.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.31,0:13:49.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the research on epigenetics\Nmade me tremble.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.26,0:13:52.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why? Because by studying\Nwhat happens to little mice
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.65,0:13:56.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that during pregnancy \Nare put into ice water,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.16,0:13:58.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then they are made to give birth,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.62,0:14:02.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's been noticed, and this data\Nshould make us think
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.37,0:14:04.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it doesn't happen only to mice,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.14,0:14:07.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that their puppies\Nwill inherit the fear-alert
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.79,0:14:10.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for three generations at least.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:10.30,0:14:13.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As if memories of pain
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.03,0:14:16.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were not only individual \Nbut transgenerational.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.98,0:14:21.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This means that we pass on,\Nto protect our children,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.73,0:14:24.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the thing from which\Nthey should protect themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.50,0:14:28.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What are the two most troubling emotions,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.17,0:14:29.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those that worry me the most?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:29.70,0:14:31.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Guilt and fear.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.51,0:14:34.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can't talk about these,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.28,0:14:37.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I can tell you which are\Nthe antagonist emotions.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.24,0:14:38.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To guilty conscience
Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.77,0:14:42.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the great antagonist is\Nthe right to make mistakes.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.12,0:14:44.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we are aware of this,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:44.75,0:14:49.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we should raise our children\Nin the right to make mistakes,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.21,0:14:53.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in treating error as a process of change,\Nof continuous improvement,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.24,0:14:55.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the level of awareness changes.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.30,0:14:58.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We said whispers and voices.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.38,0:15:02.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, if we say "Good", "Good", Good!"
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.79,0:15:06.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we give completely different information
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.30,0:15:09.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it is the emotion\Nthat we send with it,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.42,0:15:12.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the indicator we are using,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:12.17,0:15:16.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that goes to the great decision maker\Nand says: "protect" or "don't protect".
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.15,0:15:19.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now I'll tell you about the last child,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.02,0:15:20.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since I just have 18 seconds left.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:20.65,0:15:24.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This last child reveals to you\Nwhy I've come here,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.19,0:15:26.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doing something crazy,\Nbetween two conferences,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.62,0:15:29.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I'm leaving for Paris \Nfor a conference on the brain
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.84,0:15:32.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that makes me much more anxious.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:32.58,0:15:34.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, this is not a good day.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.68,0:15:36.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then, why did I come here?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.69,0:15:38.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll tell you through\Nthe story of Anselmo.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:38.72,0:15:42.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anselmo is an Asperger child \Nwith very high cognitive functioning.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:42.30,0:15:44.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like "Rain Man", to give you an idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:44.73,0:15:47.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I met him some years ago\Nbecause his parents, two doctors,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.73,0:15:48.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,told me:
Dialogue: 0,0:15:48.82,0:15:51.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You help so many children in need.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.61,0:15:55.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Help him too. Him who speaks\Nfour languages, solves maths problems
Dialogue: 0,0:15:55.69,0:15:58.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as if he's attending his\Nsecond year of university,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:58.39,0:16:01.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,draws the Duomo of Milan\Nin a few seconds without mistakes."
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.80,0:16:04.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But all it takes to upset him,\Nis looking at him
Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.10,0:16:07.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he goes into all of those\Ntypical behaviours,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.27,0:16:11.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,prototypical of all major\Nautistic syndromes.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:11.63,0:16:14.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had never tried before to help a child
Dialogue: 0,0:16:14.13,0:16:17.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in what is the development\Narea of proximal emotions
Dialogue: 0,0:16:17.03,0:16:20.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I thought that in\Nthis extraordinary brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.17,0:16:24.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if the two structures are structures \Nthat collaborate synchronously,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.87,0:16:28.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I could help the emotions \Nwith the cognition.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:28.74,0:16:30.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what did I do?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:30.04,0:16:32.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I asked him to jot down on a notebook
Dialogue: 0,0:16:32.16,0:16:35.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the things that caused him\Nfear or anguish,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:35.94,0:16:37.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or a sense of vulnerability.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:37.48,0:16:38.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I asked him to find,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:38.81,0:16:42.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for each of those, a strategy\Nto overcome this vulnerability.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:42.53,0:16:46.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This strategy didn't have\Nto be particularly sophisticated.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:46.86,0:16:49.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of the time it was \Na strategy of his own,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:49.49,0:16:53.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like stomping his feet on the ground,\Nclapping and snapping his fingers,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:53.09,0:16:54.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but this made
Dialogue: 0,0:16:54.20,0:16:57.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this flow of anxiety go away.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:57.42,0:17:00.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So he filled notebooks and notebooks
Dialogue: 0,0:17:00.75,0:17:02.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with these kind of solutions,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:02.71,0:17:07.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he came to present these\Nat a conference with 100 teachers.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:07.44,0:17:10.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We had prepared him, mark my words,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:10.87,0:17:16.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to avoid moments of unfavourable\Nreactions to a big audience
Dialogue: 0,0:17:16.55,0:17:20.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we trained the teachers\Nto not spook him.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:20.94,0:17:23.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But at some point, while he was talking,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:23.27,0:17:26.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of the teachers gets emotional,\Nshe starts crying,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:26.51,0:17:27.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she stands up and applauds.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:27.92,0:17:29.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So all the teachers,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:29.47,0:17:31.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,100 teachers, start to cry,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:31.71,0:17:34.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they stand up and applaud, \Nthey get emotional.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:34.88,0:17:39.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So he panics and runs behind a curtain.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:39.03,0:17:42.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I go get him, we stomp our feet,\NI take him by his little finger,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:42.80,0:17:46.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we take a hot chocolate -\Nand I must conclude quickly -
Dialogue: 0,0:17:46.22,0:17:47.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he tells me:
Dialogue: 0,0:17:47.66,0:17:50.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Lucangeli, did you see the multiplier?"
Dialogue: 0,0:17:50.39,0:17:53.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I say: "No, not really. What do you mean?"
Dialogue: 0,0:17:53.10,0:17:57.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"There were 100 teachers, Lucangeli,\Nsome young, some not so much.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:57.38,0:18:00.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On average they will work\Nanother 25 years in school.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:00.66,0:18:04.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each one of them will have\Nat least 25 students in class.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:04.54,0:18:06.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, with this hour of lesson,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:06.90,0:18:11.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've helped, during my life,\N62,500 children."
Dialogue: 0,0:18:12.42,0:18:14.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I'm here for this.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:14.60,0:18:18.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:18:23.39,0:18:25.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm here, and I want to say it,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:25.56,0:18:30.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that you'll help me practice\Na helpful kind of science.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:18:30.33,0:18:33.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm here, and I want to say it,\Nso that you'll help me -
Dialogue: 0,0:18:33.87,0:18:36.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and help us, because we're many people,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:36.06,0:18:38.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to practice a helpful kind of science,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:38.62,0:18:44.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that we'll become much\Nmore than 62,500 people.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:44.32,0:18:45.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you, have a good life.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:45.82,0:18:49.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)