0:00:06.018,0:00:07.978
I have to take a breath,

0:00:07.978,0:00:10.367
to talk about emotional short circuits.

0:00:10.367,0:00:13.149
I could ask you to come here [br]and look at yourself,

0:00:13.749,0:00:16.123
and the short circuit would start.

0:00:18.564,0:00:21.015
I deal with children who can't make it,

0:00:21.015,0:00:22.926
children who struggle with school,

0:00:22.926,0:00:24.839
children who struggle with growing up,

0:00:24.839,0:00:27.984
children who don't feel understood,[br]children who suffer.

0:00:28.516,0:00:32.131
And this has changed my story,[br]my story as a scientist.

0:00:32.131,0:00:35.363
So the other day,[br]I was in a learning center,

0:00:35.363,0:00:38.160
the place where I help these kids,

0:00:38.160,0:00:39.794
and in this learning center

0:00:39.794,0:00:42.726
one of the girls was looking at me

0:00:42.726,0:00:45.877
because I was worried about[br]how to start today's talk

0:00:45.877,0:00:48.377
that in a few minutes[br]will explain you what we do

0:00:48.976,0:00:50.126
and why I'm here.

0:00:51.895,0:00:53.442
I looked at her and told her:

0:00:53.442,0:00:55.467
"You know, I don't know where to start."

0:00:55.467,0:00:57.048
She smiled at me and told me:

0:00:57.048,0:00:59.067
"You have to start from the beginning,

0:00:59.067,0:01:01.393
you always start from the beginning."

0:01:01.623,0:01:03.621
And so, here you can see me

0:01:03.621,0:01:06.820
this somehow represents my beginning,

0:01:06.820,0:01:09.273
my beginning as a scientist

0:01:09.273,0:01:13.317
and of my journey to study [br]and to understand - but what?

0:01:13.464,0:01:15.515
The thing that, on some level,

0:01:15.515,0:01:17.629
has fascinated me for so long,

0:01:17.629,0:01:20.208
the relationship between[br]the brain and the mind,

0:01:20.208,0:01:22.041
between the brain and the soul.

0:01:22.041,0:01:23.874
Between what we feel

0:01:24.134,0:01:27.053
and how it is possible[br]that we feel this way.

0:01:27.263,0:01:30.072
And so I spent years and years

0:01:30.072,0:01:33.909
fascinated by this astonishing structure:

0:01:33.909,0:01:36.548
the brain is an extraordinary structure.

0:01:36.548,0:01:39.296
In milliseconds, right now,

0:01:39.296,0:01:42.669
you have millions[br]of billions of connections

0:01:42.669,0:01:45.190
that set in motion a transformation

0:01:45.190,0:01:47.813
of what you have been[br]and what you will be.

0:01:47.813,0:01:51.400
This transformation is caused[br]by all the incoming information

0:01:51.400,0:01:53.067
that, in some way,

0:01:53.067,0:01:54.910
sow something new,

0:01:54.910,0:01:56.194
and cause pruning

0:01:56.194,0:01:58.294
in what you have been until now,

0:01:58.294,0:01:59.970
and create new buds.

0:01:59.970,0:02:01.443
This miracle

0:02:01.443,0:02:03.587
which measures a mechanism called:

0:02:03.587,0:02:06.222
"Zone of Proximal Development".

0:02:06.222,0:02:09.211
One of the most [br]fascinating processes of life:

0:02:09.211,0:02:12.683
it is the thing that makes a living being,

0:02:12.683,0:02:15.620
that makes who each[br]one of us, time after time,

0:02:15.620,0:02:17.512
chooses to be.

0:02:17.512,0:02:20.704
So, after studying hard all these systems,

0:02:20.704,0:02:23.064
I came back to Italy.

0:02:23.474,0:02:25.230
And what happened to me?

0:02:25.230,0:02:26.660
I met a child,

0:02:27.380,0:02:31.273
I met him in the green hall[br]of an hospital,

0:02:31.273,0:02:35.021
the walls were truly terrible,

0:02:35.021,0:02:37.086
they gave the idea of something

0:02:37.086,0:02:38.864
that did not cure but oppress.

0:02:38.864,0:02:42.917
This child had eight adults with him,

0:02:43.507,0:02:46.427
besides his parents, various assistants,

0:02:46.427,0:02:49.536
various teachers, the hospital personnel.

0:02:49.536,0:02:53.535
The nurse told him that I was the boss.

0:02:53.535,0:02:54.827
What I did

0:02:54.827,0:02:57.454
was a gesture from afar,[br]from the end of the corridor:

0:02:57.454,0:03:00.089
I lowered down and I smiled.

0:03:00.683,0:03:03.704
This gesture made he ran to me,

0:03:03.704,0:03:05.646
he took me by the gown

0:03:05.646,0:03:09.094
and told me that word[br]that you all can read: "help me".

0:03:09.484,0:03:12.378
Now, I don't know[br]what happened to this kid,

0:03:12.378,0:03:13.393
but what I do know

0:03:13.393,0:03:16.658
is that he changed the trajectory[br]of my history as a scientist

0:03:16.658,0:03:17.871
because I thought

0:03:17.871,0:03:21.579
that if everything we knew[br]couldn't help a child,

0:03:21.579,0:03:25.805
and if a whole community,[br]that was giving him eight adults,

0:03:25.805,0:03:28.915
was not helping him[br]because he was asking for help

0:03:28.915,0:03:32.664
to a stranger in a lab coat,[br]in a green hospital hallway,

0:03:33.075,0:03:36.824
this whole system was not helping.

0:03:37.154,0:03:39.559
And so I went back to studying.

0:03:39.559,0:03:42.502
I went back to study[br]what in terms of science,

0:03:42.502,0:03:44.923
and deep science,

0:03:44.923,0:03:47.078
is called: "neuroplasticity"

0:03:47.078,0:03:49.423
and in educational terms is called:

0:03:49.423,0:03:52.433
"Enhancement of the Zone[br]of Possible Development".

0:03:52.843,0:03:54.845
I began to study

0:03:54.845,0:03:58.528
how we can exercise the cerebral domains

0:03:58.528,0:04:01.080
to cause improvements in language,

0:04:01.080,0:04:04.121
in the ability to focus,[br]to memorize, to pay attention,

0:04:04.121,0:04:06.210
improvements in numerical intelligence.

0:04:06.210,0:04:07.596
I became good at it.

0:04:07.596,0:04:10.279
Good to the point that children changed,

0:04:10.279,0:04:13.952
and from a research point of view[br]I was very successful,

0:04:13.952,0:04:16.356
because at the level[br]of experimental research

0:04:16.356,0:04:19.631
what we achieved was what is called:

0:04:20.301,0:04:26.156
"Improved Potential of the Individual [br]Neuropsychological Structure".

0:04:26.156,0:04:28.234
If I can give you an example:

0:04:28.234,0:04:33.476
the brain buds in milliseconds

0:04:33.476,0:04:38.010
the memories we imprint[br]through the information we receive.

0:04:38.121,0:04:40.197
If we want to understand what causes,

0:04:40.197,0:04:42.517
for example, life in school to a child,

0:04:42.517,0:04:44.166
we just have to do a calculation.

0:04:44.166,0:04:46.985
A calculation that I gave[br]to the Ministry many years ago:

0:04:46.985,0:04:48.716
let's multiply milliseconds

0:04:48.716,0:04:51.667
by hundredths of a second,[br]by tenths of a second,

0:04:51.667,0:04:53.503
by seconds, by minutes, by hours,

0:04:53.503,0:04:56.313
by days, by months, by years[br]that a child spends in school:

0:04:56.313,0:04:58.862
you'll get a number close to infinity.

0:04:59.165,0:05:00.384
That number measures

0:05:00.384,0:05:02.948
what each of the adults he will meet

0:05:02.948,0:05:04.838
determines in his neural connections:

0:05:04.843,0:05:06.513
the transformation of his self.

0:05:06.708,0:05:08.423
It is an immense power.

0:05:08.423,0:05:11.152
And so my son in second grade wrote

0:05:11.152,0:05:12.453
that his mother,

0:05:12.453,0:05:15.029
when she finished learning[br]how to be a scientist,

0:05:15.029,0:05:17.540
started being a teacher for teachers

0:05:17.540,0:05:20.180
because I started explaining to teachers

0:05:20.180,0:05:21.907
what was going on

0:05:21.907,0:05:24.707
with neuroplasticity and human potential.

0:05:25.757,0:05:28.530
And I was sure I had made it.

0:05:29.525,0:05:31.715
But it was not like that. Why?

0:05:31.715,0:05:34.518
Because some time later,

0:05:34.518,0:05:39.351
and we are getting to the topic[br]I want to talk about today,

0:05:39.351,0:05:41.312
I met another child,

0:05:41.312,0:05:44.553
a child with whom we achieved[br]an extraordinary change

0:05:44.555,0:05:46.917
in terms of cognitive profile,

0:05:46.917,0:05:50.140
because he had recovered [br]a standard deviation and a half

0:05:50.140,0:05:54.338
from what it is generically called [br]general intelligence quotient.

0:05:54.338,0:05:57.506
And this child at some point told me:

0:05:57.506,0:06:00.382
"Now that you have taken[br]the mistakes from me,

0:06:00.382,0:06:02.709
will you take away the pain too?"

0:06:03.839,0:06:07.540
And I was not prepared[br]to understand the relationship

0:06:07.540,0:06:13.078
between the error of the mind[br]and the pain in the mind.

0:06:13.538,0:06:15.647
And above all I had not reflected

0:06:15.647,0:06:18.487
upon what the mechanism of pain was.

0:06:18.927,0:06:22.129
But if now I'd ask you, a thousand adults,

0:06:22.129,0:06:25.083
to remember your life and your mistakes,

0:06:25.083,0:06:28.867
and I don't mean mistakes in school [br]about reading and writing,

0:06:28.867,0:06:30.871
but life's mistakes,

0:06:30.871,0:06:35.339
and if I'd ask you: what has left[br]a deeper track in your story,

0:06:35.339,0:06:38.797
the mistakes you have made [br]or the pain that they caused you?

0:06:38.797,0:06:42.111
And what causes a reaction in you?

0:06:42.571,0:06:45.078
I think the answer would be unanimous:

0:06:45.078,0:06:47.643
it is pain that determines the reaction.

0:06:47.643,0:06:49.546
But what does pain do?

0:06:50.086,0:06:53.424
I'll explain it in a few minutes,[br]otherwise they will scold me,

0:06:53.424,0:06:56.889
I will ask you some degrees of freedom,

0:06:56.889,0:06:58.849
that is, I ask you to do

0:06:58.849,0:07:02.446
something that, in some way,[br]will help us understand immediately.

0:07:02.446,0:07:06.127
Give yourself a pinch, a strong one.

0:07:06.287,0:07:10.348
I'm asking you: what is this,[br]pain or suffering?

0:07:11.598,0:07:12.998
It's pain.

0:07:12.998,0:07:15.894
Because we have millions of alerts

0:07:15.894,0:07:20.119
that from the structure we are hitting,

0:07:20.119,0:07:22.637
send us neuroelectric information.

0:07:22.637,0:07:26.550
Because the brain sends,[br]through the peripheral nervous system,

0:07:26.550,0:07:29.485
this biochemical boiler[br]that produces energy,

0:07:29.485,0:07:32.545
many information and says:[br]"Beware! It hurts."

0:07:32.545,0:07:34.026
Why does it tell us "it hurts"?

0:07:34.026,0:07:35.640
Because we must remember

0:07:35.640,0:07:39.135
that we should no longer[br]find ourselves in that situation,

0:07:39.135,0:07:40.325
because it will hurt us.

0:07:40.325,0:07:42.523
It begins to trace memories, telling us:

0:07:42.523,0:07:44.870
"Away from here! It will hurt."

0:07:44.870,0:07:47.991
So what are these extraordinary emotions?

0:07:47.991,0:07:49.511
Here you can read it:

0:07:49.511,0:07:54.968
they are incredible processes [br]on a neurofunctional level.

0:07:54.968,0:07:56.821
I teach my students

0:07:56.821,0:07:59.600
about this biochemical boiler[br]that produces energy

0:07:59.600,0:08:02.336
because we sleep[br]and we produce three Hertz,

0:08:02.336,0:08:05.908
we are awake, as in this moment,[br]and we produce nine Hertz.

0:08:06.338,0:08:09.177
But it takes just an emotion,[br]a drop of any emotion,

0:08:09.177,0:08:10.922
like the one I'm feeling right now,

0:08:10.922,0:08:15.506
and although I explain these things[br]even in much more complex contexts,

0:08:15.506,0:08:17.732
it's making me far more emotional,

0:08:17.732,0:08:20.323
because I have a big goal:[br]that is, to talk with you.

0:08:20.323,0:08:21.677
Eventually I will tell you.

0:08:21.882,0:08:24.042
And this emotion is so powerful

0:08:24.042,0:08:26.542
that, although my brain[br]is very well trained,

0:08:26.542,0:08:28.369
my voice makes it explicit.

0:08:28.369,0:08:30.838
And I can't control the voice

0:08:30.838,0:08:33.932
because the emotion is more powerful[br]than the cognitive system,

0:08:33.932,0:08:35.710
it is the great decision maker.

0:08:35.710,0:08:40.347
And it's a smart decision maker[br]but it has only two answers,

0:08:40.347,0:08:42.621
which are: "it hurts"[br]or "it's good for me".

0:08:42.621,0:08:44.351
"It hurts" or "it's good for me".

0:08:44.351,0:08:47.468
Emotions exist in our evolutionary system

0:08:47.468,0:08:51.954
to tell us: "run away" if it hurts,[br]"keep it and look for more" if it's good.

0:08:51.954,0:08:53.788
And how does it tell us so?

0:08:53.788,0:08:57.888
It tells us this through[br]an incredible hertzian mechanism.

0:08:57.888,0:09:01.814
If we have a moment of joy, [br]we have a hertzian peak

0:09:01.814,0:09:06.410
in which the wave that takes place[br]is a wave with a very high intensity

0:09:06.410,0:09:08.231
but very very short.

0:09:08.231,0:09:11.457
Why are high intensity waves that short?

0:09:11.457,0:09:14.143
Because the memory of joy must be traced;

0:09:14.143,0:09:15.984
but since joy is good,

0:09:15.984,0:09:19.470
as everything that makes us feel good,[br]the brain has to find it again.

0:09:19.470,0:09:22.014
And so the moment of joy is short,

0:09:22.014,0:09:26.355
because this will trigger[br]the mechanism of the search for joy.

0:09:26.355,0:09:32.115
But if instead of joy[br]we feel anguish, anxiety, fear,

0:09:32.115,0:09:34.174
then the wave is very different.

0:09:34.174,0:09:38.514
Because it is at low intensity,[br]it is below the threshold of conscience,

0:09:38.514,0:09:41.674
it remains invisible from the mind,[br]it stays down there.

0:09:41.674,0:09:44.436
Because it has to give an alert that says:

0:09:44.436,0:09:47.477
"Remember, remember, remember."

0:09:47.477,0:09:51.480
"Run away from here, it hurts.[br]Run away from here, it hurts."

0:09:51.480,0:09:55.355
Our circuits are pervaded [br]by waves that say:

0:09:55.355,0:09:57.180
"Run away, because it hurts."

0:09:57.180,0:09:59.870
And the energy we produce[br]is an energy that tells us:

0:09:59.870,0:10:01.754
"Run away, because it hurts".

0:10:04.104,0:10:06.318
It seems there is no way out.

0:10:06.318,0:10:07.938
On the contrary, there is.

0:10:07.938,0:10:11.029
I told you, it's not the mind[br]that controls emotions,

0:10:11.033,0:10:13.123
It is a great illusion.

0:10:13.123,0:10:16.365
As a cognitive scientist, [br]at some point I had to give up.

0:10:16.365,0:10:20.093
Make yoursel feel "comfort",[br]for example, as an emotion.

0:10:20.093,0:10:21.583
Can you do it?

0:10:21.703,0:10:23.374
Make yourself feel "understanding".

0:10:23.654,0:10:28.415
Now order yourself to feel[br]a connection between each other.

0:10:28.585,0:10:29.908
You can't do it!

0:10:29.908,0:10:32.410
But look, we have switches,

0:10:32.410,0:10:34.820
and these switches are catalysts.

0:10:35.050,0:10:38.936
We can't turn on the light with our mind,

0:10:38.936,0:10:41.119
we have to use the right switch!

0:10:41.119,0:10:44.693
And we have to figure out[br]the right switch for emotions.

0:10:44.693,0:10:46.150
For example, if I ask you,

0:10:46.150,0:10:49.997
please, look into each other's eyes[br]with understanding. Go.

0:10:52.016,0:10:55.960
Please, hug one another[br]for 30 seconds, come on!

0:11:02.790,0:11:07.351
Please, stroke one another a caress,[br]a caress of comfort.

0:11:09.651,0:11:14.096
If we measure now the heartbeat,

0:11:14.096,0:11:15.936
if we measure temperature,

0:11:15.936,0:11:19.252
if we look at markers, such as skin color,

0:11:19.252,0:11:23.326
and the acidity of the sweat[br]that has been released,

0:11:23.326,0:11:25.830
we would see a change in indexes

0:11:25.830,0:11:30.354
because we have activated [br]very powerful neuroelectric circuits.

0:11:30.354,0:11:34.047
These are the organizers.[br]These are the switches.

0:11:34.047,0:11:36.321
Just think that hugging for 30 seconds

0:11:36.321,0:11:38.951
commands the amygdala to produce oxytocin,

0:11:38.951,0:11:43.296
the hormone that grants,[br]at the time of birth,

0:11:43.296,0:11:46.180
the ability of a woman to resist pain.

0:11:46.180,0:11:48.285
30 seconds of hugging.

0:11:48.285,0:11:49.843
So, as my son said,

0:11:49.843,0:11:53.303
I started explaining to people

0:11:53.303,0:11:55.792
that learning to look kids in the eyes,

0:11:55.792,0:11:59.630
learning to hug them,[br]learning to caress them,

0:11:59.630,0:12:02.849
creates permanent memories in the circuit,

0:12:02.849,0:12:05.979
which are tied to emotions[br]that build well-being

0:12:05.989,0:12:08.141
and not uneasiness.

0:12:08.486,0:12:10.216
It's water and bread.

0:12:10.451,0:12:12.918
Science has returned to water and bread.

0:12:12.918,0:12:15.346
And in which memories do the emotions go?

0:12:15.346,0:12:17.649
Emotions, it's interesting,

0:12:17.649,0:12:20.535
because when we put so much effort,

0:12:20.535,0:12:22.450
into studying, to try and remember,

0:12:22.450,0:12:24.948
in that moment we consume energy.

0:12:24.948,0:12:28.597
Instead the memories that are determined [br]by an immediate trace

0:12:28.597,0:12:31.553
are the memories that hold emotions.

0:12:31.553,0:12:32.698
But then, if we,

0:12:32.703,0:12:36.278
at some point in[br]our emotional short-circuit,

0:12:36.278,0:12:39.333
we do something like those things[br]which always happen,

0:12:39.333,0:12:44.095
that is, for example, I study, I learn, [br]I struggle, I experiment anxiety,

0:12:44.095,0:12:47.582
my memory stores what I studied

0:12:47.582,0:12:50.430
but also the anxiety[br]with which I memorized that.

0:12:50.430,0:12:55.294
And when I go back and take[br]from the drawer of my memory

0:12:55.294,0:12:57.414
what I have studied,

0:12:57.414,0:13:00.761
I take back not only[br]the information that I put there

0:13:00.761,0:13:03.230
but also the emotions[br]with which I traced it.

0:13:03.230,0:13:05.515
And so anxiety enters the circuit

0:13:05.515,0:13:08.700
and becomes an information[br]that creates a short-circuit.

0:13:09.410,0:13:13.882
And if I learn with fear,[br]I will retrieve the fear;

0:13:13.882,0:13:19.644
and if I learn with lack of self-esteem[br]I will retrieve the lack of self-esteem.

0:13:19.646,0:13:24.372
But if I learn by challenging myself [br]I will recover the challenge to myself.

0:13:24.372,0:13:28.143
And this, I told you before, [br]happens for thousandths of a second

0:13:28.143,0:13:30.515
up to whole years and years

0:13:30.515,0:13:32.495
in which the educating system

0:13:32.500,0:13:35.608
can pollute the mental circuits

0:13:35.608,0:13:37.706
or cause a pandemic healing.

0:13:37.706,0:13:40.129
I am in favour of this pandemic healing,

0:13:40.129,0:13:44.170
also because as a person of science [br]what I have to be aware of

0:13:44.170,0:13:46.307
are also the sciences that stand close.

0:13:46.307,0:13:49.260
And the research on epigenetics[br]made me tremble.

0:13:49.260,0:13:52.650
Why? Because by studying[br]what happens to little mice

0:13:52.650,0:13:56.161
that during pregnancy [br]are put into ice water,

0:13:56.161,0:13:58.622
and then they are made to give birth,

0:13:58.622,0:14:02.374
it's been noticed, and this data[br]should make us think

0:14:02.374,0:14:04.143
that it doesn't happen only to mice,

0:14:04.143,0:14:07.789
that their puppies[br]will inherit the fear-alert

0:14:07.789,0:14:10.299
for three generations at least.

0:14:10.299,0:14:13.026
As if memories of pain

0:14:13.026,0:14:16.985
were not only individual [br]but transgenerational.

0:14:16.985,0:14:21.726
This means that we pass on,[br]to protect our children,

0:14:21.726,0:14:24.213
the thing from which[br]they should protect themselves.

0:14:25.503,0:14:28.166
What are the two most troubling emotions,

0:14:28.166,0:14:29.702
those that worry me the most?

0:14:29.702,0:14:31.645
Guilt and fear.

0:14:32.514,0:14:34.282
I can't talk about these,

0:14:34.282,0:14:37.239
but I can tell you which are[br]the antagonist emotions.

0:14:37.239,0:14:38.759
To guilty conscience

0:14:38.769,0:14:42.115
the great antagonist is[br]the right to make mistakes.

0:14:42.115,0:14:44.752
If we are aware of this,

0:14:44.752,0:14:49.206
that we should raise our children[br]in the right to make mistakes,

0:14:49.206,0:14:53.235
in treating error as a process of change,[br]of continuous improvement,

0:14:53.235,0:14:55.301
the level of awareness changes.

0:14:55.301,0:14:58.380
We said whispers and voices.

0:14:58.380,0:15:02.790
Well, if we say "Good", "Good", Good!"

0:15:02.790,0:15:06.295
we give completely different information

0:15:06.295,0:15:09.419
because it is the emotion[br]that we send with it,

0:15:09.419,0:15:12.171
the indicator we are using,

0:15:12.171,0:15:16.062
that goes to the great decision maker[br]and says: "protect" or "don't protect".

0:15:17.151,0:15:19.020
Now I'll tell you about the last child,

0:15:19.020,0:15:20.646
since I just have 18 seconds left.

0:15:20.646,0:15:24.193
This last child reveals to you[br]why I've come here,

0:15:24.193,0:15:26.615
doing something crazy,[br]between two conferences,

0:15:26.615,0:15:29.840
because I'm leaving for Paris [br]for a conference on the brain

0:15:29.840,0:15:32.585
that makes me much more anxious.

0:15:32.585,0:15:34.678
So, this is not a good day.

0:15:34.678,0:15:36.687
But then, why did I come here?

0:15:36.687,0:15:38.717
I'll tell you through[br]the story of Anselmo.

0:15:38.717,0:15:42.299
Anselmo is an Asperger child [br]with very high cognitive functioning.

0:15:42.299,0:15:44.727
Like "Rain Man", to give you an idea.

0:15:44.727,0:15:47.728
I met him some years ago[br]because his parents, two doctors,

0:15:47.733,0:15:48.818
told me:

0:15:48.818,0:15:51.609
"You help so many children in need.

0:15:51.609,0:15:55.688
Help him too. Him who speaks[br]four languages, solves maths problems

0:15:55.688,0:15:58.393
as if he's attending his[br]second year of university,

0:15:58.393,0:16:01.798
draws the Duomo of Milan[br]in a few seconds without mistakes."

0:16:01.798,0:16:04.097
But all it takes to upset him,[br]is looking at him

0:16:04.097,0:16:07.267
and he goes into all of those[br]typical behaviours,

0:16:07.267,0:16:11.633
prototypical of all major[br]autistic syndromes.

0:16:11.633,0:16:14.126
I had never tried before to help a child

0:16:14.126,0:16:17.027
in what is the development[br]area of proximal emotions

0:16:17.027,0:16:20.166
But I thought that in[br]this extraordinary brain,

0:16:20.166,0:16:24.867
if the two structures are structures [br]that collaborate synchronously,

0:16:24.867,0:16:28.741
I could help the emotions [br]with the cognition.

0:16:28.741,0:16:30.044
And what did I do?

0:16:30.044,0:16:32.157
I asked him to jot down on a notebook

0:16:32.157,0:16:35.943
all the things that caused him[br]fear or anguish,

0:16:35.943,0:16:37.483
or a sense of vulnerability.

0:16:37.483,0:16:38.812
And I asked him to find,

0:16:38.812,0:16:42.534
for each of those, a strategy[br]to overcome this vulnerability.

0:16:42.534,0:16:46.856
This strategy didn't have[br]to be particularly sophisticated.

0:16:46.856,0:16:49.487
Most of the time it was [br]a strategy of his own,

0:16:49.487,0:16:53.094
like stomping his feet on the ground,[br]clapping and snapping his fingers,

0:16:53.094,0:16:54.205
but this made

0:16:54.205,0:16:57.415
this flow of anxiety go away.

0:16:57.415,0:17:00.749
So he filled notebooks and notebooks

0:17:00.749,0:17:02.709
with these kind of solutions,

0:17:02.709,0:17:07.440
and he came to present these[br]at a conference with 100 teachers.

0:17:07.440,0:17:10.869
We had prepared him, mark my words,

0:17:10.869,0:17:16.554
to avoid moments of unfavourable[br]reactions to a big audience

0:17:16.554,0:17:20.935
and we trained the teachers[br]to not spook him.

0:17:20.935,0:17:23.272
But at some point, while he was talking,

0:17:23.272,0:17:26.513
one of the teachers gets emotional,[br]she starts crying,

0:17:26.513,0:17:27.920
she stands up and applauds.

0:17:27.920,0:17:29.469
So all the teachers,

0:17:29.469,0:17:31.713
100 teachers, start to cry,

0:17:31.713,0:17:34.884
they stand up and applaud, [br]they get emotional.

0:17:34.884,0:17:39.030
So he panics and runs behind a curtain.

0:17:39.030,0:17:42.804
I go get him, we stomp our feet,[br]I take him by his little finger,

0:17:42.804,0:17:46.223
we take a hot chocolate -[br]and I must conclude quickly -

0:17:46.223,0:17:47.663
and he tells me:

0:17:47.663,0:17:50.063
"Lucangeli, did you see the multiplier?"

0:17:50.388,0:17:53.104
I say: "No, not really. What do you mean?"

0:17:53.104,0:17:57.384
"There were 100 teachers, Lucangeli,[br]some young, some not so much.

0:17:57.384,0:18:00.665
On average they will work[br]another 25 years in school.

0:18:00.665,0:18:04.536
Each one of them will have[br]at least 25 students in class.

0:18:04.536,0:18:06.905
So, with this hour of lesson,

0:18:06.905,0:18:11.435
I've helped, during my life,[br]62,500 children."

0:18:12.418,0:18:14.597
And I'm here for this.

0:18:14.597,0:18:18.297
(Applause)

0:18:23.387,0:18:25.557
I'm here, and I want to say it,

0:18:25.557,0:18:30.327
so that you'll help me practice[br]a helpful kind of science.[br]

0:18:30.327,0:18:33.869
I'm here, and I want to say it,[br]so that you'll help me -

0:18:33.869,0:18:36.061
and help us, because we're many people,

0:18:36.061,0:18:38.625
to practice a helpful kind of science,

0:18:38.625,0:18:44.318
so that we'll become much[br]more than 62,500 people.

0:18:44.318,0:18:45.815
Thank you, have a good life.

0:18:45.815,0:18:49.015
(Applause)