[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.87,0:00:03.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Greetings Troublemakers...
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.87,0:00:05.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,welcome to Trouble.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.07,0:00:07.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My name is not important.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.09,0:00:08.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Whether you live in a \N
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.04,0:00:09.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,densely-populated metropolis,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.63,0:00:10.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or a mid-sized city,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.63,0:00:11.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,chances are you've had
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.92,0:00:13.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,first-hand experiences \N
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.07,0:00:13.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dealing with the process
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.97,0:00:15.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of capitalist urbanization
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.26,0:00:17.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,known as gentrification.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.11,0:00:18.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's called gentrification.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.96,0:00:20.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can buy the land at a lower price.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.62,0:00:22.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then they move all the people out,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.33,0:00:23.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,raise the property value,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.44,0:00:25.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sell it at a profit.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.07,0:00:26.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,While this disease is
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.08,0:00:27.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,often popularly associated\N
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.68,0:00:29.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with its most visible symptoms,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.45,0:00:31.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the opening of a new boutique cafe
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.37,0:00:32.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on your block,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.13,0:00:33.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the seemingly endless construction
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.87,0:00:35.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of new high-rise condo towers...
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.94,0:00:38.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gentrification is, at its core,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.18,0:00:40.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a process of displacement.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.63,0:00:41.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is class warfare,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.63,0:00:42.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,waged in the physical spaces
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.83,0:00:44.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of our neighbourhoods.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.55,0:00:46.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is speculation and investment,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.33,0:00:47.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,financed by banks, investment firms
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.80,0:00:49.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and pension funds,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.58,0:00:51.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enacted by real estate developers
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.21,0:00:52.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and facilitated by state, regional
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.71,0:00:54.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and local governments.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.71,0:00:56.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The development of the modern city
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.10,0:00:58.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has always been, and continues to be,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.18,0:00:59.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,intimately tied to the interests
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.73,0:01:01.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of capitalists and the ruling class.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.71,0:01:03.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many of the cities that exist today
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.57,0:01:04.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,first emerged back in
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.64,0:01:06.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the 18th and 19th century,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.45,0:01:07.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,often in tandem with
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.37,0:01:08.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the development and spread\N
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.47,0:01:09.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of industrial manufacturing
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.80,0:01:11.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and resource extraction.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.88,0:01:13.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Early capitalists required
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.38,0:01:15.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,massive numbers of workers to toil
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.25,0:01:16.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in their factories and mines,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.68,0:01:18.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so people were forced off the land
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.64,0:01:20.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and into concentrated urban populations,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.69,0:01:21.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where they often lived
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.66,0:01:23.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in squalor and misery.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.16,0:01:24.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In much of the Global South,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.77,0:01:26.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this phenomenon is still taking place,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.75,0:01:28.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as farmers and Indigenous communities
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.65,0:01:30.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are pushed off their lands and forced\N
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.10,0:01:31.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to move to cities to work in factories
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.92,0:01:33.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or precarious jobs in informal
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.89,0:01:35.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and black market economies.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.95,0:01:38.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 2014, the UN estimated that
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.26,0:01:40.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the first time in human history,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.05,0:01:42.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more than half of us lived in cities.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.47,0:01:44.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This trend is only set to increase..
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.42,0:01:46.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and by far the fastest rate of urban
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.35,0:01:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,population growth is occurring in
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.00,0:01:49.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sprawling and overcrowded
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.08,0:01:50.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mega-slums.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.54,0:01:52.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Meanwhile, in the Global North,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.38,0:01:54.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,today's metropolitan cities have become
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.18,0:01:55.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the command and control centres
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.76,0:01:57.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for transnational corporations,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.59,0:01:59.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hubs of global finance,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.08,0:02:00.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and incubators of the dynamic new
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.78,0:02:02.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,flag-bearers of the so-called
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.47,0:02:03.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,information economy.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.13,0:02:05.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet at the same time,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.37,0:02:07.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,decades of corporate off-shoring
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.03,0:02:08.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and neoliberal structural adjustments
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.79,0:02:10.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have created deep reservoirs
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.03,0:02:11.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of inequality.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.61,0:02:13.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Gentrification is a byproduct\N
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.62,0:02:14.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of this contradiction.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.84,0:02:15.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A process whereby cities
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.91,0:02:16.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and neighbourhoods
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.66,0:02:17.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,regenerate themselves
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.64,0:02:19.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by displacing working-class people
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.37,0:02:21.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to suburban ghettos in order to make
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.23,0:02:22.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more room for the lavish lifestyles
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.67,0:02:23.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the rich.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.59,0:02:25.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over the next thirty minutes,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.51,0:02:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will look at gentrification
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.00,0:02:28.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a structural phenomenon,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.29,0:02:29.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and examine how it is playing out
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.85,0:02:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in three megacities:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.00,0:02:33.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Toronto, New Orleans and Istanbul.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.53,0:02:34.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Along the way,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.60,0:02:36.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will highlight the voices of a number
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.10,0:02:37.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of individuals who are organizing
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.49,0:02:38.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with their neighbours,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.50,0:02:39.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fighting back against the state
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.65,0:02:41.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and corporate developers...
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.11,0:02:42.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and making a whole lot of trouble.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.18,0:03:14.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since the financial crisis in 2008,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.57,0:03:16.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we’ve increasingly seen
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.02,0:03:17.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the financialization of
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.93,0:03:20.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the rental housing sector.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.30,0:03:21.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Financialization is a bit of
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.30,0:03:22.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a complicated term.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.42,0:03:24.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What it really refers to is this shift
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.69,0:03:26.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the way that capitalism
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.58,0:03:27.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been operating,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.83,0:03:29.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a change that's taken place
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.22,0:03:30.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since about the 1970’s.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.19,0:03:33.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So a shift from capital accumulation
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.36,0:03:35.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,coming from commodity production
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.06,0:03:37.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to coming through financial channels.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.24,0:03:39.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what this has also involved is
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.24,0:03:41.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an increasing role for finance capital
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.07,0:03:42.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in other parts of the economy where
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.47,0:03:43.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it hadn’t previously played
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.78,0:03:45.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a prominent role,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.10,0:03:46.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then enforcing on those
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.76,0:03:50.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,parts of the economy, logics of finance.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.79,0:03:54.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, big money is made in cities.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.12,0:03:56.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The real estate market is currently
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.04,0:03:57.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the largest sector of
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.21,0:03:58.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Canadian economy.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.85,0:04:00.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you look at the biggest landlords
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.30,0:04:02.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the country, 18 out of the top 20
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.90,0:04:04.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would fall under the category
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.32,0:04:06.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of these financialized landlords.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.58,0:04:08.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see things like hedge funds
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.26,0:04:09.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and pension funds that are invested
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.98,0:04:12.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in different local housing markets
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.14,0:04:13.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it’s seen as a relatively
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.96,0:04:15.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,safe investment.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.52,0:04:17.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fincialized investment in Canada
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.28,0:04:20.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been growing since the 1990’s.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.08,0:04:22.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Real Estate Investment Trusts
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.27,0:04:23.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are increasingly taking over
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.75,0:04:25.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the rental housing market.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.75,0:04:27.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since 1996,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.44,0:04:28.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Real Estate Investment Trusts,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.69,0:04:29.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or REIT’s, in particular,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.98,0:04:32.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have grown from owning zero
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.47,0:04:33.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,multi-family apartment suites,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.98,0:04:36.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to owning over 160 000.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.17,0:04:37.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Such that now they own
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.63,0:04:41.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about ten percent of privately-built
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.08,0:04:43.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,multi-family housing in the country.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.60,0:04:44.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Real Estate Investment Trusts
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.59,0:04:47.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,allow investors to pool capital together
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.14,0:04:49.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to purchase real estate
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.35,0:04:50.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the real estate itself
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.86,0:04:52.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then gets managed in a way
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.22,0:04:53.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to try and increase its value
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.92,0:04:55.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and generate profits
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.32,0:04:56.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,back to those investors.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.36,0:04:57.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So real estate investment trusts
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.98,0:04:59.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have access to tremendous amounts
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.93,0:05:02.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of capital and can buy large portfolios
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.33,0:05:03.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of buildings as they grow.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.97,0:05:05.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then they can take advantage of
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.63,0:05:07.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,economies of scale to make
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.07,0:05:08.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those buildings more profitable.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.45,0:05:10.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What they call this is "re-positioning."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.96,0:05:13.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This has created a situation where
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.75,0:05:16.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all landlords across the board
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.02,0:05:18.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have been forced to take on
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.61,0:05:21.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,certain strategies to increase profits
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.52,0:05:23.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to compete on that market.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.96,0:05:25.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Housing prices have been going up
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.19,0:05:26.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Canada and indeed
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.43,0:05:27.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,other parts of the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.94,0:05:30.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Canada’s been hit particularly hard.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.70,0:05:33.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the hottest real estate markets
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.10,0:05:35.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we’ve seen the largest increase
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.14,0:05:38.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in property values has been Toronto.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.60,0:05:39.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Ontario,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.69,0:05:41.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the government sets an annual
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.57,0:05:42.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rent guideline.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.79,0:05:44.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the amount that landlords
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.80,0:05:46.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are legally permitted to
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.84,0:05:49.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,raise rents for sitting tenants.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.57,0:05:53.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The guideline in 2017 was 1.5 percent.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.37,0:05:56.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet we saw a 6% overall
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.40,0:05:58.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,increase in rents.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.13,0:06:01.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so landlords have been able
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.48,0:06:04.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to raise rents beyond
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.46,0:06:06.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the provincial guideline
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.17,0:06:09.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,primarily through vacancy decontrol.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.18,0:06:12.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since the 90’s we’ve had no rent control
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.79,0:06:14.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on vacant units.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.52,0:06:16.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this creates a pressure
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.16,0:06:18.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to try and make units vacant
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.13,0:06:19.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that the rent can be increased
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.99,0:06:21.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,up to whatever the market will bear.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.75,0:06:23.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the last year,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.54,0:06:25.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the average price for a one bedroom
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.75,0:06:28.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unit in Toronto has increased
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.75,0:06:30.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to over $2000.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.53,0:06:32.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The pattern that we’ve seen
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.66,0:06:35.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been one of increasing social and
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.62,0:06:37.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,spacial inequality in this city.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.46,0:06:40.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So a pattern towards gentrification
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.44,0:06:42.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the urban core.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.71,0:06:43.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The demographic data
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.95,0:06:45.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is really very clear.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.54,0:06:48.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It shows that downtown Toronto
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.97,0:06:52.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the corridors along subway lines
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.34,0:06:54.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are essentially enclaves
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.65,0:06:56.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for rich white people.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.48,0:06:59.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The majority of working-class,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.66,0:07:02.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,heavily racialized population
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.36,0:07:03.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is being pushed out
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.71,0:07:05.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into the inner suburbs
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.25,0:07:07.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or is struggling to stay
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.90,0:07:10.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a few remaining areas
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.96,0:07:13.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in and around downtown Toronto,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.72,0:07:15.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including places like Parkdale
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.81,0:07:18.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the Queen and Sherbourne area.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.95,0:07:21.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rising house prices in Toronto
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.50,0:07:24.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have also created a situation where
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.17,0:07:26.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many young professionals in the market
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.83,0:07:28.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for their first homes
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.50,0:07:30.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have been priced out of the city.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.13,0:07:31.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we’re seeing a lot of young
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.38,0:07:34.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,professional people trying to buy property
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.50,0:07:36.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in cities like Hamilton.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.52,0:07:38.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The city of Hamilton’s cool quotient
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.51,0:07:40.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been on the rise for some time,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.46,0:07:42.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the prosperity that’s got some
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.03,0:07:43.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,celebrating has others worried about
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.82,0:07:45.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether the urban renaissance there
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.65,0:07:47.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could be leaving some people behind.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.22,0:07:54.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hamilton is a mid size city in southern Ontario\Nand for most of its history, Hamilton was
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.50,0:07:55.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a large steel manufacturer.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.82,0:08:00.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s still known as the “Steel Town”\Nalthough for years now, the steel industry
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.42,0:08:05.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been shrinking, and now it’s trying\Nto essentially recreate itself as a “artistic
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.03,0:08:10.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hub” and kind of draw in creative professionals\Nfrom the greater Toronto Area.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.55,0:08:16.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because of Hamilton’s physical proximity\Nto Toronto, we have kind of a secondary wave
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.74,0:08:19.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of gentrification happening in Hamilton.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.67,0:08:27.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The province of Ontario has regional population\Ntargets and a general idea about where they
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.30,0:08:29.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,want to see population growth happening.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.98,0:08:34.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In order to facilitate this and in order to\Nintegrate some of the metropolitan areas,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.70,0:08:39.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they’ve invested in larger scale transportation\Ninfrastructure.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.33,0:08:43.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One such initiative is the Go Transit Network\Nwhich is a fleet of busses and trains which
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.89,0:08:47.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,link commuters from the greater Toronto Area.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.46,0:08:51.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hamilton has two new Go Transit Hubs in the\Nworks.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.60,0:08:54.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One in the east and one in the north of downtown.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.43,0:08:58.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Both of these are aimed at making Hamilton\Nmore attractive as a potential bedroom community
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.89,0:08:59.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Toronto.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.89,0:09:05.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And beyond that, the province is also funding\Na light rail transit or LRT line in Hamilton
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.97,0:09:12.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is going to run the length of the lower\Ncity from Mcmaster University in the west,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.10,0:09:16.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out to Stoney Creek in the very east end of\Nthe city.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.24,0:09:21.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This project is really going to open up the\Ncity to gentrification.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.62,0:09:29.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is essentially a state led strategy of\Nurban intensification and the levels of development
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.25,0:09:33.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that accompany it.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.70,0:09:37.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Despite the upheaval and mass displacement\Nthat it brings in its wake, gentrification
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.42,0:09:42.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is usually a pretty gradual process, and one\Nthat traditionally tends to take place in
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.56,0:09:43.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stages.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.56,0:09:49.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stereotypically, it starts with artists, students\Nand hipsters of various stripes moving into
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.39,0:09:55.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a working-class neighbourhood, drawn to the\Narea by its cheap rents.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.36,0:09:59.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These new arrivals bring with them increased\Nsocial capital and disposable income, and
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.07,0:10:00.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,soon a host of new cafes, restaurants, bars\Nand art galleries begin to spring up to cater
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.69,0:10:01.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to their tastes.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.69,0:10:07.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From there, the area starts to get a buzz,\Nand real estate agents begin promoting it
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.44,0:10:08.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as an up-and-coming neighbourhood.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.72,0:10:15.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Homeowners decide to cash in on rising property\Nvalues, while long-standing working-class
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.26,0:10:19.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and racialized tenants are priced, or otherwise\Npushed out.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.09,0:10:23.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,More middle-class residents move in, rents\Ngo up... and the cycle repeats until the area
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.70,0:10:26.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is completely transformed into a sterile playground\Nfor the rich.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.74,0:10:30.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's how the story goes, anyway.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.96,0:10:36.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In reality, this oversimplified formula for\Ngentrification ignores the important role
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.36,0:10:37.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that developers, finance capital, police and\Nurban planners at various levels of government
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.36,0:10:38.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,play in coordinating the process.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.36,0:10:39.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But even when all those variables are factored\Nin, the fact remains that gentrification generally
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.36,0:11:03.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,still takes years to play out... for the simple\Nreason that it's hard to displace large numbers
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.43,0:11:07.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of poor people from their homes in one fell\Nswoop.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.92,0:11:11.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Except of course... when the powerful forces\Npushing gentrification get a little helping
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.35,0:11:12.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hand from the even more powerful forces of\NMother Nature.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.35,0:11:13.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You’ve got Pagoda’s over there, you’ve\Ngot the Church of Yoga over here, you’ve
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.40,0:11:16.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,got the Uber building down the street, so\Nyou’ve got all these little spots here and
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.03,0:11:21.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there that are quickly making it so this is\Nactually a high traffic area of primarily
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.15,0:11:24.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,white people that are not from here carrying\Nyoga mats.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.65,0:11:29.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That’s what this area, it used to be a very\Npoor area, got replaced with.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.92,0:11:34.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I’ve seen this city go through changes in\Nmy life.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.97,0:11:41.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The building of the Crescent City Connection-\Nthat bridge transformed this community in
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.75,0:11:43.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a multitude of ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.78,0:11:45.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With that bridge came urban renewal.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.84,0:11:53.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the oldest African Communities was\Ndisplaced in order to build a housing project.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.75,0:11:57.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The third would be Betsy, Hurricane Betsy.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:57.14,0:12:02.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because of Besty, people that would normally\Nbe still living down by the Bayou or the 9th
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.41,0:12:05.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ward, would have just remained in those areas.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.34,0:12:12.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But because of the devastation of those communities,\Nit forced them to come into a community that
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.21,0:12:16.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was being rebuilt and reborn, and then Katrina.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.63,0:12:22.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Out of all of them, Katrina was the worst.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.39,0:12:25.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It had the most devastating impact.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.87,0:12:27.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I moved to New Orleans in 2014.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.41,0:12:32.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I’m from Venezuela and my country’s consulate\Nhad closed down in Miami so I came here to
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.83,0:12:33.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,get my passport.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.83,0:12:38.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was also some immigration restrictions\Nthat encouraged me to move here.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.09,0:12:44.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A big factor was connected to gentrification,\Nwhich is moving here because housing was more
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.20,0:12:50.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,affordable after Katrina and because employment\Nwas something I could find here more accessible
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.40,0:12:52.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than in South Florida.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.17,0:12:58.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because of Katrina and the great displacement\Nof local communities after Katrina and during
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.74,0:13:05.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Katrina, to be a guest in this city and to\Nbe a resident in this city post Katrina, and
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.37,0:13:10.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be a respectful guest, you have to be very\Naware of the racial dynamics of who has been
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.86,0:13:15.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,displaced and who has been the demographic\Nreplacing the people who are no longer able
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.70,0:13:25.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to come back to the city, alongside with millions\Nof dynamics that go anywhere from microagressions
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.36,0:13:30.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to being a major player of gentrification\Nand in the systems that are negatively impacting
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.44,0:13:36.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and negatively affecting the communities here.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.02,0:13:42.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Katrina was also the very first major disaster\Nwhere Fema came under homeland security.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.41,0:13:50.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first two weeks after Katrina, it was\Nall about security.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.13,0:13:54.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, it felt like all those that matter\Nhad left.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.91,0:13:58.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those who was left in the city, don’t even\Nreally matter.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:58.77,0:14:01.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they made that crystal clear by their\Naction.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.03,0:14:06.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With that and the advent of disaster capitalism.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.24,0:14:15.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Seeing everything from trash removal, to the\Nremoval of bodies- was held up until certain
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.90,0:14:17.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,individuals got they contracts.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.94,0:14:25.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You had billions of dollars that was allocated\Nto a city with a population of less than half
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.65,0:14:26.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a million.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.65,0:14:27.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Billions.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.65,0:14:32.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it impacted no one that really had the\Nneeds.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.60,0:14:37.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The needs of the community have gone unaddressed\Nand instead what has been prioritized has
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.86,0:14:43.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,been profit and the passing of policies that\Nhave been geared towards making profit from
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.92,0:14:45.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the displacement of people.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.67,0:14:50.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Looking at prisons and the jail systems now,\Nand how much of the money that the government
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.21,0:14:58.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gives is still going towards allegedly restoring\Nor rebuilding or expanding the jail or the
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.73,0:15:04.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,prisons or rebuilding or expanding new hospitals\Nwhich are more for profit and they’re not
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.52,0:15:05.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as affordable.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.76,0:15:11.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With all these examples you can see how the\Ncity systemically is still taking money from
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.86,0:15:16.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the disaster and still profiting from the\Ndisplacement of the community here and investing
Dialogue: 0,0:15:16.95,0:15:22.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that money in for profit projects that are\Ngeared towards tourists or geared towards
Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.42,0:15:29.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,upper class guests or upper class residents\Nas opposed to working class communities and
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.56,0:15:39.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,poor communities, and particularly communities\Nof colour which was the majority of people
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.98,0:15:40.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in New Orleans before Katrina.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:40.98,0:15:41.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People are being priced out of their homes.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.98,0:15:48.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A unit that was maybe 500 during pre-Katrina,\Nnow was somewhere around 12.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:48.93,0:15:55.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Developers are coming in, and now you have\Nthe advent of the Air B&B, you know you have
Dialogue: 0,0:15:55.56,0:16:01.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a New Orleans that is constantly being transformed\Naround us.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.62,0:16:08.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see a lot of whites and others coming\Nin to predominantly African American community.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:08.95,0:16:09.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Directly after Katrina, everybody basically\Nhad to evacuate the city.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.95,0:16:15.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lot of the housing that could have been\Nrestored, was not restored.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.98,0:16:22.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead it was taken down and new housing\Nthat’s not affordable was built up or businesses
Dialogue: 0,0:16:22.42,0:16:23.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were built up.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:23.54,0:16:28.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In general, we’ve seen almost no efforts\Nto bring back people that were displaced by
Dialogue: 0,0:16:28.91,0:16:37.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Katrina, and instead we’re seeing efforts\Nto continue to profit from making more tourist
Dialogue: 0,0:16:37.78,0:16:38.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hot spots.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:38.78,0:16:42.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The industry that’s really running the city\Nis tourism.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:42.30,0:16:43.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,White tourism.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:43.30,0:16:45.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it’s controlled by white dollars.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.82,0:16:51.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they control not only the white tourism,\Nbut they control about 90 percent of the black
Dialogue: 0,0:16:51.52,0:16:52.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tourism.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:52.52,0:16:57.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lot of the money that’s being given to\NNew Orleans from the government is going to
Dialogue: 0,0:16:57.42,0:17:03.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the expansion of prisons or the attempts at\Nbuilding new prisons.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:03.19,0:17:08.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s a completely a for-profit organization,\Nso a lot of the money is being either misplaced
Dialogue: 0,0:17:08.14,0:17:18.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into making more profit from poverty and crime\Nand displacement, or it’s being put into
Dialogue: 0,0:17:18.86,0:17:31.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,development that is to better assist the communities\Nthat are not from New Orleans, so it’s being
Dialogue: 0,0:17:31.11,0:17:45.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,put to renovate big businesses or to make\Nthe business sectors and the upper class sector
Dialogue: 0,0:17:45.75,0:18:11.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the tourism sector in the city better\Nand it’s not being distributed in the places
Dialogue: 0,0:18:11.62,0:18:15.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it’s the most needed.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:15.60,0:18:24.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a city that’s ran by the police\Nbecause it’s ran by tourism.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:24.34,0:18:32.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in order for tourism needs to survive,\Nit’s got to be protected.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:32.81,0:18:43.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you try to tell the police- it don’t\Nhave nowhere near the impact of poverty.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:43.27,0:18:45.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That’s the most cruel thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:45.76,0:18:56.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, you be living on a block, where\Nthere only one person got a Mercedes, you
Dialogue: 0,0:18:56.53,0:18:57.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dig?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:57.53,0:18:58.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you catchin’ a bus.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:58.69,0:19:05.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ten years ago, the international financial\Nsystem nearly collapsed.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:05.48,0:19:13.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A historically unprecedented housing bubble\Nin the United States burst, setting off a
Dialogue: 0,0:19:13.78,0:19:36.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,chain reaction that ended up threatening the\Ninstitutional pillars of global capitalism
Dialogue: 0,0:19:36.25,0:19:39.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:39.63,0:19:52.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As millions of people lost their homes, governments\Naround the world scrambled to bail out the
Dialogue: 0,0:19:52.23,0:19:57.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,banks and pump money back into the global\Neconomy.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:57.36,0:20:00.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But rather than spending that money on rebuilding\Nthe local communities that they'd just destroyed,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:00.01,0:20:02.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the banks poured that money into a number\Nof so-called 'emerging economies'.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:02.13,0:20:03.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A prime example being Turkey.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:03.13,0:20:04.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Back in 2008, Turkey was already in the midst\Nof a construction boom, and the flooding in
Dialogue: 0,0:20:04.72,0:20:05.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of billions of dollars in foreign investment\Nonly quickened the pace.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:05.72,0:20:06.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the five years between 2011 and 2016, house\Nprices in Turkey doubled.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:06.72,0:20:07.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Much of this growth was concentrated in Istanbul,\Nthe sprawling metropolis of over 15 million
Dialogue: 0,0:20:07.72,0:20:08.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people that once served as the capital of\Nthe Byzantine and Ottoman Empires, and which
Dialogue: 0,0:20:08.72,0:20:09.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for over two thousands years has remained\Nthe primary bridge between the continents
Dialogue: 0,0:20:09.72,0:20:10.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Europe and Asia.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:10.72,0:20:11.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The dizzying pace of urban transformation\Nin this former Ottoman capital has been closely
Dialogue: 0,0:20:11.72,0:20:12.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,linked to the dictatorial ambitions of the\Ncountry's president, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan,
Dialogue: 0,0:20:12.72,0:20:13.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who has sought to use the reconstruction of\NIstanbul as a tool for consolidating power
Dialogue: 0,0:20:13.72,0:20:14.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around a new national identity.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:14.72,0:20:15.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we talk about the global capitalist crisis,\Nit’s obvious that the states are trying
Dialogue: 0,0:20:15.72,0:20:16.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their best to get over this crisis with the\Ntool of urban gentrification because they
Dialogue: 0,0:20:16.72,0:20:17.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have the companies, they have the law making.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:17.72,0:20:18.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The capitalization process of Istanbul city\Nis not a new thing, it is a long term project
Dialogue: 0,0:20:18.72,0:20:19.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the state.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:19.72,0:20:20.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are talking about over 50 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:20.72,0:20:21.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The last 12 years, the process get faster\Nin the government of the AKP.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:21.72,0:20:22.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These urban gentrification projects always\Nhas been resource of income for the state.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:22.72,0:20:23.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These projects has been widely spread and\Nthey started to change the face of the city
Dialogue: 0,0:20:23.72,0:20:24.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and now they are making it more and more easier\Nto make this.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:24.72,0:20:29.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the beginning, it was only possible to\Ndestroy that building and make a new one with
Dialogue: 0,0:20:29.27,0:20:33.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a consensus of all people living in.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:33.19,0:20:40.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But now, they make it majority of people and\Nthe state of emergency also helps to build
Dialogue: 0,0:20:40.52,0:20:44.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this legal process more and more easier.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:44.46,0:20:50.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For last four or five years, they are nationalizing\Nthe private spaces.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:50.89,0:20:57.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By these practices, they are trying to change\Nthe type of capitalist power.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:57.45,0:21:03.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is also politic of homogenizing the people.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:03.54,0:21:11.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Deleting all cultures and force them to be\NMuslim, force them to be Sunia Muslim, and
Dialogue: 0,0:21:11.09,0:21:14.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Turkish people, which is the identity of the\Nstate.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:14.93,0:21:23.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For Istanbul, you can see there are big walls\Nwhich are coming from Ottoman or Byzantine
Dialogue: 0,0:21:23.59,0:21:24.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,time.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:24.59,0:21:28.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Out of the walls, they have built the slums.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:28.81,0:21:35.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The builders of the Gejekondu Areas, slum\Nareas, are so called minorities.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:35.64,0:21:42.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s not just Alevis and Kurds, but also\NRoma people.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:42.07,0:21:47.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People who had immigrated from village to\Nbig cities like Istanbul.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:47.79,0:21:54.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From the beginning, these neighbourhoods like\NGazi Neighbouhood, like Bir Mayis Neighbourhood,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:54.44,0:21:55.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and CHKMUNTLU?
Dialogue: 0,0:21:55.79,0:22:02.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All these neighbourhoods were built with the\Nparticipation of the whole community.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:02.65,0:22:06.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And caring and thinking about of all the needs\Nof that community.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:06.26,0:22:13.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, these slums means more than just spaces\Nto live, but it’s also a way of relationship
Dialogue: 0,0:22:13.15,0:22:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that people are caring about each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:18.00,0:22:27.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During 1960’s and 1980’s, many revolutionary\Norganizations have appeared, and this is important
Dialogue: 0,0:22:27.53,0:22:35.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because next residents of these regions will\Nbe the organizers of the first actions against
Dialogue: 0,0:22:35.18,0:22:41.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the destruction policy of the state.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:41.61,0:23:06.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Taksim riots started against the construction\Nof a mall.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:06.64,0:23:10.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Gezi Park protests became so popular.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:10.42,0:23:24.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The rioters of Taksim/Gezi achieved the collectivization\Nof the park, and this is a great example of
Dialogue: 0,0:23:24.08,0:23:31.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how we can struggle against the gentrification\Npolitics, against the space politics of the
Dialogue: 0,0:23:31.35,0:23:32.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,states and the companies.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:32.71,0:23:38.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The meaning of the park, the meaning of the\Nspace has been changed.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:38.95,0:23:46.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People got the control of the park and the\Nspace has a political meaning.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:46.99,0:23:57.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we look what happened after Gezi, that\Nriots, the people coming together and the
Dialogue: 0,0:23:57.98,0:24:00.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,occupation of the Gezi Park becomes something\Nto hold and many people go on resisting after
Dialogue: 0,0:24:00.68,0:24:03.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Gezi Park was evicted.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:03.50,0:24:13.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The social resistance was very high and people\Nwere not afraid to go on the streets anymore,
Dialogue: 0,0:24:13.09,0:24:26.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that also affected in a way urban gentrification\Nprotests and many other protests, but as the
Dialogue: 0,0:24:26.81,0:24:31.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,oppression become more and more visible, and\Nthat social opposition became less and less
Dialogue: 0,0:24:31.70,0:24:37.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seen, that also has its effects on urban gentrification.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:37.79,0:24:41.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During one week, the Turkish state have been\Nkilled over 10 young people.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:41.39,0:24:48.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are not just talking about of a day, we\Nare talking about years where people have
Dialogue: 0,0:24:48.36,0:24:53.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,been oppressed politically, socially and economically.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:53.19,0:24:59.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the first things that they are trying\Nto break is the relationship in these neighbourhoods.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:59.79,0:25:03.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The culture of resistance and the culture\Nof solidarity.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:03.45,0:25:10.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is not just a struggle against the gentrification\Nprojects.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:10.38,0:25:20.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is against the violence and the terror\Nof the state.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:20.88,0:25:24.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These days, gentrification can often seem\Ninevitable.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:24.32,0:25:29.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is, after all, a constant process firmly\Nanchored upon the sanctity of private property
Dialogue: 0,0:25:29.04,0:25:36.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the unshakeable logic of the free market.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:36.88,0:25:45.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,According to this cold logic, homes, and the\Nland that they are built on, are commodities
Dialogue: 0,0:25:45.29,0:25:46.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like any other.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:46.43,0:25:50.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It follows, then, that they can be bought\Nand sold... and if the people living there
Dialogue: 0,0:25:50.03,0:25:52.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't hold the deed, there's not much they\Ncan do to stop it.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:52.98,0:25:55.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Except, of course, there is.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:55.90,0:26:00.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because despite what capitalist may claim,\Nour homes are not commodities like any other.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:00.38,0:26:02.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They’re much more than that.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:02.34,0:26:07.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People defending their homes have been primary\Nagents of struggle for the entirety of human
Dialogue: 0,0:26:07.03,0:26:08.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,history.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:08.03,0:26:11.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From anti-colonial struggles waged by Indigenous\Nnations, to peasants taking up arms to defend
Dialogue: 0,0:26:11.97,0:26:16.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their lands from enclosure and theft... people\Ntend to fight hard for their homes.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:16.27,0:26:19.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And while things in cities are different,\Nand often much more complicated... the basic
Dialogue: 0,0:26:19.98,0:26:21.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,principle is the same.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:21.50,0:26:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that it’s important for revolutionaries\Nand for anti-capitalists and anarchists who
Dialogue: 0,0:26:27.00,0:26:31.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,want to fight a process like gentrification\Nwhich is multifaceted to actually be embedded
Dialogue: 0,0:26:31.37,0:26:33.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the communities that are affected by gentrification.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:33.87,0:26:38.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The only way of actually stopping gentrification\Nis getting out in front of it, and in order
Dialogue: 0,0:26:38.44,0:26:42.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get out in front of it, you need to actually\Nbe living there.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:42.79,0:26:46.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You need to have social relationships with\Nthe people who are going to be displaced,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:46.68,0:26:48.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you need to help with them to fight.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:48.84,0:26:52.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you know this is not, the sexiest type\Nof work.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:52.14,0:26:58.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have to come in very humble and really\Ntry and support the work that’s being done
Dialogue: 0,0:26:58.05,0:27:03.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the people that are the most affected and\Nnot trying to come into anyone’s community
Dialogue: 0,0:27:03.16,0:27:07.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with like a saviour complex, especially if\Nyou’re white, to try and fix people’s
Dialogue: 0,0:27:07.79,0:27:11.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,problems because usually there’s been communities\Nof people that have been facing those issues
Dialogue: 0,0:27:11.97,0:27:15.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for decades, if not hundreds of years.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:15.65,0:27:22.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that the left are often looking for\Nshortcuts.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:22.27,0:27:29.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unfortunately, currently, the left is largely\Nbased around academic spaces and, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:29.18,0:27:34.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not necessarily associated with the fabric\Nof working class people’s lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:34.28,0:27:39.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ground level tenant driven organizing in buildings\Nis what’s actually making a lot of change.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:39.33,0:27:43.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People in their building can work together\Nbuild a moment, and fight in a way that they
Dialogue: 0,0:27:43.93,0:27:49.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can stop these companies from exploiting them\Nand kick them out of their homes.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:49.60,0:27:54.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hundreds of residents here in Parkdale are\Nheading into their second month refusing to
Dialogue: 0,0:27:54.36,0:27:57.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pay rent in protest of rent hikes
Dialogue: 0,0:27:57.21,0:28:02.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Build working class organizations that are\Nindependent from politicians, social service
Dialogue: 0,0:28:02.92,0:28:04.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,agencies, or non-profits.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:04.49,0:28:10.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can’t be beholden to anybody’s interests\Nother than our own.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:10.26,0:28:16.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s not going to be benevolent on the part\Nof landlords, or a change of heart on the
Dialogue: 0,0:28:16.19,0:28:27.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,part of policy makers that’s going to lead\Nto the types of changes that tenants need
Dialogue: 0,0:28:27.79,0:28:28.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to see.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:28.79,0:28:29.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have to create your daily life against\Nsystem.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:29.79,0:28:30.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have to organize your own ways with people\Nthat are not like the capitalist relationships.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:30.79,0:28:31.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have to create solidarity.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:31.79,0:28:32.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have to care about each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:32.79,0:28:33.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have to take the responsibility of each\Nother and you have to be organized, thinking
Dialogue: 0,0:28:33.79,0:28:41.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the needs of your community and the\Npeople in your community.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:41.94,0:28:52.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That comes with responsibility of constantly\Ntrying to bring visibility and attention and
Dialogue: 0,0:28:52.04,0:28:56.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,voice and power to the people who are actually\Naffected by the injustices.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:56.97,0:29:02.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fighting for ways that people can live affordably\Nin cities and build communities there, for
Dialogue: 0,0:29:02.55,0:29:06.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,social purposes rather than for capitalist\Naccumulation.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:06.08,0:29:12.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People tend to be much more satisfied to just\Ngripe about things as they exist, than to
Dialogue: 0,0:29:12.11,0:29:16.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually try to seek out and understand what\Nis fuelling the process and how they might
Dialogue: 0,0:29:16.92,0:29:19.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually go about trying to stop it.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:19.03,0:29:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Housing is allocated by the market, it’s\Nnot allocated according to social need.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:22.00,0:29:25.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, this is why you have these constant\Nand persistent problems that don’t seem
Dialogue: 0,0:29:25.75,0:29:26.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to go away.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:26.96,0:29:34.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don’t be trapped in the dead ends presented\Nto us by political and legal systems.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:34.03,0:29:37.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to find our own ways to creatively\Nstruggle in our own interests.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:37.69,0:29:54.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everyday with your every action, you have\Nto fight against, you have to create for your
Dialogue: 0,0:29:54.18,0:29:55.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,struggle.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:55.18,0:29:59.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Giving struggle against the strategies of\Nthe companies but also strategies of the state.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:59.50,0:30:05.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the state- it is an enemy that we have\Nto struggle.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:05.79,0:30:09.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not just urban development projects - every\Nfront.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:09.50,0:30:11.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, let the fire burn.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:11.35,0:30:14.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They ashes is good for cultivating the land.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:14.39,0:30:16.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You dig?
Dialogue: 0,0:30:16.22,0:30:23.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I’m just plant a lot of seed.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:23.56,0:30:27.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Grow something else up.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:27.23,0:30:31.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In our hyper-atomized and individualistic\Nsocieties, we have become incredibly isolated
Dialogue: 0,0:30:31.60,0:30:33.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and alienated from one another.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:33.66,0:30:38.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those of us living in multi-residential apartment\Nblocks can often go years without communicating
Dialogue: 0,0:30:38.05,0:30:41.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with our neighbours, beyond the occasional\Nsmall-chat when getting on the elevator.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:41.28,0:30:45.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're conditioned to keep our noses out of\Nother people's business, and to call the cops
Dialogue: 0,0:30:45.72,0:30:49.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we see someone loitering, or if the neighbours\Nplay their music too loud.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:49.70,0:30:54.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This divide and conquer strategy is intended\Nto keep us weak, and incapable of mounting
Dialogue: 0,0:30:54.72,0:30:55.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,collective resistance to shared hardships.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:55.91,0:31:01.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if we are to avoid the future that capitalists\Nhave in store for us, in which our cities
Dialogue: 0,0:31:01.04,0:31:02.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are even further transformed into geographically\Nsegregated and heavily militarized urban enclaves
Dialogue: 0,0:31:02.17,0:31:08.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of poverty and wealth, this is a mentality\Nwe must overcome.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:08.92,0:31:14.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So at this point, we’d like to remind you\Nthat Trouble is intended to be watched in
Dialogue: 0,0:31:14.67,0:31:18.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,groups, and to be used as a resource to promote\Ndiscussion and collective organizing.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:18.46,0:31:23.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are you interested in organizing your building,\Nor starting a collective to fight gentrification
Dialogue: 0,0:31:23.26,0:31:24.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in your neighbourhood?
Dialogue: 0,0:31:24.28,0:31:28.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Consider getting together with some comrades,\Norganizing a screening of this film, and discussing
Dialogue: 0,0:31:28.10,0:31:29.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where to get started.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:29.31,0:31:33.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Interested in running regular screenings of\NTrouble at your campus, infoshop, community
Dialogue: 0,0:31:33.18,0:31:35.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,center, or even just at home with friends?
Dialogue: 0,0:31:35.31,0:31:36.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Become a Trouble-Maker!
Dialogue: 0,0:31:36.31,0:31:40.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For 10 bucks a month, we’ll hook you up\Nwith an advanced copy of the show, and a screening
Dialogue: 0,0:31:40.09,0:31:43.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kit featuring additional resources and some\Nquestions you can use to get a discussion
Dialogue: 0,0:31:43.76,0:31:44.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,going.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:44.76,0:31:46.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you can’t afford to support us financially,\Nno worries!
Dialogue: 0,0:31:46.72,0:31:51.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can stream and/or download all our content\Nfor free off our website: sub.media/trouble.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:51.10,0:31:58.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you’ve got any suggestions for show topics,\Nor just want to get in touch, drop us a line
Dialogue: 0,0:31:58.14,0:31:59.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at trouble@sub.media.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:59.60,0:32:21.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stay tuned next month for our second installment\Nin this two-part series, as we take a look
Dialogue: 0,0:32:21.04,0:32:25.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at three more cities facing the onslaught\Nof gentrification, and how people there are
Dialogue: 0,0:32:25.79,0:32:27.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fighting back.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:27.69,0:32:49.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This episode would not have been possible\Nwithout the generous support of Fernando,
Dialogue: 0,0:32:49.41,0:32:51.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Miki.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:51.42,0:33:01.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now get out there, and make some trouble!