I'm obsessed with the question:
"What makes a good teacher great?"
I've collected 26,000 responses to this question,
in eight different schools,
from the poorest schools in Los Angeles,
to suburban schools in Texas, to elite private schools abroad.
And after 24 years of teaching students,
I'm still perplexed by this question.
Today, I'm going to teach you
the lessons I learned from those thousands of students,
and learn what I found out from them if we just listen to students.
The thing about it is
that during my time of asking kids this question,
I realized that we don't ask this question for a particular reason:
schools are afraid.
Based on fear, they don't really want to know what kids think.
Partially because they don't think kids will take it serious.
I'm going to share with you one of the most profound quotes,
answers to this question that I've ever received.
[A great teacher eats apples]
(Laughter)
Now, I know what you're thinking.
Doesn't this prove my point?
"Great teachers eat apples."
When I first saw this, I dismissed it as silliness,
but it appeared again and again.
So I thought,
"There's got to be something to this, but what are they trying to tell me?"
So one day, I decided I would start eating apples.
I ate them in the morning, at lunch, during class, in the hall.
Kids began to give me apples.
The'd see me eating them and say, "You're eating an apple!"
"I know!"
They would smile, and I would smile back.
It wasn't until I understood that kids wanted to see me
as somebody who is willing to receive a gift from them,
that the apple was a symbol for our relationship.
There was goodness in that, and trust.
But for a long time, I wasn't listening and I hadn't understood this.
[A great teacher is chill]
They have their own language.
When they say, "A great teacher is chill,"
what they really mean is: "Don't take it too serious.
Be calm in all situations. Don't get overwhelmed."
(Laughter)
They have a way of speaking to us about what they really want to tell us,
but we have to listen.
Right?
I'm the father of two grown kids.
They're out of school now and in college.
But when they were at home and they were teenagers,
I had to learn a whole new language.
When they would come home from school, I might ask them:
"How was your day?" and they would say, "Fine,"
which usually meant: "It was not bad. It was pretty good.
Nothing happened eventful.
I probably learned something. Maybe I didn't."
But if they came home and said, "Fine," what they meant was:
"It wasn't really great, but don't ask me, because you wouldn't understand anyways."
If I asked them how their day was and they said "OK,"
what they were trying to tell me was: "It wasn't good at at all,
and you should probably ask me more questions,
but don't expect me to answer."
(Laughter)
Kids have their own language; they have their own way of thinking.
They want us to think like them
and understand what's inside of their head.
They have so many ways of thinking that things are great.
They want us to see their world inside of them.
But they don't want us to act like them;
they want us to be calm and protect them and keep them safe.
Kids have a way of communicating,
and adults just haven't spent the time listening.
But what if we did?
What if we really listen deeply to students?
One of the things I noticed
after all the years of collecting these responses
is that there is patterns that emerge.
When I asked the question of what makes a good teacher great,
oftentimes I heard, "A great teacher loves to teach."
70 percent of the time, the quote or the answer that followed was:
"A great teacher loves to learn."
The reason this is significant is they don't see this happening.
They don't see teachers learning in front of them.
They see them teaching,
but they wish they would learn along with them.
Think about it.
Principals hire teachers to be content experts,
to have all of the knowledge, not to be learners.
But what if they did?
What if you showed up in the classroom, and the teacher had something prepared,
said, "I don't know exactly what we're going to do today,
but I can't wait to learn with you."
Or that they saw their teacher struggle
through something they didn't actually know
and then eventually discover the answer.
Kids want to be inspired by this idea that learning is important.
But they don't see it in schools.
[A great teacher isn't a teacher]
When I saw this quote: "A great teacher isn't a teacher,"
I actually was a little bit offended.
"What do you mean?! I'm a teacher!"
They're like, "We know."
What they were trying to tell me is:
a great teacher isn't in the classroom.
Think about it.
Think about a time that you have some enduring understanding,
a time when you learned something
that you still remember and you use to this day,
like throwing a baseball or riding a bike.
I remember learning to ride a bike from my mom
when I was five years old.
She took off the training wheels of my bike,
she got behind me, and began to push.
And we ran, and we ran,
until she finally let go, and I began to ride a bike.
That's what I did; that's how I learned to ride a bike.
I can still ride a bike to this day from that moment.
But can you imagine if I tried to learn to bike from my mom in a classroom,
what it would look like?
[Copy this Bike riding 101]
(Laughter)
"Son, first, you need to learn all the parts of a bike.
There's the pedals and the crank, and there's a chain that turns the wheel.
You have to have a significant force;
once the force has enough momentum, you can keep your balance.
That's how a bike works.
I want you to learn all the parts, be able to label them and draw them.
Then you're going to learn and write a research paper
about the history of bike riding.
(Laughter)
All the important elements, the adventure, the development of bikes.
And at the end of that, you're going to take a final examination.
If you pass and get an A, you can ride a bike.
(laughter)
At five years old, I think I would've said,
"Never mind, I'll just walk."
(Laughter)
This is exactly what we do to children.
We put them in a classroom and tell them,
"This is what I want you to learn. It's important. Do it."
And kids know that it's not true,
that we don't really value learning this way.
So no wonder they're disruptive, or bored, or disengaged.
Kids want us to be teachers that aren't teachers.
I want to tell you a story about Yvette.
"A great teacher understands that they have a life outside of school."
They really do.
They want us to know that their life in school
is way more different than the life outside of school.
I just thought, "Well, how hard is your life?
Your job is to do school; my job is to teach."
Yvette was a tough student,
She was feisty, and she had an infamous reputation.
She walked around with a jacket to prove it.
Whenever she walked around, the kids would follow.
She would come in and sit in the front row and lean
just so that she can have eye contact to intimidate me.
She would call me "mister" and not even use my full name.
When she'd get up to go to the bathroom, all the girls would follow.
Eventually, I learnt from Yvette what she needed to learn.
And I thought I became pretty good at what I was doing.
I noticed one day, she stopped turning in her homework.
She had become a great leader in the classroom:
she turned in her homework, she participated in class;
she actually was quite good.
So when this happened, I was surprised.
So I went up to her and said, "Yvette, I'm very disappointed in you."
She said, "I know mister; I'm sorry."
"I expect it turned in tomorrow."
Tomorrow came, and just a few sheets of unfinished work were turned in.
I also went up to her and said, "Yvette, this is disappointing."
She said, "I normally do my homework in the bathroom
because it's the quietest place in my house,
but this week the electricity was turned off, and it's dark in there.
I had a candle, but it burned out.
And I'm sorry."
She gazed down, not her prideful self.
I had missed the point.
I had not listened when she said, "I'm trying, mister."
I heard the words, but I didn't listen.
Great teachers notice when there's a struggle.
They don't make assumptions about what kids can and cannot do.
They wait and watch, and they rescue them when they're stuck.
Good teachers hear them, but they don't listen.
I'll never forget Yvette, and I'm grateful
because whenever I see an answer of a student like that,
I remember her, and I listen.
[A great teacher sings]
This was the most perplexing answer I think I ever received.
It happened every year for ten years; at least one student would put this.
"A great teacher sings."
What are they talking about?
I can't sing.
So I started thinking, "Wait a second. What do they mean?"
It wasn't until Danny turned it in as one of his responses.
He was the class clown.
You know he was the one that when we took the class picture,
he put ear fingers behind your head.
He would make faces at me during lectures
so I would laugh.
Everything was a joke to Danny.
So, when he turned in his responses,
and they were all serious and actually really good,
I was surprised when this showed up in the middle.
But I knew there was something to it; I just didn't know what.
So the next day, I put the agenda on the board,
listing all the activities of the day, the expectations, and the homework.
And instead of actually reading them, very seriously, I sang,
(Laughter)
in an operatic style, big as I could.
The eyes of the students were wide, their mouths dropped.
(Laughter)
But you know what happened at the end of that?
I expected pointing and laughing.
But the classroom erupted in cheers and applause.
There was a standing ovation.
I could not believe it.
At the end of class, they walked out, gave me high fives and handshakes,
and here came Danny.
He walked in, and he leaned in, and patted me on the shoulder, and said,
"I told you a great teacher sings."
(Laughter)
(Applause)
Great teachers make themselves humble before their students.
They take risks.
They put aside their fear to try.
They trust that they are going to be supported if they fail.
But they don't see this; they see experts, remember?
Content experts.
What if we hire teachers
not to be deep understanders of content, knowledge keepers,
but deep understanders of students?
How our schools would change and transform?
But it's no wonder students don't care or that teachers don't really listen.
Because they have never been taught.
But what if we did listen?
You see, we spend three years of a student's life,
teaching students to read.
About 12 years of those students' lives, teaching them to write.
Maybe if they're lucky, they get a semester or half a year
learning to public speak.
But they get virtual zero years of formal listening instruction.
Zero.
Think about it.
When was the last time you were at a dinner party,
and someone asked a question: "So what do you do for a living?"
and the response was, "Oh, I'm a listening teacher.
I teach advanced listening at the high school events,
listening communications, or beginning listener for elementary?"
We don't hear this.
Because we just don't believe that in schools it's important,
though in the world,
listening is one of the number one skills essential for business and life.
And we just don't teach it.
We need to listen to our students.
In our classrooms are the future.
The Maya Angelous, the Mother Theresas, the Elon Musks of the world.
And can you imagine
if we took the time to ask those students, "What would make a good teacher great?"
and then we actually listened,
we could transform schools and education.
Thank you.
(Applause)