[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.76,0:00:10.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In our earlier lecur, lectures we\Ntook a look at ideas about myth.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.12,0:00:13.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We traced back from antiquity all\Nthe way up to the present time as,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.78,0:00:17.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in terms of what people have thought\Nabout myth over vast stretches of time.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.81,0:00:20.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this lecture were going to\Nturn the clock backwards and
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.49,0:00:26.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,move from our present-day period into the,\Nthe times that are going
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.73,0:00:30.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be represented in the mythic stories\Nthat we are going to be turning to next.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.99,0:00:33.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A few time periods are important for\Nus to keep in mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.56,0:00:35.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, obviously is an important one.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.85,0:00:39.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's happening in the world today is\Ngoing to color and influence the way we
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.66,0:00:43.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,appropriate and read these myths and\Nwe want to pay some attention to that.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.21,0:00:44.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Roman times.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.36,0:00:48.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here I've picked out the 1st\Ncentury BCE as classical Rome,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.39,0:00:52.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so if you hear me referring to classical\NRome I mean Rome during that time period.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.71,0:00:55.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rome obviously had a lot of years before\Nand after during which they were top
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.92,0:00:59.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dog in the Mediterranean, but when I talk\Nabout classical Rome, I'm going to be
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.68,0:01:05.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,roughly referring to 1st century BCE, 1st\Ncentury CE, roughly in that time period.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.44,0:01:09.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Another important, moment for us,\Nis going to be classical Athens,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.51,0:01:12.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,5th century BCE, so when I say\Nclassical Athens, that's what I mean.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.96,0:01:17.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then when I say Homeric times,\NI'm referring to the 8th century BCE.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.34,0:01:21.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Homer wrote around 750,\Nas best we can tell, so
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.73,0:01:26.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we say 8th century as a general target for\Nwhat that date's all about.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.03,0:01:28.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Homer himself was writing\Nmany years after the fact,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.73,0:01:30.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as you can see from our graph here.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.48,0:01:35.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's actually writing nearly 500\Nyears after the topic he is covering
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.51,0:01:39.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Trojan War which in,\Naccording to the legendary materials,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.23,0:01:44.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,took place right around\Nin the 13th century BCE.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.94,0:01:49.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tracing back over these periods,\Nwe're going to be looking at Homer
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.72,0:01:54.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the first big chunk of this course,\Nfocusing on The Odyssey.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.57,0:01:56.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we get past that,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.58,0:02:01.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we'll move into some other epic poets\Nfrom early time periods including Hesiod.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.39,0:02:06.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll look at some Homeric hymns that\Nemerge during this Homeric period.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.84,0:02:08.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Moving on to classical Athens,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.07,0:02:10.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're going to look especially\Nat the Greek tragedies.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.57,0:02:14.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The tragedians remake stories that they\Nknew from Homer and earlier poets in,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.82,0:02:17.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in ways that are definitive for\Nlater time periods.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.56,0:02:18.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.31,0:02:22.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we move into the Romans we're\Ngoing to be looking at Virgil and Ovid.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.92,0:02:24.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The stories that we're going to see,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.82,0:02:30.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,populating this long arc of time have many\Nsimilarities but also many differences.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.82,0:02:33.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Classical Athens is not\Nthe same as Homeric Greece, and
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.72,0:02:36.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Homeric Greece is surely not\Nthe same as classical Rome.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.54,0:02:41.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we'll keep an eye on all of these\Nparticulars as, as, as needed.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.61,0:02:46.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Trojan War we go ahead and\Nsay took place in the 13th century BCE,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.93,0:02:51.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the reason we go ahead and say that\Nhas to do very much with this man.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.20,0:02:56.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Befo, if this course were being taught 150\Nyears ago, assuming there was an internet
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.54,0:02:59.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the professor at that time would say,\Nwell, the Trojan War is a legend.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.37,0:03:03.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't really have any evidence\Nthat it actually took place.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.22,0:03:04.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Heinrich Schliemann was\Ncurious about this.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.89,0:03:08.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His dates were 1822 to 1890.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.28,0:03:12.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He took a team over to the north\Ncoast of Turkey Asia Minor and
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.73,0:03:17.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,found that in the sites where there was\Nsupposed to be a great citadel of Troy,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.28,0:03:18.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he actually found that yes,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.34,0:03:24.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,indeed there were the ruins of\Na marvelous very wealthy city.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.12,0:03:28.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it looked like that\Ncity had been conquered
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.31,0:03:33.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over many times over\Nthe course of history.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.12,0:03:38.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there was a kind of great\Ncataclysmic conquest of this citadel
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.82,0:03:42.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that wa, took place right around\Nroughly corresponding to the time
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.78,0:03:46.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Greek legend said the whole,\Nthe, the Trojan War took place.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.75,0:03:52.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So after Schliemann, we know say that,\Nyou know there likely was
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.02,0:03:55.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a Trojan War about which Homer and\Nhis legends are being told.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.88,0:03:58.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now Schliemann never found\Nanything that said, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.30,0:04:03.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this shield belongs to Agamemnon or\Nhere lieth the sword of Achilles.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.80,0:04:07.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't have anything that got recovered\Nin the archeological evidence that
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.76,0:04:12.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,verifies any of the details, including\Ncharacters, personages, events, any of
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.68,0:04:17.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the details that are recorded in the\NHomeric legends and in later materials.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.09,0:04:20.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we can go ahead and\Nsay that there was a Trojan War.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.50,0:04:22.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Homer's version of it may or
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.41,0:04:27.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,may not correlate to any historical\Nevent that actually took place.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.47,0:04:32.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, diving into Homer's world is\Nsomething that we need to do with
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.22,0:04:35.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a bit of perhaps warning.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.89,0:04:38.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's, it's a dark world, and
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.57,0:04:44.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a world built on the coursing energy of\Nwar, the coursing negative energy of war.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.64,0:04:50.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a very stark place where things that\Nneed to be dealt with get dealt with,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.11,0:04:52.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes very abruptly and summarily,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.67,0:04:57.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and oftentimes with violent and\Nquick kinds of endings.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.00,0:04:59.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're talking about\Na place that's going to be
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.98,0:05:06.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where human the exhibition of human\Ntalents are typically taking place
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.41,0:05:09.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the field of one dimension\Nof human experience.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.52,0:05:11.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the field of conflict.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.91,0:05:16.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now all of us are going to think\Nabout the, the, the, whether,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.82,0:05:21.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was Homer's epic an anti-war epic or,\Nor a pro-war epic?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.52,0:05:24.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It actually doesn't answer to\Nany of those kind of categories.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.54,0:05:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Homer's epic I think\Nfloats above all of them.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.00,0:05:30.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead what he looks at is,\Nis a real human experience, that is,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.70,0:05:34.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the experience of armed conflict\Nbetween groups of our species that
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.86,0:05:37.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,decide to launch that kind of\Nthing against each other, and
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.42,0:05:40.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then tries to figure out what\Nis the human experience of this?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.10,0:05:42.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What does it mean for us in our humanity?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.59,0:05:46.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Looking at the Trojan War we're going to\Nmeet lots of people who are coursing
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.20,0:05:50.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around in the background of it especially\Nin our engagement with the Odyssey.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.91,0:05:51.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's important for
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.59,0:05:55.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,us to know some of these characters\Nthat emerge in Homer's Iliad.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.20,0:05:56.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is his account of the Trojan War.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.10,0:06:01.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Iliad is a poem about rage.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.30,0:06:02.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And thinking about rage,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.45,0:06:08.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's obviously fronted in this\Nepic that is about the war.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.42,0:06:12.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what's interesting is that Homer\Ntalks about rage of a specific kind.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.41,0:06:15.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is the rage of Achilles\Nthat he is most interested in.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.89,0:06:20.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Achilles, yes, is having war, as a Greek\Nis having war rage against his Trojan
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.41,0:06:25.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,foes, but the rage that really drives\Nthe epic is actually an inter-Greek one.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.75,0:06:28.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's Achilles versus Agamemnon.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.13,0:06:32.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Achilles and Agamemnon have\Nan argument that starts off The Iliad.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.58,0:06:36.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these two great Greek warriors,\NAgamemnon the older general and
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.03,0:06:40.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Achilles the younger,\Nextremely talented warrior have words.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.95,0:06:43.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can't quite settle them\Nin the appropriate way.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.71,0:06:49.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Agamemnon's leadership is not up\Nto snuff to handle this situation.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.53,0:06:54.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so he loses, Agamemnon loses\Nhis greatest warrior because he
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.51,0:06:58.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,decides to go ahead and insult\NAchilles in front of all of his peers.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.89,0:07:02.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when that happens,\NAchilles decides to withdraw.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.60,0:07:05.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Achilles sits out most of the action\Nof the epic in his tent, and
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.68,0:07:10.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when he does he wishes death\Nupon his own Greek comrades.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.59,0:07:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His rage is a rage that is so bitter and\Nso awful, he now hates Agamemnon,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.00,0:07:23.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,his own Greek leader, and so\Nwishes that all of his compad,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.43,0:07:28.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,compatriots should pay the price\Nof Agamemnon's stupidity.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.15,0:07:31.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His rage then is directed\Nagainst one of his own.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.03,0:07:35.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the business end of\Nthat rage gets worked out
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.57,0:07:39.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on all of the Greek warriors as they\Nsuffer under the onslaught of the Trojans.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.99,0:07:44.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We see great characters in this fighting.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.33,0:07:47.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, Achilles is in his tent,\Nbut in his place arise other
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.99,0:07:51.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,great Greek warriors to take the place\Nof top dog among, among the fighters.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.93,0:07:56.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have people whose names are Ajax,\NDiomedes on the Greek side.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.80,0:08:00.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're going to meet another of these\Nfigures called Odysseus pretty soon.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.33,0:08:06.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the Trojan side, the princes and kings\Nthat marshal the forces there are led by
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.13,0:08:11.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,King Priam with his sons Hector and\NParis as the leaders of the other side.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.70,0:08:15.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The war is dark, it's nasty,\Ndeath on every page,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.48,0:08:19.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's also unbelievably\Na beautiful piece of epic poetry.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.82,0:08:27.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we close out this story Achilles\Ndoes finally put away his rage.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.63,0:08:32.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He can't quite bring himself to make\Nup with the old, old man in his life,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.68,0:08:34.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the authoritative Greek figure.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.96,0:08:37.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He never does quite\Nreconcile with Agamemnon and
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.82,0:08:41.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the awful things that Agamemnon had\Ndone to him to publicly humiliate him.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.90,0:08:45.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But instead there's a moment that\NAchilles gets at the end of the epic
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.13,0:08:49.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to reconcile himself in a certain\Nway and put away some of his rage.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.30,0:08:54.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when he does,\Nit is not with his superior Agamemnon.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.04,0:08:59.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead, and strangely,\NAchilles has a moment
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.16,0:09:05.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to express other dimensions\Nof his humanity than his
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.09,0:09:11.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,warp spasm war rage with\Nthe greatest of the Trojans.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.06,0:09:13.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Priam has a moment with Achilles
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.79,0:09:18.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where he has a chance to ransom back\Nthe body of his beloved son Hector,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.24,0:09:22.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whom Achilles has treated with all\Nthe vengeance of his war rage.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.74,0:09:28.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Priam comes over to Achilles's tent,\Nkisses the hands that killed his own son,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.76,0:09:33.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and begs Achilles to show some mercy.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.64,0:09:38.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Achilles decides that there's his, his\Nown Greeks, and particularly Agamemnon,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.64,0:09:40.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not worthy of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.54,0:09:43.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But Priam, the Trojan general,\NTrojan king,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.72,0:09:46.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually happens to be\Nworthy of Achilles's mercy.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.58,0:09:52.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So he does relent with the kiss of\Nthe hands gives back the body and
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.34,0:09:59.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Priam can bury Hector, and so ends\Nthe Trojan War according to Homer's Iliad.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.54,0:10:03.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now you'll see here that it seems\Nlike I've glossed over some things.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.15,0:10:06.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You might say to yourself, well,\Nwhat happened to the Trojan horse?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.41,0:10:11.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's stories that we have about\NOdysseus and his involvement in the war.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.57,0:10:14.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's other kinds of\Nstratagems that come in.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.42,0:10:17.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a ten-year war and we've only\Ntalked about one little part of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.60,0:10:23.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, it's true Homer's Iliad focuses\Non only a very short period of time.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.37,0:10:27.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of the epic has to do with just three\Ndays of action out on the battlefield.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.52,0:10:31.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it does not talk about a synoptic\Noverview of the whole Trojan War.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.62,0:10:37.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead, that filling in of the story\Ncomes from other epic poets
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.58,0:10:44.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around Homer who dig into this story and\Nstart to tell the further pieces of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.16,0:10:46.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in fact there's a back story.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.28,0:10:48.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're going to find in myth\Nthere's always a back story.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.70,0:10:51.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you want to use the language of\Ncontemporary cinema, we're talking about,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.53,0:10:56.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know, prequels that, that show up\Nafter the kind of main one appears.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.80,0:11:00.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And may have already been, there have been\Nversions of prequels that were floating
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.74,0:11:05.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around before Homer, but much of\Nthe legend that we know starts to fill
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.78,0:11:10.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the blanks after a great poet like\NHomer makes his or her statement.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.11,0:11:14.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then the others come in round and fill in\Nall the details that need to be filled in.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.71,0:11:18.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, how in the world\Ndid this whole Trojan War start?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:18.28,0:11:21.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, we wind up with a,\Na legend that actually predates Homer.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.11,0:11:24.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It gets encoded in his epic, but\Nit's not one that he concentrates on.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.82,0:11:26.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is this figure, Paris.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.29,0:11:31.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You'll know him from the previous slide\Nas a prince and a, a son of Priam.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.47,0:11:34.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's also a little bit\Nof an embarrassment.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.05,0:11:35.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's not such a great warrior.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.93,0:11:40.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's more of a master of the arts of\Nlove than he is of the arts of war.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.14,0:11:43.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in fact, he goes over and decides\Nthat it would be the right thing for
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.43,0:11:47.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,him to do to steal the wife of Menelaus.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.20,0:11:49.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The wife of Menelaus\Njust happens to be Helen,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.35,0:11:51.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who's the most beautiful\Nwoman in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.61,0:11:55.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when he does that, he upsets the\Ngreatest of the Greek generals, Agamemnon,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.70,0:11:58.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who just so\Nhappens to be the brother of Menelaus.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.92,0:12:03.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When Paris kidnaps Helen and\Ntakes her back to Troy, well,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.38,0:12:04.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's the end of things.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.89,0:12:07.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Off we go into the Trojan War.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.08,0:12:12.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The shame that is visited on Menelaus is\Nvisited by proxy on his brother Agamemnon,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.74,0:12:15.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Agamemnon at that time\Ncalls in all of his chits.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.56,0:12:20.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's the most powerful of the Greek kings\Nof the day, pulls in all of his chits and
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.60,0:12:24.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,says to all of his local fellow\Nleaders that it's time for
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.61,0:12:27.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,us to go clobber those Trojans.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.17,0:12:27.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And off they go.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.37,0:12:31.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Helen, in case you may\Nwell have heard this,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.19,0:12:33.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is indeed the face that\Nlaunched a thousand ships.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.86,0:12:38.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A medieval rendering of what one of\Nthese ships might have looked like.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.31,0:12:38.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pretty good actually.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.99,0:12:43.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've got archeological evidence that\Nconfirms what a Greek war ship looks like,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.07,0:12:44.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's not so bad.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.32,0:12:48.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so Helen is the face that\Nlaunches a thousand ships.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.28,0:12:53.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the legend that's the number of ships\Nthat are needed to contain the grandeur,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.86,0:12:56.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the hugeness of Agamemnon's army.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.24,0:12:59.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks to parts of The Iliad, the detail,\Nall of the people that are involved,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.56,0:13:01.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the famous catalogue\Nof ships of The Iliad,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.84,0:13:06.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can count up roughly the number of\Npeople involved and it's about 100,000.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.86,0:13:10.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Homer's claim is that an army of\N100,000 leaves the shores of Greece and
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.65,0:13:14.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,goes over to Troy to do\Nthe dirty work over there.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.25,0:13:18.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now some people then walk into\Nthe picture, those interested in myth, and
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.44,0:13:19.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,say, well, wait a minute!
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.21,0:13:21.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There must be a back story to this one.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.26,0:13:26.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How is it that Menelaus lost his\Nbride Helen to this guy Paris?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.83,0:13:28.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why did Paris think it\Nwas okay to go over and
Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.71,0:13:33.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,steal the wife of the brother\Nof the greatest of the Greeks?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.09,0:13:37.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, a story starts to percolate in\Nto fill in that kind of question and
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.37,0:13:41.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have a story about\Nthe Apple of Discord.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.14,0:13:42.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of you all will have heard this.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.76,0:13:46.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see here in a, a lovely painting\Ngiving us the whole background.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.41,0:13:48.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Peleus and Thetis have a wedding.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.98,0:13:56.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Peleus is a great mortal a well-known and\Nprominent man.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.80,0:14:00.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He actually gets to have\Na wedding to a goddess, Thetis.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.56,0:14:02.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the two of them get together,\NPeleus and
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.43,0:14:07.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thetis and when they do, they have\Na party and they invite everybody.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.47,0:14:10.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is one of those times when gods and\Nhumans could actually live face to face,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:10.58,0:14:11.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so the gods came,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.95,0:14:16.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the humans came, and they all had a great\Nparty together in this very early time.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.45,0:14:20.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Peleus and Thetis,\Nall are invited except this goddess, Eris.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.77,0:14:26.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who is the god of discord,\Nwho is upset about not being invited.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.61,0:14:31.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She is not allowed to come, so she decides\Nto take an apple and inscribe on it
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.12,0:14:35.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a single Greek word that translates\Ninto the English for the fairest.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.35,0:14:38.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tosses it into the middle\Nof the wedding and Athena,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.37,0:14:42.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hera and Aphrodite instantly\Nthink the apple must be for them.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.38,0:14:43.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They start to argue.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.61,0:14:46.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They look around and say, here is a human.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.99,0:14:49.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's make him solve the dilemma for us.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.69,0:14:50.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Paris agrees.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.99,0:14:52.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, not a very smart thing to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:52.33,0:14:55.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A more clever man would have probably\Nput off that judgment on someone else.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.91,0:15:00.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Paris makes his judgment,\Nhis famous judgment, saying that well,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.75,0:15:04.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looking at the three of you,\Nyes, you're all beautiful.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.01,0:15:06.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hera, you have offered me\Ngreat power across the earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.79,0:15:08.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Athena, you've offered me infinite wisdom.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.98,0:15:13.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Aphrodite, though, you've offered me\Nthe most beautiful woman in the world, and
Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.29,0:15:17.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to make you now the winner\Nof this apple, and you need to
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.08,0:15:20.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,give me my prize, which is going to be\Nthe most beautiful woman in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:20.47,0:15:24.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So at that point,\NParis thinks Helen's all mine.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.53,0:15:27.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Off he goes in starting\Nthis whole thing off.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:27.20,0:15:29.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the whole Trojan War,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.99,0:15:35.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the grandeur of this magnificent event\Nall boils down to an affair of the heart.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:35.56,0:15:38.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A small thing that
Dialogue: 0,0:15:38.76,0:15:42.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can imagine the heartstrings\Nbeing plucked of one human being.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:42.33,0:15:47.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the passion that moves\Nthis whole grandeur that
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.42,0:15:52.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,winds up being exhibited in war\Nrage that really is definitive
Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.60,0:15:57.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of what the Greek experience is\Ngoing to be of their mythic past.