[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.64,0:00:03.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What causes, say, heroin addiction?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.51,0:00:05.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a really stupid question, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.99,0:00:07.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s obvious; we all know it;
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.45,0:00:09.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,heroin causes heroin addiction.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.22,0:00:11.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here’s how it works:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.47,0:00:15.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you use heroin for 20 days, by day 21,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.30,0:00:17.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your body would physically\Ncrave the drug ferociously
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.90,0:00:19.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because there are\Nchemical hooks in the drug.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.45,0:00:21.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That’s what addiction means.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.42,0:00:24.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there’s a catch.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.70,0:00:28.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Almost everything we think\Nwe know about addiction is wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.13,0:00:38.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you, for example, break your hip,\Nyou’ll be taken to a hospital
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.52,0:00:42.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you’ll be given loads of diamorphine\Nfor weeks or even months.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.48,0:00:44.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Diamorphine is heroin.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.90,0:00:48.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s, in fact, much stronger heroin than\Nany addict can get on the street
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.32,0:00:51.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it’s not contaminated by all\Nthe stuff drug dealers dilute it with.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.58,0:00:54.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are people near you being given
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.20,0:00:56.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,loads of deluxe heroin\Nin hospitals right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.50,0:00:59.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So at least some of them\Nshould become addicts?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.27,0:01:03.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this has been closely\Nstudied; it doesn’t happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.90,0:01:07.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your grandmother wasn’t turned into\Na junkie by her hip replacement.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.83,0:01:08.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why is that?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.39,0:01:12.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our current theory of addiction comes in\Npart from a series of experiments
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.72,0:01:15.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were carried out earlier\Nin the 20th century.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.58,0:01:16.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The experiment is simple:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.77,0:01:20.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you take a rat and put it in a\Ncage with two water bottles.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.81,0:01:24.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One is just water, the other is water\Nlaced with heroin or cocaine.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.13,0:01:27.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Almost every time you run this experiment,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.13,0:01:29.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the rat will become obsessed\Nwith the drugged water
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.51,0:01:33.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and keep coming back for\Nmore and more, until it kills itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.80,0:01:37.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in the 1970s, Bruce Alexander,\Na professor of psychology,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.57,0:01:39.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,noticed something odd\Nabout this experiment:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.95,0:01:42.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the rat is put in the cage all alone.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.96,0:01:44.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has nothing to do but take the drugs.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.54,0:01:48.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What would happen, he wondered,\Nif we tried this differently?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.32,0:01:53.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So he built Rat Park, which is\Nbasically heaven for rats;
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.07,0:01:57.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it’s a lush cage where the rats would have\Ncolored balls, tunnels to scamper down,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.02,0:02:00.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,plenty of friends to play with,\Nand they could have loads of sex—
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.14,0:02:02.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everything a rat about town could want.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.78,0:02:05.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they would have the drugged water\Nand the normal water bottles.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.43,0:02:08.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But here’s the fascinating thing:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.27,0:02:11.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Rat Park, rats hardly\Never use the drugged water;
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.78,0:02:15.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,none of them ever use it compulsively;\Nnone of them ever overdose.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.55,0:02:18.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But maybe this is a quirk of rats, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.16,0:02:22.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, helpfully, there was a human\Nexperiment along the same lines:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.52,0:02:23.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Vietnam War.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.28,0:02:27.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,20% of American troops in Vietnam\Nwere using a lot of heroin.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.23,0:02:29.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People back home were really panicked,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.86,0:02:32.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they thought there would be\Nhundreds of thousands of junkies
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.56,0:02:35.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the streets of the United States\Nwhen the war was over.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.63,0:02:39.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But a study followed the soliders home\Nand found something striking:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.23,0:02:42.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they didn’t go to rehab; they didn’t\Neven go into withdrawal;
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.60,0:02:45.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,95% of them just stopped\Nafter they got home.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.95,0:02:49.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you believe the old theory of\Naddiction, that makes no sense.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.56,0:02:53.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you believe Prof. Alexander’s\Ntheory, it makes perfect sense,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.10,0:02:56.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because if you’re put into a horrific\Njungle in a foreign country
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.30,0:03:00.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where you don’t want to be, and you could\Nbe forced to kill or die at any moment,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.03,0:03:02.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doing heroin is a great way\Nto spend your time;
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.75,0:03:06.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but if you go back to your nice\Nhome with your friends and your family,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.06,0:03:08.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it’s the equivalent of being\Ntaken out of that first cage
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.95,0:03:10.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and put into a human Rat Park;
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.56,0:03:13.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it’s not the chemicals, it’s your cage.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.54,0:03:16.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to think about\Naddiction differently.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.20,0:03:20.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Human beings have an innate\Nneed to bond and connect.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.42,0:03:23.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we are happy and healthy, we will\Nbond with the people around us.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.00,0:03:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when we can’t,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.00,0:03:28.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we’re traumatized, isolated,\Nor beaten down by life,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.27,0:03:31.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will bond with something\Nthat gives us some sense of relief.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.78,0:03:34.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It might be endlessly\Nchecking a smartphone;
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.03,0:03:39.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it might be pornography, video games,\Nreddit, gambling, or it might be cocaine.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.24,0:03:43.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we will bond with something,\Nbecause that is our human nature.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.42,0:03:47.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The path out of unhealthy\Nbonds is to form healthy bonds,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.98,0:03:50.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be connected to people\Nyou want to be present with.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.26,0:03:54.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Addiction is just one symptom of\Nthe crisis of disconnection
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.42,0:03:55.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that’s happening all around us.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.97,0:03:56.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We all feel it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.26,0:04:01.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since the 1950s, the average number of\Nclose friends an American has
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.08,0:04:02.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been steadily declining.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.88,0:04:05.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the same time, the amount of\Nfloor space in their homes
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.84,0:04:07.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been steadily increasing.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.75,0:04:11.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To choose floor space over friends,\Nto choose stuff over connection.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.58,0:04:15.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The War on Drugs we’ve been\Nfighting for almost a century now
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.34,0:04:16.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has made everything worse.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.40,0:04:20.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instead of helping people heal\Nand getting their life together,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.27,0:04:22.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have cast them out from society,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.52,0:04:25.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have made it harder for them\Nto get jobs and become stable,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.66,0:04:29.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we take benefits and support away from\Nthem if we catch them with drugs,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.17,0:04:32.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we throw them in prison cells,\Nwhich are literally cages,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.60,0:04:34.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we put people who are not well
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.77,0:04:39.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a situation which makes them feel worse\Nand hate them for not recovering.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.44,0:04:43.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For too long, we’ve talked only about\Nindividual recovery from addiction.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.86,0:04:46.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we need now to\Ntalk about social recovery.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.46,0:04:48.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because something has gone\Nwrong with us as a group.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.10,0:04:52.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to build a society that\Nlooks a lot more like Rat Park
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.58,0:04:55.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a lot less like those isolated cages.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.79,0:04:58.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are going to have to change\Nthe unnatural way we live
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.85,0:05:00.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and rediscover each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.18,0:05:06.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The opposite of addiction is not sobriety;\Nthe opposite of addiction is connection.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.81,0:05:13.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This video is a collaboration\Nwith Johann Hari,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.15,0:05:14.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the author of the book
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.11,0:05:17.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“Chasing the Scream: The First and Last\NDays of the War on Drugs”.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.45,0:05:21.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was very kind to work with us\Non this video to spread the word.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.84,0:05:23.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We recommend that you give the book a try.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.65,0:05:27.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our videos are made thanks\Nto your support on Patreon.com.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.94,0:05:31.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you want to help us make more of them,\Nwe really appreciate your support.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.62,0:05:35.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We made an interactive version of this\Nvideo together with some friends.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.57,0:05:37.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,See the link in the description.