[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.20,0:00:01.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hi, I’m John Green.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.60,0:00:03.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is Crash Course World History
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.05,0:00:05.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and today you AREN’T going to get a blow\Nby blow
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.26,0:00:06.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,chronology of the American Revolution,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.88,0:00:10.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you AREN’T going to get\Ncool biographical details about
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.47,0:00:13.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thomas Jefferson or George Washington.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.51,0:00:16.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you are going to get me\Nnot wearing any pants.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.76,0:00:17.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mr. Green, Mr. Green!
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.80,0:00:18.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Did you know that
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.14,0:00:21.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,George Washington might have had\Nslave teeth implanted into his jaw?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.32,0:00:22.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah, I did Me from the Past,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.38,0:00:25.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and while it’s fun to focus on\Nmetaphorically resonant details,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.78,0:00:29.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what we’re concerned with here is\Nwhy the American Revolution happened
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.12,0:00:32.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the extent to which it\Nwas actually revolutionary.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.04,0:00:33.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Plus,\Nfor the first time in Crash Course history,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.45,0:00:36.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have a legitimate chance of\Ngetting through an entire episode
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.41,0:00:39.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without butchering a single pronunciation.\N[Wouldn't bet your Sword of Destiny on that]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.65,0:00:39.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unfortunately,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.78,0:00:41.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,next week we will be in France and
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.18,0:00:43.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,je parle francais comme une idiot.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.68,0:00:44.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Intro music]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.85,0:00:46.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[intro music]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.02,0:00:47.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[intro music]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.19,0:00:48.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[intro music]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.36,0:00:49.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[intro music]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.53,0:00:50.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[intro music]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.70,0:00:51.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[intro music]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.87,0:00:53.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, intellectual historians might put the\Nroots
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.88,0:00:55.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the American revolution earlier,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.29,0:00:58.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I’m going to start with the end\Nof the 7 Years War in 1763,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.99,0:01:00.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which as you will recall from last week was
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.97,0:01:02.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1. Expensive,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.64,0:01:04.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and 2. A victory for the British,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.57,0:01:09.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including British subjects living in America,\Nwho now had more land and therefore more money.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.65,0:01:10.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right, so,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.34,0:01:12.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in 1765 the British government was like,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.22,0:01:15.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“Hey, since we went into this debt\Nto get you all this new land,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.17,0:01:18.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we trust that you won’t mind if\Nwe pass the Stamp Act,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.25,0:01:22.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which we place a fancy stamp on your\Ndocuments, newspapers, playing cards, etc.,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.27,0:01:24.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in return, you give us money.”
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.01,0:01:24.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.17,0:01:26.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it turns out the colonists weren’t so\Nkeen on this,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.62,0:01:28.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not so much because the tax was high
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.22,0:01:30.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but because they had no direct representation
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.44,0:01:32.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the parliament that had levied the tax.\N[Some things never change, eh, Washington
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.60,0:01:32.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,D.C?]
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.67,0:01:32.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And plus,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.94,0:01:36.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were cranky about the Crown keeping\Nlarge numbers of British troops in the colonies
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.16,0:01:38.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even after the end of the 7 Years War.\N[Not going to touch that one…]
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.05,0:01:39.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then the British government was like,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.22,0:01:40.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“You are inadequately grateful,”
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.90,0:01:41.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the colonists were like,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.96,0:01:43.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“Shut up we hate you,”\N[That old chestnut]
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.13,0:01:44.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the British government was like,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.23,0:01:46.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“As long as you live under our roof,\N[This old chestnut]
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.09,0:01:47.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you live by our rules,”
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.50,0:01:48.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so on,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.33,0:01:50.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but eventually the British backed down\Nand repealed the Stamp Act.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.95,0:01:53.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The repeal inspired a line of\Ncommemorative teapots,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.64,0:01:55.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thereby beginning America’s storied tradition
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.60,0:01:57.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of worthless collectible ceramics.\N[atleast Beanie Babies double as cornhole
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.39,0:01:57.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bags]
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.47,0:01:58.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, in the end,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.02,0:02:01.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this only emboldened the colonists when the\NBritish tried to put new taxes on the Americans
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.93,0:02:03.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the form of the Townshend acts.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.96,0:02:06.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These led to further protests and boycotts\Nand most importantly,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.55,0:02:08.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more organization among the colonists.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.70,0:02:11.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The protests escalated:\N1770 saw the Boston Massacre,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.95,0:02:14.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which with its sum total of\Nfive dead was perhaps
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.24,0:02:16.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the least massacrey massacre of all time,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.74,0:02:17.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in 1773,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.62,0:02:21.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a bunch of colonists dumped about a million\Ndollars worth of tea into Boston Harbor,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.40,0:02:23.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in protest of British government decisions\Nthat
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.52,0:02:25.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually would have made British tea cheaper.\N[some things seriously never change…]
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.39,0:02:26.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh it’s time for the open letter?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.92,0:02:30.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[oh no! he's coming in hot!]\NAh…..oh,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.69,0:02:31.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that did not go well.\N[admittedly not your best work, John.]
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.77,0:02:32.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An Open Letter to Tea.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.87,0:02:35.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But first, let’s see what’s\Nin the secret compartment today.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.54,0:02:36.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.11,0:02:39.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it’s a gigantic teabag.\N[not touching that either]
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.64,0:02:41.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hm.\NLet’s see what flavor it is...
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.43,0:02:42.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Bitter tyranny variety!\N[SleepyTime sure ain't gonna keep the fires
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.82,0:02:42.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of rage a'burning]
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.88,0:02:43.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dear Tea,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.46,0:02:45.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like all Americans who love\Njustice and freedom,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.61,0:02:46.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I hate you.\N[You're harshing my Mint Magic mellow, Bro]
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.57,0:02:48.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I understand you’re quite popular in\Nthe UK
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.24,0:02:50.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the East India Company would\Nperiodically go to war for you.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.85,0:02:50.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.99,0:02:52.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what fascinates me about you, tea,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.20,0:02:54.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, aside from the fact that people\Nchoose to drink you when
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.52,0:02:56.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are great American refreshments available,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.36,0:02:57.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like Mountain Dew,\N[Hey, like on Mad Men!]
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.55,0:02:59.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that even though you’re\Nstereotypically English,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.27,0:03:00.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you’re not English.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.26,0:03:00.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s Chinese,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.92,0:03:01.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or Burmese,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.58,0:03:02.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or Indian.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.24,0:03:02.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No one really knows,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.84,0:03:04.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it’s definitely not English.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.28,0:03:08.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You didn’t even have tea until,\Nlike, the 1660s.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.55,0:03:09.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Posers.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.25,0:03:10.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Best wishes,\NJohn Green
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.53,0:03:10.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.66,0:03:12.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Boston Tea Party led\Nto further British crackdowns
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.75,0:03:14.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then mobilization of colonial militias
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.84,0:03:15.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then Paul Revere
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.89,0:03:18.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then actual war, but you can hear all\Nabout
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.39,0:03:19.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that stuff on, like,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.22,0:03:19.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,TV miniseries.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.83,0:03:23.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to focus on one of the ways that\Ncolonists protested unfair taxation.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.08,0:03:24.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let’s go to the Thought Bubble.\N[Because Canadians are so unruly & disagreeable?]
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.97,0:03:25.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As previously noted,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.68,0:03:30.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the English Crown benefited tremendously from\Nthe import of consumer goods to the American
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.28,0:03:30.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,colonies,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.54,0:03:35.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and one of the most effective ways American\Ncolonists could protest taxation without representation
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.66,0:03:37.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was by boycotting British products.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.60,0:03:38.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In order to enforce these boycotts,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.94,0:03:43.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the protesters created Committees of Correspondence,\Nwhich spread information about who was and
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.42,0:03:44.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was not observing the boycotts.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.95,0:03:49.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these committees also could coerce non-compliers\Ninto compliance—which is to say that they
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.09,0:03:51.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were creating and enforcing policy,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.37,0:03:53.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kind of like a government does.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.44,0:03:55.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Maryland Committee of Correspondence,\Nin fact,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.25,0:03:59.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was instrumental in setting up the first Continental\NCongress, which convened to coordinate a response
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.58,0:04:01.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the fighting that started in 1775.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.65,0:04:04.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was back when congresses did things,\Nby the way.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.44,0:04:06.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was awesome.\N[Like the weaponizing of the filibuster]
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.06,0:04:06.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anyway,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.06,0:04:08.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Continental Congress is most famous for\Ndrafting and approving
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.62,0:04:09.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Declaration of Independence.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.67,0:04:10.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No,\NThought Bubble.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.60,0:04:12.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That’s the Will Smith vehicle\NIndependence Day.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.89,0:04:14.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean the Declaration of Independence.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.91,0:04:15.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.56,0:04:15.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that one.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.100,0:04:16.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s not your fault,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.93,0:04:18.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you guys are Canadian.\N[+ magnificently talented, ruly, agreeable]
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.13,0:04:19.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You’ve never declared independence.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.83,0:04:20.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[faceplant]
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.15,0:04:20.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Worth noting, by the way,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.92,0:04:25.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the congress edited out more than a\Nquarter of Jefferson’s original declaration,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.22,0:04:25.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.26,0:04:28.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he forever after insisted they’d “mangled”\Nit.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.33,0:04:28.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anyway,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.89,0:04:31.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would argue the heavy lifting of\Nthe American Revolution
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.18,0:04:32.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was already done by the Declaration.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.81,0:04:33.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In truth,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.81,0:04:35.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the time the shooting started,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.28,0:04:39.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most of the colonists were already self-governing\Nand had developed a sense of themselves as
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.47,0:04:41.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something separate and different from Great\NBritain—
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.98,0:04:43.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as evidenced by these\N"Committees of Correspondence,"
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.94,0:04:45.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which functioned as shadow governments—
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.52,0:04:47.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eventually reaching out to foreign governments,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.27,0:04:49.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,establishing an espionage network,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.27,0:04:52.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tarring and feathering loyalists\Nand royal officials which,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.43,0:04:54.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the way is incredibly painful\Nand dangerous to the victim,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.69,0:04:58.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even recruiting physicians to\Ntell American men that drinking British tea
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.97,0:05:01.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would make them weak and effeminate.\N[If only they had Dr. Pepper 10]
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.86,0:05:02.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks, Thought Bubble.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.20,0:05:02.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now,\Ndespite all this,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.78,0:05:06.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about 20% of colonists remained loyal\Nto Great Britain throughout the war,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.13,0:05:08.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially in the major cities\Nthat Britain occupied.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.43,0:05:10.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also lots slaves continued to\Nsupport the British,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.79,0:05:14.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially after Britain promised that any\Nslaves who fought with them would be freed.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.33,0:05:15.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it’s worth noting
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.11,0:05:16.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that while we generally celebrate the Revolution
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.88,0:05:19.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and see it as a step\Ntoward justice and equality,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.44,0:05:23.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the people who most needed the protection\Nof a government might have been better off
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.29,0:05:24.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and more free,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.88,0:05:25.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if Britain had won.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.87,0:05:26.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[whoops]
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.05,0:05:28.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Especially since Britain ended slavery\Nwell before America did,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.90,0:05:29.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.42,0:05:30.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without a civil war.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.41,0:05:33.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also, even though most Americans had come\Nto see themselves as separate from Britain
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.26,0:05:35.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before 1776,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.13,0:05:36.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the British certainly didn’t see it that\Nway.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.93,0:05:40.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They continued to fight\Neither until 1781 or 1783,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.56,0:05:42.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,depending on whether you calculate\Nby when they actually gave up
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.88,0:05:44.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or when the peace treaty was signed.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.26,0:05:47.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you can’t really say the American Revolution\Nwas won before the fighting even started.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.87,0:05:51.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the truth is, the American Revolution\Nand the war for independence
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.31,0:05:53.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,weren’t like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.12,0:05:54.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.01,0:05:54.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.60,0:05:57.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here’s what was pretty revolutionary\Nabout the American Revolution:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.79,0:06:01.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The colonists threw off the rule of an imperial\Nmonarchy and replaced it with a government
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.16,0:06:02.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that didn’t have a king,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.44,0:06:07.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a radical idea in a world that didn’t feature\Nmany non-monarchical forms of government.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.16,0:06:07.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.46,0:06:09.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you look at the explanations\Nfor the revolution,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.34,0:06:10.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially those contained in,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.10,0:06:12.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like, the Declaration of Independence\Nand in pamphlets,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.08,0:06:13.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like Thomas Paine’s Common Sense,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.62,0:06:17.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there’s definitely a revolutionary zeal\Nthat’s informed by the Enlightenment.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.52,0:06:20.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that’s especially true if you focus\Non the idea of liberty,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.09,0:06:21.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as many of the pamphleteers did.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.59,0:06:21.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That said,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.89,0:06:24.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you look at the actual\Noutcome of the revolution,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.42,0:06:26.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,aside from the whole no king thing,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.38,0:06:27.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it wasn’t that revolutionary.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.62,0:06:30.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let’s look, for instance,\Nat two ideas central to the revolution:
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.97,0:06:32.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,property rights and equality.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.59,0:06:35.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the Articles of Confederation\Ngave the government no power to tax,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.61,0:06:39.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which had the effect of making sure that people\Nwho had property were able to keep it
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.54,0:06:42.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they never had to pay the\Ngovernment anything in exchange for
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.63,0:06:44.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the right to own and use it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.22,0:06:47.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that’s very different from\Ntaxation systems dating all the way back to,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.32,0:06:49.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like,\NMesopotamia and Ancient Egypt.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.24,0:06:53.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it’s probably not a coincidence that\Nmost of the writers and signers of the Declaration
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.10,0:06:55.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of Independence were men of property,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.35,0:06:57.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they wanted to keep it that way.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.62,0:06:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, basically,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.00,0:07:01.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the white guys who controlled the land and\Nits production before the American Revolution
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.60,0:07:04.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were the same white guys who controlled it\Nafter the American Revolution.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.89,0:07:08.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this leads us to the second, and more\Nimportant way that as a revolution,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.31,0:07:10.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the American one falls a bit short.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.08,0:07:11.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, if you’ve ever studied American history,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.73,0:07:14.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you’re probably familiar with the greatest\Nline in the Declaration of Independence:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.99,0:07:20.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“We hold these truths to be self-evident,\Nthat all men are created equal.”
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.63,0:07:21.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sorry, ladies.\N[some things never brickabracking change!]
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.81,0:07:21.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.97,0:07:24.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you also may know that at the time\Nthose words were written,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.25,0:07:28.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a large segment of the American population,\Nperhaps as much as 30%,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.80,0:07:33.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were slaves of African descent who were held\Nas property and were definitely,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.83,0:07:37.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,100% not treated as equal to whites.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.05,0:07:40.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact,\Nthe guy who wrote those words held slaves,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.14,0:07:44.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and was fighting against a government who\Npromised to free any slaves who supported
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.41,0:07:44.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.72,0:07:45.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Furthermore,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.02,0:07:45.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,women couldn’t vote,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.98,0:07:48.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and neither could white men who didn’t\Nown enough property—
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.57,0:07:52.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meaning that the government\Nof, for, and by the people
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.05,0:07:53.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was, in fact
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.16,0:07:57.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of, for, and by about 10-15% of the people.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.49,0:07:58.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But here’s the real question:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.49,0:08:01.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Was the American Revolution what the\Nhistorian Jonathan Israel called
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.69,0:08:03.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“a revolution of mind?”\N[Like in the Matrix?]
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.43,0:08:05.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Did it change the way we think\Nabout what people are
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.84,0:08:07.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how we should organize ourselves?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.43,0:08:10.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Addressing those questions will involve a\Nbrief foray into the history of ideas.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.83,0:08:11.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let’s study the Enlightenment!
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.88,0:08:16.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Enlightenment was primarily a celebration\Nof humans’ ability to understand and improve
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.36,0:08:18.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the natural world through reason.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.28,0:08:19.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Enlightenment had a number of antecedents,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.96,0:08:22.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including the European Renaissance and\Nthe Scientific Revolution,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.39,0:08:24.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what made it special was that some\Nof its more radical proponents—
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.97,0:08:26.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like, Immanuel Kant, for instance—
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.27,0:08:30.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,went so far as to argue that human reason\Nrendered a belief in God unnecessary and,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.42,0:08:31.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by extension,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.52,0:08:35.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,proclaimed that any belief in divine\Nintervention or a divine plan for humanity
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.69,0:08:37.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was just superstition.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.01,0:08:39.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Given that this was coming out of an\Noverwhelmingly Christian Europe,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.41,0:08:41.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this was a pretty controversial suggestion,\N[our atheist pals- always left out in the
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.49,0:08:41.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cold.]
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.53,0:08:43.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not all Enlightenment thinkers\Nwould go that far.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.70,0:08:44.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And more moderate Enlightenment thinkers
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.94,0:08:48.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were also more willing to countenance\Nhierarchical social and political structures.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.61,0:08:50.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like John Locke,\Na major Enlightenment thinker,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.50,0:08:54.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,formulated his version of inalienable rights\Nas life, liberty, and property.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.75,0:08:56.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that’s much more traditional than arguing,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.40,0:08:58.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for instance,\Nthat property should be held communally.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.13,0:08:58.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[is there an easier target than hippies?]
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.68,0:09:01.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it’s no coincidence that\Nthe more moderate Enlightenment thinkers,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.20,0:09:02.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like Locke and Adam Smith,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.28,0:09:03.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,happened to be British,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.45,0:09:05.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the real radicals were French.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.72,0:09:07.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the founders of the United States,\Nwere far more closely linked
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.86,0:09:10.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to those British Enlightenment thinkers\Nthan to the French,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.48,0:09:13.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who influenced the French Revolution,\Nwhich as we will see next week,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.71,0:09:14.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,goes swimmingly.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.90,0:09:17.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But even if the government that America’s\Nrevolutionaries came up with
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.39,0:09:20.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,didn’t overturn privilege\Nor tear apart the social order
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.23,0:09:22.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the French Revolution tried to do,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.28,0:09:24.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it did make significant changes.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.32,0:09:26.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,America made sure that there would\Nnever be a formal nobility,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.67,0:09:28.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,except for the Count of Chocula.\N[and Gene "Duke of Earl" Chandler in the 60's]
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.02,0:09:28.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.05,0:09:30.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it recognized the equal rights of\Ndaughters and widows,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.33,0:09:32.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when it came to inheriting and possessing\Nproperty. [Downton Abbey wishes]
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.72,0:09:32.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.88,0:09:35.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it created a world in which\Nfuture countesses could rehabilitate
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.17,0:09:36.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their reputations in New York.\N[shame: extinct since end of the 20th century]
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.83,0:09:36.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.83,0:09:39.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the real seismic change was\Nthat after the Revolution,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.34,0:09:41.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Americans came to view themselves\Nas equal to each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.86,0:09:43.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And,\Nin the context of the 18th century,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:43.93,0:09:45.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was pretty radical.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.26,0:09:50.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,“Ordinary Americans came to believe that\Nno one in a basic down-to-earth and day-in-and-day-out
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.63,0:09:56.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,manner was really better than anyone else.\NThat was equality as no other nation had ever
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.09,0:09:57.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,quite had it.”
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.58,0:09:59.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in the end,\Nthe ideas of the American revolution—
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.65,0:10:02.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ideas about property and equality\Nand representation—
Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.35,0:10:06.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are still hugely important in shaping\Npolitical discourse around the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.03,0:10:07.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and particularly in America.\N[particularly in an election year]
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.52,0:10:09.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And by America, I mean the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.02,0:10:13.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I’m sorry Canadians and Mexicans and\NCentral Americans and South Americans.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.16,0:10:14.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We’re provincial, okay?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.24,0:10:15.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, here in the United States,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.72,0:10:19.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our Presidential candidates must know both\Nhow to wear a suit and how to bowl.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.09,0:10:19.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[and most egregiously, to pander!]
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.45,0:10:21.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the American Revolution also reminds us—
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.18,0:10:22.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the French one will next week—
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.63,0:10:26.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that revolutionary ideas and values\Nare not always easy to live up to.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.55,0:10:30.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nothing challenges one’s belief in equality\Nquite like becoming rich and powerful.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.26,0:10:30.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Indeed,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.78,0:10:32.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rare is the revolutionary who doesn’t become,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.49,0:10:34.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on some level, like Orwell’s pigs,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.70,0:10:37.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,insisting that while all\Nanimals were created equal,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.12,0:10:38.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some were created more equal than others.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.59,0:10:39.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[at the very least tastier than others?]
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.35,0:10:39.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In short,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.56,0:10:41.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you’re going to base\Nyour new society on philosophy,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.93,0:10:46.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you should try to found it on ideals that\Nare as inclusive and humanistic as possible—
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.40,0:10:50.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the people executing those ideas\Nwill never be ideal.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.37,0:10:51.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks for watching.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.08,0:10:53.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I’ll see you next week.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.18,0:10:53.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Crash Course is
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.68,0:10:55.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,produced and directed\Nby Stan Muller,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.14,0:10:56.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our script supervisor is\NDanica Johnson, [hello]
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.75,0:11:00.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the show is written by my high school\Nhistory teacher Raoul Meyer and myself,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.23,0:11:01.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our graphics team is Thought Bubble,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.86,0:11:04.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we are ably interned by Meredith Danko.\N[dba: The Interness or M,TVCS]
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.17,0:11:05.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Last week’s phrase of the week was\N"Historian Feuds."
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.79,0:11:07.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you want to suggest\Nfuture phrases of the week,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.74,0:11:09.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or guess at this one\Nyou can do so in comments,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.42,0:11:11.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where you can also ask questions\Nabout today’s video
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.36,0:11:13.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that will be answered by our team of historians.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.28,0:11:14.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks for watching Crash Course,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.92,0:11:15.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and as we say in my hometown,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.39,0:11:16.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don’t forget That's how you get ants!\N[Do you want ants, John?]
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.19,0:11:16.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[slides away into the white-walled abyss]
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.48,0:11:16.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[music outro]
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.57,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[music outro]