[Script Info] Title: [Events] Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.48,0:00:07.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Stanford University www.stanford.edu] Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.51,0:00:13.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Announcer: This program is brough to you by Stanford University. Please visit us at stanford.edu. Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.06,0:00:21.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[applause] Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.53,0:00:22.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Steve Jobs: Thank you. Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.96,0:00:26.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Steve Jobs - CEO Apple and Pixar Animation] Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.03,0:00:32.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jobs: I'm honored to be with you today for your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.13,0:00:35.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[cheering] Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.69,0:00:45.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Truth be told, I never graduated from college and this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation. Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.10,0:00:47.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[laughter] Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.95,0:00:54.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, I want to tell you three stories from my life. That's it: no big deal, just three stories. Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.48,0:00:59.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first story is about connecting the dots. Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.71,0:01:08.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.10,0:01:10.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So why did I drop out? Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.18,0:01:13.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It started before I was born. Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.10,0:01:21.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My biological mother was a young, unwed graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.10,0:01:25.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.99,0:01:30.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.58,0:01:36.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.65,0:01:42.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.19,0:01:49.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We've got an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?" They said: "Of course." Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.63,0:01:58.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My biological mother found out later that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.78,0:02:02.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She refused to sign the final adoption papers. Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.28,0:02:11.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would go to college. This was the start in my life. Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.65,0:02:21.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.21,0:02:26.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.30,0:02:30.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After six months, I couldn't see the value in it. Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.46,0:02:35.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.58,0:02:40.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.32,0:02:46.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.41,0:02:52.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.94,0:02:53.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[laughter] Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.07,0:02:59.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me, Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.50,0:03:03.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and begin dropping in on the ones that looked far more interesting. Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.58,0:03:13.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It wasn't all romantic. I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms. I returned coke bottles for the 5¢ deposits to buy food with,. Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.40,0:03:21.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.72,0:03:23.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I loved it. Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.58,0:03:29.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.88,0:03:31.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me give you one example: Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.76,0:03:37.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.99,0:03:44.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand-calligraphed. Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.02,0:03:52.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.69,0:03:59.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I learned about serif and sans serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.58,0:04:02.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about what makes great typography great. Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.90,0:04:11.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating. Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.73,0:04:16.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.00,0:04:22.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.05,0:04:28.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.08,0:04:32.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.49,0:04:36.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.96,0:04:42.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And since Windows just copied the Mac, it's likely that no personal computer would have them. Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.47,0:04:49.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[laughter and applause] Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.57,0:04:53.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.73,0:04:57.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.92,0:05:02.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.48,0:05:06.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later. Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.60,0:05:12.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.37,0:05:16.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.36,0:05:21.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have to trust in something - your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.37,0:05:27.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because believing that the dots will connect down the road will give you the confidence to follow your heart, Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.47,0:05:32.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even when it leads you off the well-worn path, and that will make all the difference. Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.97,0:05:42.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My second story is about love and loss. Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.41,0:05:47.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was lucky - I found what I loved to do early in life. Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.98,0:05:51.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Woz and I started Apple in my parents' garage when I was 20. Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.37,0:05:59.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.61,0:06:04.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'd just released our finest creation - the Macintosh - a year earlier, and I'd just turned 30. Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.94,0:06:07.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then I got fired. Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.54,0:06:11.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How can you get fired from a company you started? Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.91,0:06:18.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.25,0:06:20.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for the first year or so things went well. Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.68,0:06:25.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.26,0:06:28.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.45,0:06:32.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so at 30 I was out. And very publicly out. Dialogue: 0,0:06:32.83,0:06:37.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating. Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.86,0:06:40.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I really didn't know what to do for a few months. Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.64,0:06:46.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down - that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.59,0:06:53.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.80,0:06:57.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the Valley. Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.98,0:07:03.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But something slowly began to dawn on me - I still loved what I did. Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.32,0:07:10.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love. Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.65,0:07:13.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so I decided to start over. Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.34,0:07:20.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.48,0:07:27.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.61,0:07:30.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life. Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.89,0:07:35.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar, Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.80,0:07:38.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.93,0:07:47.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pixar went on to create the world's first computer animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.80,0:07:49.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[applause and cheering] Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.44,0:07:54.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT and I returned to Apple, Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.76,0:07:58.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance. Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.26,0:08:02.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together. Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.32,0:08:07.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple. Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.57,0:08:11.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.74,0:08:15.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes life is going to hit you in the head with a brick. Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.97,0:08:21.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don't lose faith. I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. Dialogue: 0,0:08:21.76,0:08:26.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You've got to find what you love. And that is as true for work as it is for your lovers. Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.64,0:08:34.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.51,0:08:38.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.57,0:08:42.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you haven't found it yet, keep looking and don't settle. Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.07,0:08:46.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it. Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.69,0:08:51.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.63,0:08:54.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So keep looking. Don't settle. Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.47,0:09:04.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[applause] Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.66,0:09:07.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My third story is about death. Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.73,0:09:12.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.53,0:09:17.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right." Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.03,0:09:19.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[laughter] Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.35,0:09:27.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.65,0:09:33.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?" Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.38,0:09:38.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And whenever the answer has been "No" for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something. Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.90,0:09:46.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.25,0:09:54.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because almost everything - all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.10,0:09:59.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.95,0:10:07.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.46,0:10:12.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart. Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.12,0:10:16.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.56,0:10:22.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.75,0:10:25.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I didn't even know what a pancreas was. Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.51,0:10:34.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.93,0:10:42.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor's code for prepare to die. Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.94,0:10:50.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It means to try and tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.15,0:10:56.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.81,0:10:58.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It means to say your goodbyes. Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.51,0:11:02.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I lived with that diagnosis all day. Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.39,0:11:10.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach, into my intestines, Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.45,0:11:14.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.59,0:11:22.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying, Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.72,0:11:27.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.21,0:11:31.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I had the surgery and thankfully, I'm fine now. Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.06,0:11:39.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[applause] Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.14,0:11:45.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was the closest I've been to facing death, and I hope it's the closest I get for a few more decades. Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.96,0:11:53.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept: Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.80,0:12:00.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No one wants to die. Even people who want to go to heaven don't want to die to get there. Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.32,0:12:07.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.35,0:12:13.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life. Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.12,0:12:18.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is Life's change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new. Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.91,0:12:27.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.46,0:12:30.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sorry to be so dramatic, but it's quite true. Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.78,0:12:36.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.10,0:12:41.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don't be trapped by dogma - which is living with the results of other people's thinking. Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.27,0:12:46.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice. Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.33,0:12:50.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.76,0:12:54.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.90,0:12:57.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything else is secondary. Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.28,0:13:08.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[applause] Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.77,0:13:17.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation. Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.30,0:13:24.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.23,0:13:33.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was in the late 60's, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and polaroid cameras. Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.76,0:13:44.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along: it was idealistic, overflowing with neat tools and great notions. Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.55,0:13:47.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.20,0:13:52.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.50,0:13:56.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.53,0:14:07.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.91,0:14:15.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Beneath it were the words: "Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish." It was their farewell message as they signed off. Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.28,0:14:22.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.76,0:14:27.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you. Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.01,0:14:30.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.90,0:14:32.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you all very much. Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.59,0:14:49.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[applause] Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.31,0:14:56.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Stanford University - www.stanford.edu] Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.92,0:15:00.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Announcer: the preceding program is copyrighted by Stanford University. Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.36,0:15:03.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Please visit us at standord.edu.