[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.96,0:00:12.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every two seconds, someone somewhere \Nin the world experiences a stroke.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.52,0:00:17.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one out of every six people will have \None at some point in their lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.88,0:00:20.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Strokes deprive brain cells of oxygen
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.87,0:00:23.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and are one of the most \Ncommon causes of death
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.59,0:00:26.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a leading cause \Nof preventable disability.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.78,0:00:31.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When someone experiences a stroke,\Nquick medical care is critical,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.45,0:00:34.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and can often help avoid \Npermanent brain damage.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.73,0:00:37.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what causes strokes \Nin the first place?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.59,0:00:40.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what can doctors do to treat them?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.85,0:00:44.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The brain makes up just 2% \Nof your body’s mass
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.52,0:00:48.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but consumes more than 20%\Nof the oxygen in your blood.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.96,0:00:52.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That oxygen is carried to the brain\Nthrough a system of arteries.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.75,0:00:55.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Carotid arteries supply \Nthe front of the brain,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.64,0:00:58.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and vertebral arteries supply the back.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.69,0:01:00.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are connected to each other,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.72,0:01:03.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and divide into smaller \Nand smaller vessels
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.37,0:01:07.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that get billions of neurons \Nthe oxygen they need.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.38,0:01:13.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If the blood flow is interrupted, \Noxygen delivery stops and brain cells die.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.35,0:01:15.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are two ways this can happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.49,0:01:20.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hemorrhagic strokes are when a perforated\Nvessel allows blood to leak out.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.64,0:01:23.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the more common type \Nis the ischemic stroke,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.53,0:01:28.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when a clot blocks a vessel \Nand brings blood flow to a halt.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.52,0:01:30.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where do these clots come from?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.69,0:01:33.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On rare occasions,\Na sudden change in heart rhythm
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.59,0:01:37.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,prevents the upper chambers of the heart\Nfrom contracting normally.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.90,0:01:39.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This slows down blood flow,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.81,0:01:45.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,allowing platelets, clotting factors, \Nand fibrin to stick together.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.38,0:01:46.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The clot can be carried up
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.73,0:01:50.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,towards the arteries\Nand blood vessels supplying the brain
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.61,0:01:54.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until it gets to one \Nit can’t squeeze through.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.09,0:01:56.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is called an embolism
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.30,0:02:00.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it cuts off the oxygen supply \Nto all the cells downstream.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.66,0:02:05.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The brain doesn't have pain receptors,\Nso you can't feel the blockage itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.86,0:02:08.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But oxygen deprivation \Nslows brain function
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.67,0:02:11.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and can have sudden, noticeable effects.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.80,0:02:15.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, if the affected area \Nis responsible for speech,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.59,0:02:18.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an individual’s words may be slurred.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.51,0:02:21.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If the stroke affects a part of the brain \Nthat controls muscle movement,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.97,0:02:26.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it can cause weakness, \Noften just on one side of the body.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.55,0:02:30.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When this happens, the body \Nwill immediately try to compensate
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.44,0:02:33.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by diverting blood flow \Nto the affected area,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.40,0:02:35.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but this isn’t a perfect solution.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.88,0:02:39.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eventually, the oxygen-deprived cells \Nwill start to die,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.82,0:02:43.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leading to brain damage \Nthat may be severe or permanent.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.75,0:02:48.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That’s why it’s important to get\Nmedical care as fast as possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.39,0:02:51.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first line of treatment\Nis an intravenous medication
Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.37,0:02:54.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called Tissue Plasminogen Activator,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.20,0:02:55.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which can break up the blood clot
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.88,0:02:59.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and allow blood to flow again\Nin the compromised artery.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.86,0:03:02.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If it’s delivered within a few hours,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.02,0:03:05.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this medication greatly increases\Nthe chance of surviving the stroke
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.42,0:03:08.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and avoiding permanent consequences.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.50,0:03:11.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If Tissue Plasminogen Activator\Ncannot be given
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.65,0:03:13.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the patient \Nis on certain medications,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.98,0:03:15.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has history of major bleeding,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.60,0:03:18.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the clot is particularly large,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.34,0:03:23.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doctors can perform a procedure\Ncalled an endovascular thrombectomy.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.60,0:03:28.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Using a fluorescent dye that illuminates \Nthe blood vessels under a strong x-ray,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.69,0:03:33.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the physician inserts a long, \Nthin, flexible tube called a catheter
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.15,0:03:35.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into an artery in the leg
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.38,0:03:38.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and maneuvers\Nit all the way to the blockage.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.51,0:03:41.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A retriever is passed\Nthrough this catheter.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.38,0:03:45.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It expands and anchors into the clot \Nwhen it’s just past it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.87,0:03:50.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The catheter then pulls the clot out \Nwhen it’s removed.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.74,0:03:53.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These treatments need to be delivered\Nas soon as possible
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.68,0:03:55.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to preserve brain function,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.34,0:03:59.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which means figuring out fast \Nif someone is having a stroke.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.59,0:04:01.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how can you tell?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.02,0:04:03.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here are three quick things to try:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.87,0:04:06.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1. Ask the person to smile.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.56,0:04:11.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A crooked mouth or facial drooping \Ncan indicate muscle weakness.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.12,0:04:13.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,2. Ask them to raise their arms.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.88,0:04:19.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If one drifts downward, that arm weakness\Nis also a sign of a stroke.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.83,0:04:23.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,3. Ask them to repeat a\Nsimple word or phrase.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.92,0:04:26.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If their speech sounds\Nslurred or strange,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.79,0:04:31.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it could mean that the language area \Nof their brain is oxygen-deprived.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.49,0:04:37.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is sometimes called the FAST test,\Nand the T stands for time.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.28,0:04:42.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you see any of those signs, \Ncall emergency services right away.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.29,0:04:44.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lives may depend on it.