[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.32,0:00:17.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Herald Angel: Anja Drephal studied\Nhistory, American studies, Japanese
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.34,0:00:23.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,studies in Berlin and Tokyo in Graz and\Nalso in Vienna and when I asked her she
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.72,0:00:30.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,said kind of everywhere. So, it's her\Nthird talk on a Chaos Communication
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.31,0:00:36.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Congress. She was here three years ago and\Ntwo years ago and we are very happy to
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.45,0:00:40.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have her back - please welcome her!\N{\i1}applause{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.91,0:00:51.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anja Drephal: Thank you! Oh I'm on -\Nthat's good! I would have taken that
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.52,0:00:57.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,screwdriver but - okay, it's too bad!\NWell, thank you all for being here I hope
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.47,0:01:04.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you all having a good time so far. It's\Nday three and I'm having a good time. It's
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.42,0:01:10.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a very good Congress. This year\Nunfortunately it's been hard for some
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.12,0:01:15.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people to actually be here. It's been a\Nnightmare to buy tickets online. So in
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.86,0:01:21.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,addition I'd like to welcome everybody\Nwatching a stream from at home or Congress
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.11,0:01:30.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everywhere so thank you for watching!\NAnyone of you watching this from at home
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.36,0:01:37.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or anyone of you who has some sort of cell\Nphone mobile device connected to the
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.96,0:01:44.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Congress Wi-Fi has actually been using\Nspread spectrum technology in the past
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.87,0:01:53.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,couple days. But this is not a talk about\Nspread-spectrum technology. Oh, and I
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.76,0:01:56.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wanted to give a hint to the translations\Nteam - in German, that's
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.86,0:02:05.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Bandspreizverfahren" and... je suis\Ndesolé, je ne sais pas what it means in
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.41,0:02:11.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,French... So, this is not what I want to\Ntalk about because I would never pretend
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.54,0:02:17.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be an electrical engineer or a fully\Ntrained computer scientist who is
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.44,0:02:22.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,qualified to explain this very complex\Ntechnology.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.85,0:02:31.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I want to do is tell you a story,\Ngive you a short 20 minute overview of a
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.78,0:02:40.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,person, a remarkable person, who worked on\Nthe development of spread spectrum
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.76,0:02:48.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,technology about 75 years ago and until\Nrecently was not recognized for her
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.92,0:02:59.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,accomplishments. Let's say you are an\Nelectrical engineer or you are a computer
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.24,0:03:07.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,scientist and you want to learn about this\Ntechnology. I try to avoid saying it
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.46,0:03:13.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's such a tongue twister and I'm\Ngonna stumble over the spread-spectrum.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.05,0:03:20.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So yeah, so you go to your library and you\Nfind lots of big handbooks, handbook on
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.15,0:03:26.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,spread-spectrum communication for example\Nand there you usually you have sort of an
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.03,0:03:34.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,introduction with something like this\Nnever mind if you can't read it right now
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.10,0:03:40.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've uploaded my slides so you can look at\Nit later and I'll also explain anything
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.23,0:03:47.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's important this is from an Austrian\Nhandbook and of course it mentions a
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.31,0:03:53.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Claude Shannon" in 1948 publishing a\Nmathematical theory of communication, a
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.47,0:04:01.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very important paper, and before that\Nactually it mentions in 1942 "Markey" and
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.41,0:04:07.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Antheil" are patenting the first spread-\Nspectrum system ever.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.88,0:04:13.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you're wondering who is "Markey" and\N"Antheil"? Probably some guys at MIT,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.53,0:04:22.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right? Working for the military in 1942,\Ndeveloping secret weapons? It could be.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.79,0:04:27.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, ladies and gentlemen, this is Markey.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.96,0:04:39.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hedwig Kiesler born in 1914 in Vienna.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.97,0:04:46.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was a beautiful child, she was 16 when\Nshe decided to quit school and become an
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.71,0:04:55.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actress, she started hanging around the\NSascha-Film studio in Vienna. She also
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.91,0:05:02.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stalked famous director Max Reinhardt\Nuntil he cast her in his play "The Weaker
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.57,0:05:09.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sex". She had a couple more minor roles,\Nshe played "Sissi", she played opposite
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.76,0:05:18.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Heinz Rühmann, and it was - oopsie - it\Nwas Max Reinhardt who - promoting his play
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.37,0:05:23.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- coined the phrase "Hedy Kiesler is the\Nmost beautiful woman in the world!" and
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.35,0:05:30.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the press picked it up very quickly. Here\Nshe's again. Then when she was 18, she did
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.85,0:05:37.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something very daring: she starred in\NCzech film called "Ecstasy". It's very
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.48,0:05:42.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,interesting, please ask me about it or\Nwatch it on YouTube. There was full
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.53,0:05:52.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,frontal nudity and she faked the first on-\Nscreen orgasm. The film was banned, the
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.90,0:05:56.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Pope denounced it and Hedy became famous.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.99,0:06:02.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then after "Ecstasy", surprisingly,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.99,0:06:11.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hedy stopped acting and she married: this\Nguy. She became the young trophy wife of
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.24,0:06:19.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fritz Mandl. He was - at that time - the\Nthird richest man in Austria. He was the
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.03,0:06:24.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,owner of the "Hirtenberger ammunitions\Nfactory", he was also an Austro-fascist,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.88,0:06:35.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he supplied weapons to a lot of unsavory\Nindividuals and organizations and - as his
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.44,0:06:40.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,beautiful young trophy wife - she was\Nsupposed to be there at parties, at
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.25,0:06:46.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meetings with important industrialists,\Nweapons dealers, politicians and to just
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.56,0:06:52.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stand there and look beautiful.\NBut she also listened when they spoke
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.60,0:07:02.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about developments, about German glide\Nbombs being tested and developed. She
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.20,0:07:09.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,listened and she noticed. After a couple\Nof years, for whatever reason, I think
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.61,0:07:15.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mandl was pretty controlling and then\Njealous, for one reason or another, Hedy
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.34,0:07:22.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,left him and used her "Ecstasy"-fame to go\Nto the US and get a contract at MGM in
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.49,0:07:34.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1937. Her first film in the US was\N"Algiers" and this film established her
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.73,0:07:45.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fame, her new look, her hairstyle and this\Nvery distant kind of unsmiling style that
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.15,0:07:50.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MGM had in mind for her and they also\Npromoted her as the most beautiful woman
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.99,0:08:01.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the world. Critics usually agreed that\Nshe could not act, but, oh my god, she's
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.14,0:08:12.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so beautiful, who cares? She... actually,\Nshe was not just beautiful. She was also
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.23,0:08:17.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bored with acting, because usually,\Nworking for a studio, you made like two
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.61,0:08:22.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,movies a year, which took a couple weeks,\Nand the rest of the time, well, there was
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.67,0:08:31.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no Netflix. So, she didn't like to party\Nthat much, she read, she painted and she
Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.79,0:08:43.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,always invented little gadgets at home.\NAnd she also worried, of course, at that
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.83,0:08:47.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,time. She worried about the war going on\Nin Europe. She had... She was an
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.94,0:08:55.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,immigrant, after all. She had friends and\Nfamily still in Europe and, oh yeah, it's
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.34,0:09:04.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just a couple of... that's Clark Gable,\NJimmy Stewart, and then she was Delilah in
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.31,0:09:15.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Samson and Delilah", Technicolor, yeah,\Nanyway she worried. And that's a fun tweet
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.66,0:09:20.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I found: "The feeling when you are 3,000\Npercent done with glam photo shoots and
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.41,0:09:24.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are inwardly planning a new radio\Nfrequency system for torpedoes"
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.32,0:09:27.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}laughter{\i0}\NI like it.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.50,0:09:33.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that's what she started doing, because\Nshe remembered what she had picked up. She
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.52,0:09:39.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,knew about German bombs being controlled\Nby radio, she knew that Germany was using
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.13,0:09:44.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,18 different frequencies for their glide\Nbombs and usually dispatching 18 bombs at
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.86,0:09:49.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a time so the enemy would have to jam\Nevery single frequency and at least one
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.93,0:09:57.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would - you know - get through.\NSo especially in 1914, when Germany
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.46,0:10:06.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,started sinking English ships in September\N1940, 77 children who were being evacuated
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.20,0:10:15.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Canada died, she offered her knowledge\Nabout weapons to the Navy. She thought
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.95,0:10:22.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about offering it, because she had an\Nidea. These German glide bombs they were
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.10,0:10:29.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,radio-controlled. So why not make\Ntorpedoes with radio control to increase
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.32,0:10:33.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their chances of hitting targets and not\Njust going in a straight line and maybe
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.81,0:10:39.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hitting something or not. Her second idea\Nwas to use just really really short
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.57,0:10:46.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,signals just split-second radio signals\Nbetween the ship, the torpedo and a plane
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.02,0:10:55.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,overhead, in between longer intervals of\Nradio silence. And then her idea was
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.87,0:11:01.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,changing the frequency of the split-second\Nsignal, making it harder to intercept and
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.50,0:11:07.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,jam. Let's check, she just said "Okay,\Nlet's just use a lot of frequencies and hop!".
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.56,0:11:14.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She called it "frequency hopping".\NBut of course, the question is: how to do that?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.37,0:11:17.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,\NAnd here's where that second name
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.95,0:11:25.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mentioned in the patent comes in. This is\N"George Antheil". He was from New Jersey.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.91,0:11:33.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the 1920s, he moved to Berlin and then\Nto Paris and became famous as an avant-
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.31,0:11:40.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,garde composer and pianist. There's\Nanother one...
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.00,0:11:46.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His most famous composition was the\N"Ballet Mécanique" in 1924, where he tried
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.05,0:11:51.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to synchronize 16 player pianos and he\Nalso used airplane propellers and
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.89,0:11:59.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sirens... You can also watch it on the\Ninternet. Listen to, it's crazy! It was
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.10,0:12:06.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the score for a movie, actually.\NSo, he knew about synchronizing mechanical
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.15,0:12:14.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instruments when he met Hedy in 1940 at\None of those Hollywood parties.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.22,0:12:19.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they started working together on their\Nsecret communication system, which they
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.60,0:12:28.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,proposed to the National Inventors Council\Nin 1941. Ah, here he is. There's... The
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.86,0:12:36.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tall one is Hedy and on the right is\NGeorge and the woman in the striped dress
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.53,0:12:47.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is George's wife. So their secret\Ncommunication system suggested using 88
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.07,0:12:52.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,frequencies, because there are 88 keys on\Na piano (it was just a little in-joke) and
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.66,0:13:00.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hopping between them, synchronizing the\Nsender, the transmitter, and the receiver
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.88,0:13:07.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in addition using random signals on\Nthree extra frequencies to just make some
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.05,0:13:12.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,noise. So, you have 88 frequencies and\Nyou're hopping on some with the signal.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.41,0:13:15.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're sending one signal there, one\Nsignal here, and then you're sending
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.76,0:13:23.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,random signals that don't mean anything\Nand if the enemy actually manages to
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.33,0:13:29.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,intercept one of these frequencies, they\Nwould be like just one "blip" and it
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.17,0:13:32.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wouldn't make any sense.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.03,0:13:39.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I want to just quickly \Ntalk about is this.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.95,0:13:44.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is what they \Nthought might happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.23,0:13:51.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's an American ship going there\Ndispatching a torpedo that would usually
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.44,0:13:55.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,go here.\NHere's a German ship and it doesn't go in
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.95,0:14:00.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a straight line because it's trying to\Nevade the torpedo.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.44,0:14:07.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's plane and the plane is watching and\Nmessaging the ship that the torpedo needs
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.39,0:14:12.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to change its course and the ship is\Nmessaging the torpedo "go left, go right,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:12.94,0:14:16.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,go left, go right, go left", and then -\Nboom.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.40,0:14:24.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For synchronization between the sender and\Nthe receiver they suggested using these
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.98,0:14:33.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,paper ribbons with punch holes just like\Nin those mechanical pianos that Antheil
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.66,0:14:35.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,used to be familiar with.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.60,0:14:44.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Oh here's actually a notebook \Nthat they used for the
Dialogue: 0,0:14:44.25,0:14:52.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mechanism that was supposed to make the\Nsender and the receiver go off at the same
Dialogue: 0,0:14:52.20,0:14:59.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,time, so they would be synchronized. The\NNew York Times picked it up and - like
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.95,0:15:11.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they said - the National Inventors Council\Nactually was positive, liked the idea and
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.25,0:15:17.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,suggested that they should patent this.\NThe US patents office awarded them the
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.54,0:15:25.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,patent but the Navy rejected it,\Neventually. The Navy said it's too bulky,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:25.86,0:15:31.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's too big, we can't make this. But the\Nquestion is: Why?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:31.70,0:15:36.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Navy actually thought because they had\Nsaid they wanted to use these paper
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.34,0:15:41.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ribbons just like in a piano and they were\Nlike: "We can't put a piano in a torpedo,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.36,0:15:47.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are you crazy? It's not gonna work!" In\Nfact it would have been much smaller, of
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.16,0:15:53.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,course. And then there was the issue of a\NHollywood star, known for her beautiful
Dialogue: 0,0:15:53.97,0:16:01.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,face and a crazy composer inventing a\Nweapon system? I don't think so.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.26,0:16:07.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then again the timing was kind of bad\Nright after Pearl Harbor the Navy was in
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.84,0:16:15.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shock and busy fixing their existing\Ntorpedo system. Because in 1942 about 60%
Dialogue: 0,0:16:15.01,0:16:20.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of American torpedoes were duds. They\Nexploded too soon, they didn't explode at
Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.67,0:16:28.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all, they went anywhere and so the Navy\Nwas like "Okay, we got to fix this and we
Dialogue: 0,0:16:28.06,0:16:33.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can't really develop anything new right\Nnow." And then one point that I've been
Dialogue: 0,0:16:33.16,0:16:40.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thinking about is Hedy at that point was\Nstill technically an enemy alien.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:40.32,0:16:48.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She wasn't naturalized until 1953. So there's\Nobviously always the question of loyalty,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:48.68,0:16:54.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think.\NInstead, she was... it was suggested that
Dialogue: 0,0:16:54.90,0:17:02.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she should help the war by selling war\Nbonds, which she did very successfully.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:02.97,0:17:09.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She sold seven million of... seven million\Ndollars of war bonds in one day which is
Dialogue: 0,0:17:09.01,0:17:12.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in today's money about \N100 million dollars.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:12.20,0:17:18.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She also served cake at the\Nfamous Hollywood Canteen.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:17:18.48,0:17:26.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But her patent seemed \Nto have been forgotten.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:28.09,0:17:34.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It ran out in 1959. \NShe never got anything from it.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:34.11,0:17:38.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She never got any financial gain.\NNothing.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:38.23,0:17:43.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in fact, there was secret military\Nresearch on this topic.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:43.08,0:17:47.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From the 1940s until the 1970s,\Nit was classified.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:47.70,0:17:56.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first time spread-spectrum technology\Nwas used by the military was in 1962,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:56.02,0:18:03.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during the Cuban Missile Crisis. A system\Ncalled "BLADES" was installed in ships in
Dialogue: 0,0:18:03.33,0:18:10.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Caribbean and later also in the\NMediterranean Sea. And this system using
Dialogue: 0,0:18:10.29,0:18:17.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,frequency-hopping spread-spectrum was the\Nonly one that could not be jammed at that point.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:17.58,0:18:20.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,\NCivil use of this technology came much
Dialogue: 0,0:18:20.72,0:18:30.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,much later in the 1970s, 1980s when the\NFCC started with a deregulation of
Dialogue: 0,0:18:30.85,0:18:38.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,frequencies and allowed civil use of\Nvarious frequencies in... let's say
Dialogue: 0,0:18:38.11,0:18:45.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,microwaves, later mobile phones,\NBluetooth, Wi-Fi, etc., etc., it actually
Dialogue: 0,0:18:45.30,0:18:53.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,started being used in the civil sector.\NIn the early 1990s Dave Hughes, who is
Dialogue: 0,0:18:53.79,0:18:59.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,known as an internet pioneer, came across\NHedy, researched her patent and lobbied
Dialogue: 0,0:18:59.67,0:19:04.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for her recognition for the first time.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:04.66,0:19:08.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He got her nominated for the Electronic
Dialogue: 0,0:19:08.74,0:19:18.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Frontier Foundation's Pioneer Award, which\Nshe was awarded in 1997. She was 82 years
Dialogue: 0,0:19:18.15,0:19:26.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,old, she didn't leave the house anymore.\NHer son went there and got that award on
Dialogue: 0,0:19:26.54,0:19:31.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,her behalf and supposedly she was very\Nhappy about it that she finally got some
Dialogue: 0,0:19:31.52,0:19:36.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,recognition.\NIn the past 10 years especially in Austria
Dialogue: 0,0:19:36.62,0:19:43.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there has been at last more recognition of\NHedy. There was an exhibition around the
Dialogue: 0,0:19:43.60,0:19:50.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,country. The Austrian Republic awards the\NHedy Lamarr award for achievements by
Dialogue: 0,0:19:50.16,0:19:58.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,women in information technology. And\NVienna named a street after Hedy. Her
Dialogue: 0,0:19:58.78,0:20:03.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,birthday is now "Inventor's Day". In the\NUnited States she was finally inducted in
Dialogue: 0,0:20:03.95,0:20:08.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the National Inventor's Hall of Fame two\Nyears ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:08.17,0:20:16.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, I've been trying to speak just 20\Nminutes giving you an overview of this - I
Dialogue: 0,0:20:16.83,0:20:24.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think remarkable - person who should get\Nmuch more recognition than she did.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:24.86,0:20:34.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think I've been a bit faster, actually -\Nthat's good. I'm hoping that maybe I've
Dialogue: 0,0:20:34.85,0:20:42.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,been able to inspire some interest in this\Nperson and maybe inspire as someone to
Dialogue: 0,0:20:42.09,0:20:48.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,read up on her or maybe watch her movies.\NSadly, she's been all but forgotten.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:48.01,0:20:55.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Her career was... was big and very short. And\Nthen she lived on for decades, she was
Dialogue: 0,0:20:55.98,0:21:02.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,forgotten, her inventions were forgotten.\NSo, I'm hoping that maybe you'd like to
Dialogue: 0,0:21:02.58,0:21:08.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,look at some sources, watch the movies you\Ncould contact me. I have some... some
Dialogue: 0,0:21:08.80,0:21:17.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really good books that I read on her that\NI would recommend. And that would be good.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:17.43,0:21:27.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That would... That would make me very\Nhappy, because doing research on Hedy was fun.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:27.63,0:21:34.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It kind of you kind of develop a\Nrelationship to a person like that and I like her.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:34.05,0:21:39.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was she was considered\Ndifficult, as a woman, as an actor,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:39.98,0:21:47.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I think she was considered difficult for\Ndoing things that any man would have been considered:
Dialogue: 0,0:21:47.82,0:21:51.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Yeah, he's a strong guy and he knows\Nwhat he wants and he does what he wants!"
Dialogue: 0,0:21:51.64,0:21:54.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was always doing things her own way.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:54.68,0:21:57.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She came to America on her own, alone.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:57.59,0:22:03.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She made her way. She was...\NShe was basically, you could say, she was a refugee.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:03.03,0:22:05.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, she came with a contract,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:05.11,0:22:10.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but she couldn't go back. Austria was\Ngone, there was war. She always missed it
Dialogue: 0,0:22:10.69,0:22:15.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she had to make her own way. She had\Nto fight for a place in life and she
Dialogue: 0,0:22:15.68,0:22:23.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,always tried to find happiness.\NUnfortunately, she didn't really find it.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:23.06,0:22:31.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, in closing, before, we can have a\Ncouple minutes for questions, I hope.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:31.54,0:22:37.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd like to ask you to give \Na hand to Hedy.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:37.23,0:22:49.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}applause{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:22:49.14,0:22:51.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Herald Angel: Thanks a lot, Anya, for this
Dialogue: 0,0:22:51.23,0:22:58.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very nice talk. We have a couple of\Nminutes for questions and answers, so if
Dialogue: 0,0:22:58.69,0:23:08.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have something that you would like to\Nknow, please feel free to go to the mics.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:08.21,0:23:10.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's something going on online I think.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:10.73,0:23:11.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AD: Okay
Dialogue: 0,0:23:11.73,0:23:17.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Questioner: Yes thank you. I would like to\Nknow, are there any compatible stories,
Dialogue: 0,0:23:17.29,0:23:24.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where non-technical people / persons\Ncontributed to technology.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:24.36,0:23:26.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AD: I'm not sure
Dialogue: 0,0:23:26.49,0:23:28.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Q: Is there another Hedy?
Dialogue: 0,0:23:28.73,0:23:32.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AD: Oh another Hedy... I'm pretty sure
Dialogue: 0,0:23:32.29,0:23:41.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is. I can't come up with any example\Nright now, but... maybe someone does.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:41.18,0:23:45.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because there are so many people,\Nespecially women, who are being overlooked
Dialogue: 0,0:23:45.32,0:23:51.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for what they're doing like she was. I'm\Nsorry, I can't really come up with any
Dialogue: 0,0:23:51.28,0:23:58.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,examples right now. But especially when it\Ncomes to women, it's still, sadly, it's
Dialogue: 0,0:23:58.17,0:24:05.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,still so hard for women, to be recognized\Nin a technological field like a man would.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:05.06,0:24:12.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This always... Maybe especially when\Nyou're this pretty. Nobody thinks that
Dialogue: 0,0:24:12.95,0:24:18.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's anything behind this pretty face\Nand I know, I would... like, if anyone has
Dialogue: 0,0:24:18.93,0:24:26.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an example that would be great? I'm sure\Nthere's a lot of people who are another Hedy.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:26.63,0:24:32.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,HA: I think the person on microphone 2 was\Nnodding to that, but you have a question
Dialogue: 0,0:24:32.96,0:24:33.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there right?
Dialogue: 0,0:24:33.96,0:24:39.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mic 2: Yeah, that actually kind of covered\Nmy question. But I just... first of all
Dialogue: 0,0:24:39.49,0:24:46.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wanted to thank you so much for doing this\Ntalk and also maybe to sort of respond to
Dialogue: 0,0:24:46.11,0:24:49.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you. I think, one of the things we could\Nthink about is not only women but also
Dialogue: 0,0:24:49.09,0:24:55.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people particularly in what we still call\N"The Global South" who are doing amazing
Dialogue: 0,0:24:55.27,0:24:59.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,work that doesn't get recognized and - you\Nknow - we come to conferences and there's
Dialogue: 0,0:24:59.91,0:25:06.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,oftentimes not a lot of communication\Nbetween developers in those places. So I
Dialogue: 0,0:25:06.03,0:25:08.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think it's very likely that's where our\Nnext Hedy Lamarr could come from.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:08.86,0:25:09.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AD: Probably.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:09.86,0:25:11.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mic 2: So that being said I do have a
Dialogue: 0,0:25:11.05,0:25:16.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,question for you. Which is: What can\Neverybody here do to try to help avoid
Dialogue: 0,0:25:16.29,0:25:19.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this? How can we think outside the box and\Nbe reaching out
Dialogue: 0,0:25:19.56,0:25:25.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to people and maybe uncovering hidden work\Nand sort of breaking the mold? Because
Dialogue: 0,0:25:25.49,0:25:29.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's what happened to her like, she got\Nstuck in this structure that existed.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:29.11,0:25:34.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AD: By thinking outside the box I think.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:34.11,0:25:42.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By supporting - not just girls - from an\Nearly age, you know? To just not look at
Dialogue: 0,0:25:42.94,0:25:50.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this gender stereotypes. You have a girl\Nand so "Yeah, she can't be interested in
Dialogue: 0,0:25:50.38,0:25:56.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,technology." You should just be open and\Nbe open to anyone who's asking questions,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:56.70,0:25:59.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who wants to learn and support that.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:59.40,0:26:04.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mic 2: It's really awesome to see so many\Nlittle girls here - yeah, thanks to all
Dialogue: 0,0:26:04.01,0:26:06.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the parents who are doing that.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:06.18,0:26:11.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}applause{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:26:11.47,0:26:13.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,HA: We have one more question online.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:13.54,0:26:18.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Q: Yes thank you. Can you elaborate a\Nlittle bit on her formal education?
Dialogue: 0,0:26:18.96,0:26:22.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Was there anything else than Normal School?
Dialogue: 0,0:26:22.20,0:26:34.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AD: Yes. Well, she was born in 1914. \NShe went... Typically a girl of her status,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:34.35,0:26:41.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she was from a well-off family, her dad\Nwas a banker, went to a girl's school,
Dialogue: 0,0:26:41.31,0:26:52.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which she did. But as far as I've read up,\Nher dad actually supported her learning.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:52.56,0:27:03.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He taught her a lot, he took her hiking,\Nhe told her how technical apparatuses work
Dialogue: 0,0:27:03.99,0:27:08.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he always supported \Nher learning a lot.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:08.59,0:27:15.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then again, she had the typical formal\Neducation of a girl of her age and status.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:15.36,0:27:22.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when she was 16, she was at a\Nfinishing school in Switzerland and she
Dialogue: 0,0:27:22.88,0:27:27.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ran away, because she wanted to be an\Nactress. So I guess, it was not that challenging.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:27.77,0:27:30.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was nothing that really\Ninterested her in that school.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:30.93,0:27:34.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm guessing, girls\Nthey learned how to be a good wife.\N
Dialogue: 0,0:27:34.76,0:27:41.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How to, you know, know enough so \Nthat you're not too boring for your future husband.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:41.49,0:27:45.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was the goal of educating girls.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:45.57,0:27:48.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,HA: We got another question on Mic 1.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:48.44,0:27:51.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mic 1: I would like to thank you for this
Dialogue: 0,0:27:51.28,0:28:00.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,talk as well and for the intervention just\Non microphone number 2. I would like to
Dialogue: 0,0:28:00.97,0:28:06.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,know what led you to researching Hedy's\Nlife and how did you stumble upon this
Dialogue: 0,0:28:06.53,0:28:10.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,personality? Because as you said yourself\Nit's hard to, I mean, they're not
Dialogue: 0,0:28:10.51,0:28:16.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,recognized - how how do you find her at\Nall? Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:16.18,0:28:19.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AD: So, how did I find her? I found her
Dialogue: 0,0:28:19.68,0:28:27.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,last year. I had never ever heard of her.\NNever seen any of her movies. Somebody on
Dialogue: 0,0:28:27.03,0:28:34.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Twitter, who I follow, posted a link about\Nher. Like an article online about her
Dialogue: 0,0:28:34.06,0:28:39.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inventions. And I read that and I thought\N"Wow... That's interesting! Who is that?"
Dialogue: 0,0:28:39.69,0:28:45.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then I just started googling her and\Nin the end I started buying all these
Dialogue: 0,0:28:45.31,0:28:49.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,books and reading and watching her movies\Nand I'm really happy about that because,
Dialogue: 0,0:28:49.82,0:28:56.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as I said, I really like her.\NSo, yeah, Twitter.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:59.66,0:29:02.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,HA: , I think... There's someone at Mic 6. Yeah, I
Dialogue: 0,0:29:02.01,0:29:06.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wasn't sure because you sat down again...\NSo please, ask your question now.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:06.38,0:29:10.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mic 6: I'm not sure, you said like, the
Dialogue: 0,0:29:10.10,0:29:15.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,name of the talk was "The Woman Behind Wi-\NFi" - can you explain the title and her
Dialogue: 0,0:29:15.02,0:29:18.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,position and what was made out of her\Ntheory?
Dialogue: 0,0:29:18.66,0:29:23.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AD: Yes, I chose that title, because a lot
Dialogue: 0,0:29:23.66,0:29:32.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of articles... there's a lot of short\Nmentions of her online and they often
Dialogue: 0,0:29:32.32,0:29:40.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stressed that she was one of the pioneers\Nof these technologies that eventually led
Dialogue: 0,0:29:40.02,0:29:48.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to today's Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. And\Nthere's still always this discussion, when
Dialogue: 0,0:29:48.08,0:29:53.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,somebody says well yeah she invented Wi-Fi\N(which I wouldn't say, because she didn't)
Dialogue: 0,0:29:53.09,0:30:04.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but she was one of many pioneers working\Non this technology the past decades and
Dialogue: 0,0:30:04.92,0:30:13.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's still always kind of misogynistic\Nbacklash when somebody recognizes her
Dialogue: 0,0:30:13.73,0:30:21.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,achievement. Then people are always "Yeah,\Nit's so different Wi-Fi and spread-
Dialogue: 0,0:30:21.05,0:30:26.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,spectrum today from what she did and she\Ndidn't really do anything, it's not that
Dialogue: 0,0:30:26.41,0:30:34.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,important!" and that's still today. And I\Nthink it is important, what she did. She
Dialogue: 0,0:30:34.26,0:30:41.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was ahead of her time. She thought about\Nsomething that scientists during that time
Dialogue: 0,0:30:41.55,0:30:51.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could not grasp. It was possible her\Npatent was feasible and it's - to answer
Dialogue: 0,0:30:51.84,0:30:56.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your question - it's kind of a little\Nprovocative, maybe, the title.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:56.81,0:31:05.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Intentionally to just make you think about\N"What exactly did she do?". Which is not
Dialogue: 0,0:31:05.50,0:31:06.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that little, I think.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:06.59,0:31:12.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,HA: I think regardless of a provocative\Ntitle it was a really amazing talk and we
Dialogue: 0,0:31:12.42,0:31:15.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would like to thank you one more time, Anja Drephal
Dialogue: 0,0:31:15.98,0:31:21.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}applause{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:31:21.82,0:31:29.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}music{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:31:29.89,0:31:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,subtitles created by c3subtitles.de\Nin the year 2017. Join, and help us!